摘要
HepatitisB(HB)virus(HBV)infection,whichcauseslivercirrhosisandhepatocellularcarcinoma,isendemicworldwide.HepatitisBvaccinesbecamecommerciallyavailableinthe1980s.TheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedtheintegrationoftheHBvaccineintothenationalimmunisationprogramsinallcountries.HBVpreventionstrategiesareclassifiedintothreegroups:(1)universalvaccinationalone;(2)universalvaccinationwithscreeningofpregnantwomenplusHBimmuneglobulin(HBIG)atbirth;and(3)selectivevaccinationwithscreeningofpregnantwomenplusHBIGatbirth.Mostlow-incomecountrieshaveadopteduniversalvaccineprogramswithoutscreeningofpregnantwomen.However,HBvaccinesarenotwidelyusedinlow-incomecountries.TheGlobalAllianceforVaccineandImmunizationwaslaunchedin2000,andby2012,theglobalcoverageofathree-doseHBvaccinehadincreasedto79%.Thenextchallengesaretofurtherincreasethecoveragerate,closethegapbetweenrecommendationsandroutinepractices,approachhighriskindividuals,screenandtreatchronicallyinfectedindividuals,andpreventbreakthroughinfections.ToeradicateHBVinfections,strenuouseffortsarerequiredtoovercomesocioeconomicbarrierstotheHBvaccine;thistaskisexpectedtotakeseveraldecadestocomplete.
出版日期
2014年12月22日（中国期刊网平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）
