简介:Webuiltathree-dimensionalmodeltosimulatethedisturbanceofthestressfieldnearthereversefaultinZhaziao,LeyiTownshipowingtohydraulicfracturing.Theporepressure,andshearandnormalstressesduringfracturingareanalyzedindetail.Inputrockmechanicsparametersaretakenfromlaboratorytestdataofshalesamplesfromthestudyarea.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatafter16hoursoffluidinjection,thepore-pressurevariationcanactivatethereversefault,i.e.,weobservereverseslip,andtheshearstressanddisplacementonthefaultplaneincreasewithtime.Thebiggeststress–strainchangeoccursafteronehouroffluidinjectionandtheyieldpointappearsabout0.5hafterinjection.Toobservethestressevolutionineachsection,thenormaldisplacementontheboundaryisconstrainedandthefaultplaneissetasnonpermeable.Thus,theslidingislimitedandthesheardisplacementisonlyinthescaleofmillimeters,andthecalculatedmagnitudeoftheinducedearthquakesisbetweenMw-3.5andMw-0.2.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatfluidwaterinjectionresultsininhomogeneousfracturing.Themainrupturedareasarearoundtheinjectionpositions,whereastheextentofrupturingandcracksinotherareasarerelativelysmall.Nevertheless,nonnegligiblefaultactivationisrecorded.Sensitivityanalysisofthekeyparameterssuggeststhattheporepressureismostsensitivetothemaximumunbalancedforceandtheinternalfrictionanglestronglyaffectsthefaultslip.Finally,thecomparisonbetweentheeffectivenormalstressandthemaximumandminimumprincipalstressesonthefaultplaneexplainsthefaultinstability,i.e.,theMohrcirclemovestowardstheleftwithdecreasingradiusreducesandintersectsthecriticalslipenvelope,andcausesthefaulttoslip.
简介:传统的地层压力预测方法大都建立在地层欠压实机理之上,对于由其它因素引起的异常高压现象未必适用。Yassir等(1999)发现异常地层压力通常与异常水平应力有密切联系,异常高压带的最大主应力往往很大。基于此,在分析重力场和构造应力场的双重应力场特征基础上,本次研究首先通过常规测井资料建立构造稳定地区的最大主应力的计算模型,将利用该模型计算构造挤压强烈的非稳定地区的主应力结果定义为虚拟最大主应力,再结合相对构造应力的贡献值得到最大主应力,最后在一定的超压范围之内,根据最大主应力与地层压力的拟合关系预测地层压力。通过对A气田的实际资料处理表明,利用该方法得到的地层压力预测值与实际测量值吻合较好,预测精度较传统的等效深度法有明显的提高。
简介:Tilt—depth法可以用于快速反演磁源的上顶埋深,但其无法反演磁源底部深度,同时该方法的反演解过于单一。针对于此,本文在有限厚度台阶磁异常导数公式基础上,推导出了可以同时反演地质体上、下界面埋深的改进型Tilt—depth法计算公式,并采用在Tilt梯度图上选取多特征点进行联合反演的计算模式来提高反演解的可靠性。二维及三维组合模型试验均证实了改进型Tilt—depth法可以有效地反演出磁性体的上顶与下底深度,且上顶埋深的反演精度明显高于常规方法的。最后将改进型Tilt—depth法用于松辽盆地长岭断陷航磁数据反演,其上顶埋深的反演结果与钻孔钻遇火山岩的深度基本一致,证实改进型Tilt—depth法相对于常规方法的反演结果更加准确。