简介：目的探讨前颅窝底硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）的临床表现及外科治疗方法和效果。方法对2011年9月至2012年7月我科收治的3例前颅窝底DAVF患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析并结合相关文献进行复习。结果3例患者均为男性，年龄分别为52、56和23岁，头昏1例，额叶血肿1例，硬脑膜下出血1例，3例均经全脑血管造影证实为前颅窝底DAVF，3例均经开颅手术灼闭瘘口，全部治愈，无术后并发症。结论前颅窝底DAVF较为少见，手术灼闭瘘口安全、有效，是首选治疗方法。

简介：Theactiveingredientofginseng,ginsenosidesRg1,hasbeenshowntoscavengefreeradicalsandimproveantioxidantcapacity.ThisstudyhypothesizedthatginsenosidesRg1hasaprotectiveroleinhumanneuroblastomacellsinjuredbyH_2O_2.GinsenosidesRg1atdifferentconcentrations(50and100μM)wasusedtotreatH_2O_2(150μM)-injuredSH-SY5Ycells.ResultsdemonstratedthatginsenosideRg1elevatedthesurvivalrateofSH-SY5YcellsinjuredbyH_2O_2,diminishedtheamountofleakedlactatedehydrogenase,andincreasedsuperoxidedismutaseactivity.GinsenosideRg1effectivelysuppressedcaspase-3immunoreactivity,andcontributedtoheatshockprotein70geneexpression,inadose-dependentmanner.TheseresultsindicatethatginsenosideRg1hasprotectiveeffectsonSH-SY5YcellsinjuredbyH_2O_2andthatitsmechanismofactionisassociatedwithanti-oxidationandtheinhibitionofapoptosis.

简介：1病例资料1．1一般资料患者，18岁，男性，因不慎从约2m高处摔下致伤头部12h人院。后枕部着地，伤后有短暂昏迷史，出现恶心、呕吐，神志模糊，伴烦躁不安。伤后2h在当地医院行头部CT检查发现左枕部硬膜外血肿，转入我院后复查头部CT，

简介：目的总结伊藤氏色素减少症继发难治性癫痫的外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析1例9岁伊藤氏色素减少症继发难治性癫痫患儿的临床资料,并结合相关文献进行分析。结果该患儿在术前全面评估后接受了左侧额叶癫痫病灶局限性切除术,术后癫痫发作得到了良好的控制,生活质量得以很大的提高。结论伊藤色素减少症继发难治性癫痫病变范围往往较大,但是在现有的神经影像和神经电生理的支持下能较好的将致痫病灶局限化,通过手术治疗,在不损伤患者重要神经功能的情况下可很好地控制癫痫发作,提高生活质量。

简介：1病例资料患者,女,54岁,除头痛外,无肢体感觉、运动障碍。当地医院MRI检查示左侧大脑镰旁中1/3脑膜瘤。以顶部过中线切口行开颅脑膜瘤切除术,术后四肢感觉、运动无明显异常。术后13d突发四肢乏力,四肢肌力约Ⅱ级,双侧肌力对称,腱反射明显减弱,无明显感觉障碍。

简介：目的同步考量脑损伤后大鼠与认知功能较为密切的脑区N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体1（NMDAR1）表达与认知功能的变化。方法参照Feeney法建立大鼠创伤性脑损伤模型，伤后1d，2d，4d，7d1）．2免疫组化SABC法检测大鼠额叶皮质、海马区、基底前脑区NMDAR1表达，以行走实验、平衡实验及记忆功能测定评估大鼠认知障碍变化。结果轻、中型脑损伤组大鼠于伤后2d认知障碍最严重，分别于伤后3，7d基本恢复正常。轻型、中型脑损伤组脑额叶皮质、海马区、基底前脑区NMDAR1均于伤后1d升高，于2d降至较低水平后再呈缓慢增高趋势，与认知障碍变化趋势呈同步变化，且中型脑损伤组NMDAR1表达高于假手术组与轻型脑损伤组（P〈0．05）。结论大鼠经创伤性脑损伤后，额叶皮质、海马区、基底前脑区细胞中的NMDAR1含量和损伤后认知障碍的变化趋势有相似性；创伤性脑损伤后表达增加的NMDAR1对大鼠认知功能有加重损害作用。

简介：颈动脉海绵窦瘘是颈动脉和海绵窦之间不正常的交通[1,2].根据病因学或动脉起源而分类.本文报告1例发生于原始三叉动脉上的颈动脉海绵窦瘘.

简介：目的探讨枕骨大孔区脑膜瘤（FMM）的手术策略和效果。方法回顾性分析1例椎动脉骑跨型FMM的临床资料并全面复习文献，对FMM的诊断分型、手术策略、手术结果、术后并发症等进行分析讨论。结果本例FMM在显微镜下手术完全切除，术后无永久并发症，恢复良好。结论大部分FMM可通过手术获得全切，但手术创伤大、暴露难，并发症多样。

简介：BACKGROUND:Animalexperimentshaveconfirmedthatbonemarrowstromalcell(BMSC)transplantationcanserveasatreatmentforepilepsy.OBJECTIVE:BMSCsderivedfromgreenfluorescentprotein(GFP)miceweretransplantedintothehippocampalCA1regionofepilepticrats.Theaimofthestudywastorecordelectroencephalogram(EEG),analyzesurvivalandmigrationofBMSCs,andvalidatetheeffectofBMSCtransplantationforthetreatmentofepilepsy.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:ArandomizedblockdesignexperimentwasperformedattheInstituteofNeuroscience,KunmingMedicalCollegefromMarch2005toFebruary2006.MATERIALS:HomozygousC57BL/6CrSlcTgN(acr-EGFP)OsbC14-Y01-FM131mice,8-12weeksofage,wereselectedforpreparationofcellsuspension.SpragueDawleyratswereselectedforestablishingepilepsymodels.METHODS:Ratswererandomlydividedinto4groups:control(n=8),model(n=8),normalsaline(n=24),andBMSC(n=24).Inthemodel,normalsaline,andBMSCgroups,epilepsywasestablishedwithpenicillin(3×107U/kgi.p.×7days).RatsintheBMSCgroupreceivedaBMSCsuspensionderivedfromgreenfluorescentproteinmiceintotherighthippocampalCA1region.RatsinthevehiclecontrolgroupwereinjectedwiththesamevolumeofnormalsalineintothehippocampalCA1region.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Theelectroencephalogramwasusedtomonitorbrainactivity.SurvivalandmigrationofthetransplantedBMSCswasobservedusingfluorescencemicroscopyat1,2,and4weeksaftertransplantation.RESULTS:InBMSCgroup,fluorescentcellswereobservedatthetransplantationsiteandintheadjacenttissue,aswellasinthetissuesurroundingtheneedletract,indicatingthemigrationofimplantedcells.Fluorescentcellswerenotdetectedinthevehiclecontrolgroup.Theelectroencephalogramofthecontrolanimalsexhibited7-9Hzαwaves,withawaveamplitude<50μV.Inthemodelandvehiclecontrolgroups,randomspike-and-wavedischargesofthesharpspike-sharplowwavetyp

简介：目的探讨Notch信号通路在人脑胶质瘤发展中的作用。方法收集脑胶质瘤组织标本60例,其中Ⅰ-Ⅱ级胶质瘤35例及Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤25例,并取22例瘤旁正常脑组织标本作为对照。采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测这些标本中Notch-lmRNA的表达。结果Notch-1mRNA在人脑胶质瘤中的表达显著高于正常脑组织（P〈0.01）,且在Ⅲ~Ⅳ级胶质瘤组中的表达显著高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ级组（P〈0.01）。相关性研究发现,Notch-1mRNA的表达与人脑胶质瘤病理分级呈正相关（r=0.706,P〈0.01）。结论Notch-1mRNA在人正常脑组织和脑胶质瘤中均有表达,但其在脑胶质瘤中的表达与脑胶质瘤的病理分级呈正相关。

简介：梅毒是我国目前主要的性传播疾病之一，国内神经梅毒发病率已高于欧美国家。梅毒若不规范治疗，将转变为神经梅毒，对神经系统造成严重损害，应引起广大医务工作者注意。文献中仅表现为复视、非阿-罗瞳孔的神经梅毒尚未见报道，现报告一例以复视为表现的不典型神经梅毒并文献复习。1病例报告1．1病史特点患者男，54岁，已婚，干部，因复视25天入院，患者25d前无诱因出现复试，无视力下降，无头痛、呕吐，无发热，无肢体活动障碍，患者双眼看物体时超过2米时复视明显，但是用一只眼睛看东西时无复视。既往体健，患者无高血压、糖尿病、高血脂及心脏病史，有冶游史10年。

简介：本文报告1例原发于颅内颞叶且合并癫痫发作、尿崩及肺部转移的异位绒毛膜上皮癌患者，经手术、放疗及化疗处理，疗效良好。

简介：1例以反复脑梗死为主要表现的成人Ⅱ型糖原累积病患者，对患者临床表现及肌电图、肌肉活检病理、组织化学、酶化学和电镜检查进行分析。血清肌酶升高、肌电图呈肌源性改变、肌肉活检电镜检查可见溶酶体和细胞质内糖原颗粒明显增多等符合Ⅱ型糖原累积病，可除外脑血管病的其他危险因素，脑梗死是由糖原累积病引起。脑梗死是成人型Ⅱ型糖原累积病的少见表现。

简介：目的探讨实质型多形性黄色瘤型星形细胞瘤(PXA)的临床、影像学表现、病理学特点及致痫机制和外科治疗方案。方法回顾性分析1例PXA患儿的临床资料。结果患儿男,10岁,临床表现为反复癫痫发作。脑电图示右颞区为主的慢波、棘-慢波发放,头颅MRI平扫见右颞中部皮质结构异常,增强扫描局部呈不均匀片状强化。术中见病变位于右侧颞中回后部,局部皮质略肿胀、颜色稍黄、质地偏韧、边界欠清,自皮质表面向深部生长。术中皮质脑电图(ECoG)监测见癫痫放电主要位于病变及其周围皮质,扩大切除病变后再次监测未见异常癫痫波发放。术后随访9个月无癫痫发作。结论PXA是一种少见的中枢神经系统肿瘤,多以癫痫发作为首发症状。在ECoG监测下行病变扩大切除是治疗PXA的有效方法。

简介：BACKGROUND:Epidemiologicstudieshaveindicatedthattheincidenceofstrokeinpremenopausalfemalesislowerthaninmalesatthesameage,butitsignificantlyrisesinpostmenopausalfemales.Estrogenisusedclinicallytoalleviateinjurycausedbycerebralischemia.Ithasbeenhypothesizedthattheneuroprotectiveroleofestrogenrelatestoangiopoietin(Angpt),whichplaysanimportantroleinvascularization,vascularremodelingandmaturation.OBJECTIVE:Toobserveandvalidatetheeffectofestradiolonangiopoietin-1(Angpt1)mRNAexpressioninovariectomizedratswithfocalcerebralischemiaafterreperfusion,soastoexplorethemolecularmechanismsofestradiol-mediatedprotectionfromcerebralischemicdamage.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Randomized,controlled,molecularbiology,prospectiveanimalstudy.TheexperimentwasperformedattheCentralLaboratoryofChongqingMedicalUniversityfromSeptembertoDecember2005.MATERIALS:Fiftyhealthyfemalewildtype(WT)ratsaged6monthsandfiftyfemaleratsaged6monthswithknockoutoftheestrogen-alphareceptorgene(ERKO).METHODS:WTratsandERKOratsweredividedintoestradiolandcontrolgroups(n=25),andinjectedin-tramuscularlywithestradiolbenzoate(100μg/kgperday)orcornoil(1mL/kgperday)for7days,30daysafterbilateralovariectomy.Ratmodelsofcerebralischemia/reperfusionwereestablishedwiththemiddlecerebralarteryocclusionmethod.After30minutesofmiddlecerebralarteryocclusion,ratsfromtheestradiolandcontrolgroupswereinjectedintramuscularlywithestradiolbenzoateorcornoilattheabovedose.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Weusedradio-immunityanalysisandlaser-Dopplerflowmetrytomeasureplasmaestradiollevelsandchangesincerebralbloodflow.WeusedimmunohistochemicalstainingofCD34epitopestomeasurechangesinthecapillarydensityinbrainfollowingcerebralischemia/reperfusion,andquantitativeRT-PCRanalysistoassessmRNAexpressionlevelsofAngpt1,Angpt2,Tie2,vascu

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简介：BACKGROUND:Drugaddictioninvolvestwomaincentralnervoussystems,namelythedopamineandnoradrenalinesystems.Thesesystemsareprimarilydistributedinfivebrainregions:theventraltegmentalarea,thenucleusaccumbens,theprefrontalcortex,thehippocampus,andthelocuscoeruleus.OBJECTIVE:Toinvestigateregionalchangesofguaninenucleotidebindingprotein-inhabitant2(Gi2)indopaminergicandnoradrenergicneuronsinbrainsofmorphine-tolerantand-dependentrats.DESIGN,TIME,ANDSETTING:ArandomizedcontrolstudywasperformedattheDepartmentofNeu-robiologyintheSecondMilitaryMedicalUniversityofChinesePLA(Shanghai,China)betweenSeptember2002andMarch2004.MATERIALS:Thirty-six,healthy,male,Sprague-Dawley(SD)ratswereusedtoestablishmorphine-dependentmodels.MorphinehydrochloridewasaproductofShenyangFirstPharmaceuticalFactory(China);naloxonehydrochloridewasaproductofBeijingFour-RingPharmaceuticalFactory(China);andαsubunitofGi2antibodywasofferedbySantaCruzBiotechnology,Inc(USA).METHODS:Thirty-sixSDratswererandomlydividedintosixgroups(n=6):(1)acutemor-phine-dependentgroup,(2)acuteabstinentgroup,(3)acutecontrolgroup,(4)chronicmorphine-dependentgroup,(5)chronicabstinentgroup,and(6)chroniccontrolgroup.Ratsintheacutemorphine-dependentandtheacutegroupswereinjectedwithmorphine(5mg/kg),oneinjectioneverytwohours,foratotalofeightinjections.Intheacuteandchronicmorphine-dependentratmodels,morphinewithdrawalsyndromewasprecipitatedbyaninjectionofnaloxone(5mg/kg).Ratsintheacutecontrolgroupweregivenaperitonealinjectionofphysiologicalsalineatthesameadministrationtimeastheabovetwogroups.Ratsinthechronicmorphine-dependentandchronicabstinentgroupswereinjectedwithmorphinethreetimesperday.Theadministrationdoseonday1wasinitially5mg/kgat20:00,whichincreasedby5mg/kgat8:00,12:00,and20:00untilday7.Onday

简介：BACKGROUND:Calciumion(Ca2+)overloadplaysanimportantroleincerebralischemia/reperfusioninjury.Anisodamine,atypeofalkaloid,canprotectthemyocardiumfromischemiaandreperfusioninjurybyinhibitingintracellularcalcium[Ca2+]ioverload.OBJECTIVE:Toinvestigateeffectsofanisodamineon[Ca2+]iconcentrationandcortexultrastructurefol-lowingacutecerebralischemia/reperfusioninrabbits.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:RandomizedandcontrolledtrialwasperformedattheDepartmentofEmergency,TongjiHospital,TongjiMedicalCollegeofHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyfromSeptembertoDecember2006.MATERIALS:Fortyhealthyrabbitswereusedtoestablishmodelsofacutecerebralischemia/reperfusion.AnisodaminewasprovidedbyLianyungangDongfengPharmaceuticalFactory;Fura-2waspurchasedfromNanjingJianchengBioengineeringInstitute;dual-wavelengthfluorescentspectrophotometrysystemandDM-300softwarewereprovidedbyBio-Rad,USA;OPTON-EM10CtransmissionelectronmicroscopewasproductofSiemens,Germany.METHODS:Fortyrabbitswererandomlydividedintothefollowinggroups:shamoperation,ischemia,ischemia/reperfusion,andanisodamine,withtenrabbitsineachgroup.Modelsofcompletecerebralischemiainjurywereestablished.Inaddition,bloodwascollectedfromthefemoralarteryofratsintheischemia/reperfusionandanisodaminegroupstoinducehypotensionandestablishreperfusioninjurymodels.Thebilateralcommoncarotidarteryclampwasremovedfromtheanisodaminegroup20minutesafterischemia,andanisodamine(10mg/kgbodymass)wasinjectedviathefemoralvein.Rabbitsintheshamoperationgroupunderwentonlyvenouscannulation.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:[Ca2+]iconcentrationwasdeterminedusingadual-wavelengthfluorescentspectrophotometrysystem,andcorticalultrastructurewasobservedfollowinguranyl-leadcitratestaining.RESULTS:Thelevelsof[Ca2+]iintheischemiaandischemia/reperfusiongroupsweresignificantlyin-creased,c

简介：目的探讨GATA-3及Th2细胞因子IL-4与多发性肌炎（PM）/皮肌炎（DM）的关系。方法用RT-PCR方法检测PM/DM患者外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）中GATA-3、IL-4的mRAN表达,并与正常健康人进行比较。结果PM、DM组中GATA-3mRNA表达阳性率（85.7%,86.4%）均高于正常对照组（25%）（P〈0.05）;PM、DM组GATA-3的表达强度（0.268,0.411）均高于正常对照组（0.000）（P〈0.05）;皮肌炎IL-4mRNA的表达强度（0.251）高于正常对照组（0.000）（P〈0.05）;GATA-3与IL-4的表达强度呈正相关（r=0.475,P〈0.05）。结论皮肌炎的Th2细胞过度分化及体液免疫增强可能与GATA-3表达增强有关。

简介：目的探讨褪黑素通过调节核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3炎症复合体（NLRP3）对蛛网膜下腔出血（sAH）后早期脑损伤（EBI）的保护作用和机制。方法建立小鼠颈动脉线穿法SAH模型，分为假手术组、假手术＋溶剂组、SAH＋溶剂组和SAH＋褪黑素组四组，进行SAH出血量评级和小鼠神经功能缺陷评分，脑组织水含量测定脑水肿，伊文思蓝法测定血脑屏障（BBB）通透性，检测脑丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平，神经核抗原（NeuN）和末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记测定法（TUNEL）检测神经元存活和死亡率，WesternBlot检测脑凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（ASC）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3炎症复合体（NLRP3）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因（Bcl2）、前凋亡因子（Bim）和活化的caspase-1蛋白表达，酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）脑中细胞因子白介素-1β（IL-1β）和白介素_6（IL-6）水平。结果槲皮素可以提高SAH小鼠生存率，降低神经功能缺陷评分，减少脑神经元凋亡，提高脑谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平，降低丙二醛（MDA）水平，减轻脑水肿和BBB通透性损害。槲皮素可以降低NLRP3以及细胞凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（ASC）的表达，抑制IL-1β、IL-6的分泌和活化的caspase-1的蛋白表达，并可以增高抗凋亡因子Bcl2的表达，降低凋亡前体因子Bim的表达。结论槲皮素通过抑制NLRP3炎性相关的凋亡来减轻SAH后的EBI。