简介：ChinahasrecognizedthethreatofHIVtoitspopulationandrespondedwithanationalantiretroviraltreatment(ART)program.However,highARTfailureratesandthespreadofresistancewithinpopulationsareimportantrealitiestoconsiderwhendevelopingandmanagingARTprogramsinChinaandworldwide.Conceptswhichwilldefinetreatmentsuccessandlocalandnationalprogrammaticgoalsare1)accesstoART,2)durabilityofARTatthepatientlevel,3)scalabilityoftreatmentmodalities,andthe4)sustainabilityoftheprogramatthecommunityornationallevel.Inthefaceoflimitedresources,ChinamustalsoconsiderwhentostartARVtherapy,whichagentstouse,whentoswitchthem,andhowtotreathighlyexperiencedpatientswithdrugresistance.TheoptimalARVregimentostartwithischangingfrequentlywiththeintroductionofnewagentsandthepresentationofnewdata.Currently,aregimenincludingtenofovir,emtricitabineorlamivudineandanonnucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitorappearstohaveoptimalcharacteristicstotreatHIV/AIDSinChina.However,criticaltoallofthesechoicesistheevaluationofprogramsimplementedtoinsurewidescalesuccess.Chinahaswiselybegunthisprocessofevaluatingtheperformanceoflocalprogramsthroughsystematicmonitoringandevaluationoftreatmentoutcomes.Thiswillallowregimensandprogramsthatworktobeexpanded,andprogramswithhighfailureratestobeeliminated.Intheend,evidencebaseddatasupportingtreatmentstrategieswillallowChinatosuccessfullyconfrontitsAIDSepidemicearlyandpreventitstragicconsequences