简介：ThedramaticchangesintheArcticclimatesystemduringrecentdecadesareoneofthemostprominentfeaturesofglobalclimatechange.Twomoststrikingandfundamentalcharacteristicsaretheamplifiednear-surfacewarmingataratetwicetheglobalaveragesincethemid20thcentury（e.g.,BlundenandArndt,2012;Huangetal.,2017）,andtherapiddeclineofsea-iceextentatapaceof12.9%（10yr）-landthinningoficethicknessby40%since1979（e.g.,KwokandRothrock,2009;Meieretal.,2012）.Inconjunctionwiththesechanges,thefrequencyofoccurrenceofextremeclimateandweathereventshasostensiblyincreasedacrosstheNorthernHemispheremid-latitudes,includingadversecoldspells,severeheatwaves,destructivefloods,andpersistentdroughts（e.g.,CoumouandRahmstorf,2012）.ThefactthatArcticclimatechangeshavecoincidedwithanincreaseinthefrequencyofoccurrenceofextremeeventshasinspiredbroadinterestinpossiblelinkages--notonlyintheclimatecommunity,butalsothegeneralpublic,mediaagencies,anddecisionmakers--inparticularconsideringtheprojectedfuturecontinuationandaccelerationofArcticwarmingandsea-icedecline（e.g.,ZhangandWalsh,2006;Zhang,2010;Stroeveetal.,2012;WangandOverland,2012）.