简介：用从1998～2013的大气的观察数据，驻扎降雨数据，TRMM(热带降雨测量使命)为高原旋涡的数据，以及年度统计并且砍线，持续离开高原旋涡(SDPV)的联合活动特征和西南旋涡(SWV)被分析。一些新、有用的观察事实和理解关于旋涡的二种类型的联合活动被获得。结果显示出那：(1)二个旋涡的联合活跃时期从5月到8月，并且主要在6月和7月。(2)合伙的SDPV主要在Zaduo附近发源，当SWV来自Jiulong时。(3)大多数二个旋涡几乎搬进来一样的方向，动人和低马槽东方。SDPV主要在区域行动到长江的北方，当SWV越过长江山谷是位于的时。(4)二个旋涡的联合活动经常生产持续地区性的重降雨到黄河的南方，影响中国的宽区域，并且甚至远及朝鲜半岛，日本和越南。(5)大多数二个旋涡是baroclinic或冷旋涡，并且他们两个都变得以他们的联合活动加强了。(6)当二个旋涡在海上移动时，他们的中央压力下降，他们的降雨增加，特别为SWV。(7)当在中国的东方、南部的海有热带气旋时，二个旋涡可能同时在一样的区域上旋转，或移动向南方一起如果热带气旋出现，接近海南岛。

简介：在变丑和垂直涡度趋势之间的一种数学关系被介绍frontogenesis功能和完全的垂直涡度方程造，它被潮湿的潜在的涡度的优点导出。从数学关系，适当地设置了大气的条件，这被显示出能让变丑以比得上另外的有利因素的率施加积极贡献到旋涡开发。在旋涡开发的变丑的效果自己与变丑有关不仅，而且取决于空气的当前的热力学、动态的结构潮湿的baroclinicity和垂直的风例如对流稳定性，砍(或水平涡度)。发生在20222012年7月期间的重降雨的格的诊断研究证明那变丑在它的整个生命周期期间在低旋涡的快速的发展阶段期间在垂直涡度的增加以后有最显著的效果。这个特征在对流稳定性趋于是零的空气主要由于近似的中立的层(大约700hPa)的存在。中立的层在旋涡发展阶段期间显著地在垂直涡度增加以后做变丑的效果，并且因此驱使垂直涡度增加。

简介：ThisstudyusesNCEP/NCARdailyreanalysisdata,NOAAoutgoinglong-waveradiation(OLR)data,thereal-timemultivariateMJO(RMM)indexfromtheAustralianBureauofMeteorologyandTibetanPlateauvortex(TPV)datafromtheChengduInstituteofPlateauMeteorologytodiscussmodulationoftheMadden-JulianOscillation(MJO)ontheTibetanPlateauVortex(TPV).Waveletandcompositeanalysisareused.ResultsshowthattheMJOplaysanimportantroleintheoccurrenceoftheTPVthatthenumberofTPVsgeneratedwithinanactiveperiodoftheMJOisthreetimesasmuchasthatduringaninactiveperiod.Inaddition,duringtheactiveperiod,thenumberoftheTPVsgeneratedinphases1and2islargerthanthatinphases3and7.Aftercompositingphases1and7separately,allmeteorologicalelementsinphase1areapparentlyconducivetothegenerationoftheTPV,whereasthoseinphase7aresomewhatconstrained.Withitseastwardpropagationprocess,theMJOconvectioncentrespreadseastward,andtheverticalcirculationwithinthetropicalatmospherechanges.Duetotheinteractionbetweenthemid-latitudeandlow-latitudeatmosphere,changesoccurinthebarocliniccharacteristicsoftheatmosphere,theavailablepotentialenergyandeddyavailablepotentialenergyoftheatmosphere,andthecirculationstructuresoftheatmosphereovertheTibetanPlateau(TP)andsurroundingareas.Thisresultsinsignificantlydifferentwatervapourtransportationandlatentheatdistribution.Advantageousanddisadvantageousconditionsthereforealternate,leadingtoasignificantdifferenceamongthenumbersofplateauvortexindifferentphases.

简介：Trimethyltin(TMT)isanoccupationalandenvironmentalhealthhazardbehavingasapotentneurotoxinknowntoaffectthecentralnervoussystemaswellastheperipheralauditorysystem.However,themechanismsunderlyingTMT-inducedototoxicityarepoorlyunderstood.ToelucidatetheeffectsofTMTonthecochlea,asingleinjectionof4or8mg/kgTMTwasadministeredintraperitoneallytoadultrats.Thecompoundactionpotential(CAP)thresholdwasusedtoassessthefunctionalstatusofthecochleaandhistologicaltechniqueswereusedtoassesstheconditionofthehaircellsandauditorynervefibers.TMTat4mg/kgproducedatemporaryCAPthresholdelevationof25-60dBthatrecoveredby28dpost-treatment.Althoughtherewasnohaircelllosswiththe4mg/kgdose,therewasanoticeablelossofauditorynervefibersparticularlybeneaththeinnerhaircells.TMTat8mg/kgproducedalargepermanentCAPthresholdshiftthatwasgreatestatthehighfrequencies.TheCAPthresholdshiftwasassociatedwiththelossofouterhaircellsandinnerhaircellsinthebasal,high-frequencyregionofthecochlea,considerablelossofauditorynervefibersandasignificantlossofspiralganglionneuronsinthebasalturn.Spiralganglionneuronsshowedevidenceofsomashrinkageandnuclearcondensationandfragmentation,morphologicalfeaturesofapoptoticcelldeath.TMT-induceddamagewasgreatestinthehigh-frequency,basalregionofthecochleaandthenervefibersbeneaththeinnerhaircellswerethemostvulnerablestructures.

简介：Laser-inducedbreakdownspectroscopy（LIBS）isananalyticaldetectiontechniquebasedonatomicemissionspectroscopytomeasuretheelementalcomposition.LIBShasbeenextensivelystudiedanddevelopedduetothenon-contact,fastresponse,highsensitivity,real-timeandmulti-elementalde-tectionfeatures.ThedevelopmentandapplicationsofLIBStechniqueinAsiaaresummarizedanddiscussedinthisreviewpaper.TheresearchersinAsiaworkondifferentaspectsoftheLIBSstudyinfundamentals,dataprocessingandmodeling,applicationsandinstrumentations.Accordingtothecurrentresearchstatus,thechallenges,opportunitiesandfurtherdevelopmentofLIBStechniqueinAsiaarealsoevaluatedtopromoteLIBSresearchanditsapplications.

简介：Laser-induceddamageinfusedsilicaopticsgreatlyrestrictstheperformancesoflaserfacilities.Grayhazedamage,whichisalwaysinitiatedonceriapolishedoptics,isoneofthemostimportantdamagemorphologiesinfusedsilicaoptics.Inthispaper,thelaser-inducedgrayhazedamagesoffourfusedsilicasamplespolishedwithCeO_2,Al_2O_3,ZrO_2,andcolloidalsilicaslurriesareinvestigated.Foursamplesallpresentgrayhazedamageswithmuchdifferentdamagedensities.Then,thepolishing-inducedcontaminantandsubsurfacedamagesinfoursamplesareanalyzed.TheresultsrevealthatthegrayhazedamagescouldbeinitiatedonthesampleswithoutCecontaminantandareinclinedtoshowatightcorrelationwiththeshallowsubsurfacedamages.

简介：在角落分离/货摊控制上在endwall依附的旋涡发电机喷气(VGJ)的效果被数字模拟在高拐弯处的线性压缩机串联调查。结果证明角落分离能显著地被减少，它象一个更一致的出口流动角度和全部的压力侧面一样导致一个更宽的操作范围。在近货摊的操作点，全部的压力损失的最大的相对减小直到32.5%，，而喷气团比率是不到0.4%，。基于详细流动结构的分析，endwall十字流动和角落分离上的VGJ的三主要效果被识别。一个人是增加正切的速度部件相反的穿过流动，因此禁止endwall喷气出口附近的第二等的流动。第二是作为一个空气篱笆压制经过旋涡的pitchwise延期。第三是在起来洗的方面上向主流打扫低精力液体并且把主流的液体搬运到endwall到重新给与能量down-washed方面上的边界层。

简介：Vortexbeamswithfractionaltopologicalcharge(FTC)havemanyspecialcharacteristicsandnovelapplications.However,oneoftheobstaclesfortheirapplicationisthedifficultyofpreciselydeterminingtheFTCoffractionalvortexbeams.WefindthatwhenavortexbeamwithanFTCilluminatesadynamicangulardoubleslit(ADS),thefar-fieldinterferencepatternsthatincludetheinformationoftheFTCofthebeamattheangularbisectordirectionoftheADSvaryperiodically.Basedonthisproperty,asimpledynamicADSdeviceanddatafittingmethodcanbeusedtopreciselymeasuretheFTCofavortexlightbeamwithanerroroflessthan5%.

简介：空气隔板提供安全、干净、适当的空气流动给引擎并且广泛地与象轮船和潜水艇那样的大引擎在车辆被使用。在这运作的研究，在清洗的一个Ranque-Hilsch旋涡试管内的分离进程(冷却)系统被调查在旋涡试管性能上分析操作煤气的类型的影响；使用的操作气体是空气，氮，氧，二氧化碳和氮二氧化物。动态模型使用了的计算液体与三维的结构被装备，并且不变的条件在计算期间被使用。标准k-骚乱模特儿被雇用解决非线性的流动方程，和各种各样的关键参数，例如热、冷用尽热落下，并且驱动分离率，数字地被描述。结果证明氮二氧化物创造最大的分离从测试的所有气体的力量，和数字结果被对可得到的试验性的数据的好同意验证。另外，比较在二个不同边界条件，pressure-far-field和压力插头的使用之间被做，当在空气隔板内分析复杂狂暴的流动时。结果在未来为使用介绍一个全面、实际的答案数字研究。

简介：TheChineseFusionEngineeringTokamakReactor(CFETR)isanimportantintermediatedevicebetweenITERandDEMO.TheWaterCooledCeramicBreeder(WCCB)blanketwhosestructuralmaterialismainlymadeofReducedActivationFerritic/Martensitic(RAFM)steel,isoneofthecandidateconceptualblanketdesign.AnanalysisofrippleanderrorfieldinducedbyRAFMsteelinWCCBisevaluatedwiththemethodofstaticmagneticanalysisintheANSYScode.Significantadditionalmagneticfieldisproducedbyblanketanditleadstoanincreasedripplefield.Maximumripplealongtheseparatrixlinereaches0.53%whichishigherthan0.5%oftheacceptabledesignvalue.Simultaneously,oneblanketmoduleistakenoutforheatingpurposeandtheresultingerrorfieldiscalculatedtobeseriouslyagainsttherequirement.

简介：Anti-androgentherapyistheleadingtreatmentforadvancedprostatecancerandiscommonlyusedforneoadjuvantoradjuvanttreatment.Bicalutamideisanon-steroidalanti-androgen,usedduringtheinitiationofandrogendeprivationtherapyalongwithaluteinizinghormone-releasinghormoneagonisttoreducethesymptomsoftumor-relatedflaresinpatientswithadvancedprostatecancer.Assideeffects,bicalutamidecancausefatigue,gynecomastia,anddecreasedlibidothroughcompetitiveandrogenreceptorblockade.Additionally,althoughnotascommon,drug-inducedliverinjuryhasalsobeenreported.Herein,wereportacaseofhepatotoxicitysecondarytobicalutamideuse.Typically,bicalutamideinducedhepatotoxicitydevelopsafterafewdays;however,inthiscase,hepaticinjuryoccurred5moaftertreatmentinitiation.Basedonthisrarecaseofdelayedliverinjury,werecommendcarefulmonitoringofliverfunctionthroughoutbicalutamidetreatmentforprostatecancer.

简介：WemodeltheeffectsofweakfluctuationsontheprobabilitydensitiesandnormalizedpowersofvortexmodelsfortheBessel–Gaussphotonbeamwithfractionaltopologicalchargeintheparaxialnon-Kolmogorovturbulencechannel.Wefindthatprobabilitydensityofsignalvortexmodelsisafunctionofdeviationfromthecenterofthephotonbeam,andthefartherawayfromthebeamcenteritis,thesmallertheprobabilitydensityis.Forfractionaltopologicalcharge,theaverageprobabilitydensitiesofsignal/crosstalkvortexmodesoscillatealongthebeamradiusexceptthehalf-integerorder.Asthebeamwaistofthephotonsourcegrows,theaverageprobabilitydensityofsignalandcrosstalkvortexmodesgrowtogether.Moreover,thepeakoftheaverageprobabilitydensityofcrosstalkvortexmodesshiftsoutwardfromthebeamcenterasthebeamwaistgetslarger.Theresultsalsoshowthatthesmallerindexofnon-Kolmogorovturbulenceandthesmallergeneralizedrefractive-indexstructureparametermayleadtothehigheraverageprobabilitydensitiesofsignalvortexmodesandloweraverageprobabilitydensitiesofcrosstalkvortexmodes.Lower-coherenceradiusorbeamwaistcangiverisetolessreductionofthenormalizedpowersofthesignalvortexmodes,whichisoppositetothenormalizedpowersofcrosstalkvortexmodes.

简介：Thenasogastrictube(NGT)hasbecomeafrequentlyuseddevicetoalleviategastrointestinalsymptoms.Nasogastrictubesyndrome(NTS)isanuncommonbutpotentiallylife-threateningcomplicationofanindwellingNGT.NTSischaracterizedbyacuteupperairwayobstructionduetobilateralvocalcordparalysis.Wereportacaseofa76-year-oldmanwithNTS,inducedbyanindwellinglongintestinaltube.Hewasadmittedtoourhospitalfortreatmentofsigmoidcoloncancer.Heunderwentsigmoidectomytoreleaseabowelobstruction,andhadalongintestinaltubeinsertedtodecompresstheintestinaltract.Hepresentedacutedyspneafollowingprolongedintestinalintubation,andbronchoscopyshowedbilateralvocalcordparalysis.TheNGTwasremovedimmediately,andtracheotomywasperformed.Thepatientwasfinallydischargedinafullyrecoveredstate.NTSbeconsideredinpatientscomplainingofacuteupperairwayobstruction,notonlywithaNGTinsertedbutalsowithalongintestinaltube.

简介：OurexperimentsshowthatexternalfocusingandinitiallaserenergystronglyinfluencesfilamentgeneratedbythefemtosecondTi–sapphirelaserinair.Theexperimentalmeasurementsshowthefilamentlengthcanbeextendedbothbyincreasingthelaserenergyandfocallengthoffocusinglens.Ontheotherhand,theplasmafluorescenceemissioncanbeenhancedbyincreasingthelaserenergywithfixedfocallengthordecreasingthefocallength.Inaddition,thecollapsedistancemeasuredexperimentallyarelargerthanthecalculatedonesowingtothegroup-velocity-dispersioneffect.Inaddition,wefindthatthelinewidthsofthespectrallinesfromN2isindependentoffilamentpositions,laserenergiesandexternalfocusing.

简介：AIM:Toestimatethepotentialsystemiceventsduringandafterretinopathyofprematurity（ROP）screening.METHODS:Aprospectiveanddescriptivedesignedstudywasconductedtodetectthephysiologicandpathologicalchanges24hbefore,during,and72hafterROPscreening.Controlbloodpressure（BP）,saturation,pulserate,andbodytemperaturewereroutinelytakenatvarioustimeinternalsbeforeandafterscreening.Adverseeffectspertaintocardiovascularsystem,respiratorysystem,gastricsystem,urinarysystemandnervoussystemwereretrospect0-72hafterROPscreeningata24-hourinterval.RESULTS:Totally1254prematuritybabiesreceivingROPscreeningduringJan.1st2013toDec.31th2013wereenrolledinoursurvey.Comparedtocontrolvitalsigndatatakenbeforetheexamination,therewasafluctuationinthediastolicBPwiththeincreased3.03mmHg（P=0.04）after3dosesofmydriaticdrops.Immediatelyaftertheexamination,therewasafurther12.64mmHg（P<0.01）increaseinsystolicBPanda7.24mmHg（P<0.01）indiastolicBP.Themeanpulserateduringexaminationwas22.4bpm（P<0.01）higherthanthe133.3±9.0bpmcontrollevel.Theoxygensaturationsharedanaveragedropof5%（P<0.01）duringscreening.Inprematuritywithpostconceptionalagelessthan31wk,theincidenceofapnea（23.5%）,necrotizingenterocolitis（NEC）（8.7%）,gastricresidual（25.4%）andupperdigestivetracthemorrhage（6.4%）alsodemonstratedasignificantrise（P<0.01）.CONCLUSION:Inourstudysample,ROPscreeningwasassociatedwithNEC,gastricresidualandupperdigestivetracthemorrhage.Thesegastrointestinalsideeffects,alongwithbreathactivitypatternchangeandvitalsignsindicatorsfluctuation,mayberesultsofadditionalstressresponses.

简介：

简介：Thelaser-inducedrelativisticshockwavesaredescribed.Theshockwavescanbecreateddirectlybyahighirradiancelaserorindirectlybyalaseraccelerationofafoilthatcollideswithasecondstaticfoil.Aspecialcaseofinterestisthecreationoflaser-inducedfusionwherethecreatedalphaparticlescreateadetonationwave.Anovelapplicationissuggestedwiththeshockwaveorthedetonationwavetoigniteapre-compressedtarget.Inparticular,thedeuterium–tritiumfusionisconsidered.Itissuggestedthatthecollisionoftwolaseracceleratedfoilsmightserveasanovelrelativisticacceleratorforbulkmaterialcollisions.

简介：Exercise-inducedrhabdomyolysis（exRML）,apathophysiologicalconditionofskeletalmusclecelldamagethatmaycauseacuterenalfailureandinsomecasesdeath.IncreasedCa2+levelincellsalongwithfunctionaldegradationofcellsignalingsystemandcellmatrixhavebeensuggestedasthemajorpathologicalmechanismsassociatedwithexRML.TheonsetofexRMLmaybeexhibitedinathletesaswellasingeneralpopulation.PreviousstudieshavereportedthatpossiblecausesofexRMLwereassociatedwithexcessiveeccentriccontractionsinhightemperature,abnormalelectrolytesbalance,andnutritionaldeficienciespossiblegeneticdefects.However,theunderlyingmechanismsofexRMLhavenotbeenclearlyestablishedamonghealthprofessionalsorsportsmedicinepersonnel.Therefore,wereviewedthepossiblemechanismsandcorrelatedpreventionofexRML,whileprovidingusefulandpracticalinformationfortheathleteandgeneralexercisingpopulation.

简介：Basedon6-hourlysensibleheatfluxandlatentheatfluxfromtheNCEPClimateForecastSystemReanalysis(CFSR)andcirculationdatafromtheJapanese25-yearReanalysis(JRA-25),theinitialdevelopingprocessoftropicalcycloneMindulle(1005)in2010hasbeendiagnosedtorevealtheimpactofair-seainteractionovertheSouthChinaSea(SCS)onthegenesisofitsincipientvortex.TheresultsshowthattheincipientvortexfirstoccurredeastoftheLuzonIslandon0000UTC20August,suggestingthatthetopographicforcingoftheLuzonIslandforeasterlywindsoverthewesternPacificmightbeoneofthefactorsresponsiblefortheformationoftheincipientvortex.Duringtheformationstageoftheincipientvortex,strongsoutheasterliesovertheSCScausedwarmwaterofthemiddleandeasternSCStoflowtowardtheLuzonIslandduetoEkmantransportresultingfromwindstress,leadingtoanincreaseoftheseasurfacetemperatureandsensibleheatfluxintotheatmosphere.Althoughtheanomaloussensibleheatingfavoredsurfacepressuretoreduce,itwasnotconducivetotheincreaseoflocalvorticityassociatedwiththevortexabovetheheatingareabecause,accordingtotheatmosphericthermaladaptationtheory,theanticyclonicvorticitywouldbecreatedinthelowertroposphereduetothedecreasedverticalgradientofthesensibleheating.However,theascendingmotionsoccurredovertheeasternareaoftheanomaloussensibleheatingduetotheaugmentationofthevorticityadvectionwithincreasingheight,causingwatervaportocondenseinthemiddleanduppertroposphere.Inturn,cyclonicvorticitywasgeneratedinthelowertroposphereduetotheincreasedverticalgradientofthecondensationlatentheating,resultingintheformationandfurthergrowthoftheincipientvortex.Therefore,thevorticitycreationduetothecondensationheatingplayedadominantroleduringthesubsequentenhancingstageoftheincipientvortex.

简介：ByemployingtheNCEP/NCARreanalysisdatasets(1000to10hPa,2.5°×2.5°),thethermalforcingimpactsareanalyzedofaneasterlyvortex(shortenedasEV)overthetropicaluppertroposphereonthequasi-horizontalmovementoftheWesternPacificSubtropicalAnticyclone(shortenedasWPSA)during22-25June2003.Therelevantmechanismsarediscussedaswell.Itisshownthatthedistributionandintensityofthenon-adiabaticeffectneartheEVresultintheanomalouseastwardretreatoftheWPSA.TheWPSAprefersextendingtothecolderregion,i.e.,itmovestowardtheregioninwhichthenon-adiabaticheatingisweakeningorthecoolingisstrengthening.DuringtheWPSAretreat,theapparentchangesofnon-adiabaticheatingillustratethecharacteristicsofenhancedcoolingintheeastsideoftheEV.Meanwhile,thecoolinginthewestsideexhibitsaweakenedeastwardtrend,mostprominentlyat300hPainthetroposphere.Theevidenceonthefactorscausingthechangeinthermalconditionisfound:themostimportantcontributiontotheheating-ratetrendistheverticaltransportterm,followedinturnbythelocalchangeintheheatingratetermandthehorizontaladvectionterm.Asaresult,theatmosphericnon-adiabaticheatinggeneratedbytheverticaltransportandlocalchangediscussedaboveismainlyconnectedtotheretreatoftheWPSA.