简介:GROUND-BASEDMEASUREMENTSOFCOLUMNABUNDANCEOFOZONEANDUV-BRADIATIONOVERZHONGSHANSTATION,ANTARCTICAFORTHE1993“OZONEHOLE”ZhouXiuji...
简介:这份报纸为用BDS(BeiDou航行卫星系统)估计湿折射度地的精确论述一条新奇途径模拟仅仅,为深圳和香港GNSS的GPS,和BDS+GPS联网。模拟被把人工的噪音加到真实观察数据集执行。,而不是使用,从观点计算的d和s参数在以前的研究弄湿延期,我们采用偏爱和RMS参数,从全部的voxels的断层摄影术结果计算了,回答决心以便获得折射度的精确的更直接、全面的评估。结果显示出那:(1)湿折射度估计了独自使用BDS的tropospheric(仅仅使用的9颗卫星)的精确基本上比得上GPS的;(2)BDS+GPS(当前的操作)不能显著地改进数据为折射度断层摄影术的应用程序的空间密度;并且(3)特别地在更低的空气,折射度断层摄影术的精确的任何细微增加在中国运作的气象学的服务上为任何应用依赖者忍受大意义。
简介:Toimprovetheaccuracyofnowcasting,anewextrapolationtechniquecalledparticlefilterblendingwasconfiguredinthisstudyandappliedtoexperimentalnowcasting.Radarechoextrapolationwasperformedbyusingtheradarmosaicatanaltitudeof2.5kmobtainedfromtheradarimagesof12S-bandradarsinGuangdongProvince,China.Thefirstbilateralfilterwasappliedinthequalitycontroloftheradardata;anopticalflowmethodbasedontheLucas–KanadealgorithmandtheHarriscornerdetectionalgorithmwereusedtotrackradarechoesandretrievetheechomotionvectors;then,themotionvectorswereblendedwiththeparticlefilterblendingalgorithmtoestimatetheoptimalmotionvectorofthetrueechomotions;finally,semi-Lagrangianextrapolationwasusedforradarechoextrapolationbasedontheobtainedmotionvectorfield.Acomparativestudyoftheextrapolatedforecastsoffourprecipitationeventsin2016inGuangdongwasconducted.Theresultsindicatethattheparticlefilterblendingalgorithmcouldrealisticallyreproducethespatialpattern,echointensity,andecholocationat30-and60-minforecastleadtimes.Theforecastsagreedwellwithobservations,andtheresultswereofoperationalsignificance.Quantitativeevaluationoftheforecastsindicatesthattheparticlefilterblendingalgorithmperformedbetterthanthecross-correlationmethodandtheopticalflowmethod.Therefore,theparticlefilterblendingmethodisprovedtobesuperiortothetraditionalforecastingmethodsanditcanbeusedtoenhancetheabilityofnowcastinginoperationalweatherforecasts.
简介:基于散布途径的连续顺序,为垂直地不同类的飞机平行媒介的一个完整的向量放射的转移模型(SOSVRT)被开发了。克服集中的计算负担,由截断与一个几何系列散布订单的一种简单近似技术被用来减少计算时间。有三种对称关系和二个相互的反的操作员的阶段矩阵的分析Fourier分解被实现了进一步改进计算效率。改进精确性,一个processing以后过程被实现精确地插入内推在任意的角度的Stokes向量。有为随机面向的过寺院生活的球状体的气氛的基准的比较证明为各个的优秀同意司烧参数(在0.1%以内)。SOSVRT被测试了放射的转移建模因为对RT3的不同大气的状况,它基于双增加的方法,和结果证明SOSVRT在向量精确、更有效,特别为光薄空气,它是在极化的放射的转移模拟的最普通的盒子。SOSVRT在Fortran90被写,代码由联系作者是自由地可存取的。关键词放射的转移-极化-散布的连续顺序-散布
简介:Anobjectivetechniqueoftropicalcyclone(TC)movingdirectionpredictionovertheNorthwesternPacificOceanduring2001-2002isstudiedusingGMS-5Outing-LongwaveRadiation(OLR)data.ThreeformulaeusedtopredictTCmovingdirectionin6,12and24h,respectively,havebeenobtainedbasedonamultiplelinearregressionframeworkandsomeregressionfactorsincludingseveralkindsofOLRcharacteristicvaluesandtheminimumsealevelpressureoftropicalcyclonecenter.ThemultiplecorrelationcoefficientsofthestatisticalanalysisusingtheinformationofTCsintheYearbookonTropicalCyclonestovalidatethesatellite-basedpredictionare0.954,0.945and0.914respectively.TheresultsaresatisfyingthroughcheckingoneoftheTCsin2001.ThetechniquescouldbeappliedinfutureoperationandwouldcontributetoTCmovementprediction,especiallytoasuddenchangeinTCmovingdirectionandimprovingtheforecastingandwiningcapability.
简介:这份报纸建议我们叫作鈥渟egregated预言鈥?预言是nonstationary的气候时间系列的一条新途径。这条途径基于实验模式分解方法(EMD),它能分解一时间信号进基本摆动的部件的一个有限、通常小的数字。到这的能力接近的测试,一些预言实验为几个气候时间系列被执行。试验性的结果证明这条途径能分解气候时间系列的nonstationarity并且分离在不同模式部件之间的非线性的相互作用,它从而能改进这些原来的气候时间系列的预言精确性。关键词EMD-nonstationarity-非线性的系统-气候预言-时间系列预言
简介:TheGRAPES-TCMisusedtomakeensemblepredictionexperimentsfortyphoontrack.Threekindsofensembleschemesaredesignedfortheexperiments.Atotalof109experimentsaremadefortheninetyphoonsin2011andtheintegraltimeis72h.Theexperimentresultsareshownasfollows.Inthethreeensembleschemes,onthewhole,scheme1hasthebesttrackprediction.Itsaverageabsolutetrackerrorandoveralldeviationsoftyphoonmovingspeedandmovingdirectionareallthesmallestinthethreeschemes.Forbothscheme1andscheme2,theyareallsmallerthanthoseoftheircontrolpredictions.Bothoftheirensemblepredictionsshowsuperioritytotheirdeterministicpredictions.Overall,comparedwiththeobservations,thetyphoonmovingdirectionsofthethreeschemesmainlyskewtotheright,andinthelateintegrationtheymainlytendtoberelativelyslow.Inthethreeschemes,thetrackdispersionofscheme1isthelargestandthatofscheme3thesmallest.Inscheme1itismuchlargerthaninschemes2and3.Thedifferenceofdispersionbetweenscheme2andscheme3issmall.Thetrackdispersionsofthethreeschemesareallmuchsmallerthantheirrationaldispersions.Comparedwiththeeightdomesticandoverseasoperationalnumericalweatherprediction(NWP)models,scheme1hasbetterpredictionsthantheothersevenoperationalmodelsexceptECMWFNWPmodel.Scheme1hasthevalueofoperationalapplication.
简介:Addressingthedifficultiesofscatteredandsparseobservationaldatainoceanscience,anewinterpolationtechniquebasedoninformationdiffusionisproposedinthispaper.Basedonafuzzymappingidea,sparsedatasamplesarediffusedandmappedintocorrespondingfuzzysetsintheformofprobabilityinaninterpolationellipsemodel.Toavoidtheshortcomingofnormaldiffusionfunctionontheasymmetricstructure,akindofasymmetricinformationdiffusionfunctionisdevelopedandacorrespondingalgorithm-ellipsemodelfordiffusionofasymmetricinformationisestablished.ThroughinterpolationexperimentsandcontrastanalysisoftheseasurfacetemperaturedatawithARGOdata,therationalityandvalidityoftheellipsemodelareassessed.
简介:变量领域象ens纪念品那样,南方风、带风的变量从月刊500hPa重力势高度异常场被导出。在这个工作,我们在1958的6月从每月的500-hPa重力势高度异常场和他们的变量选择原来的预言者-2001,并且由与原来的预言者分别地进行实验直角的功能(文件结束)决定全面预言者。一个downscaling预报模型基于背繁殖(BP),神经网络被全面预言者的使用造与每月有活力的扩大范围预报产品在Guangxi上在6月预言每月的降水。为比较,我们也造神经网络与一样建模的另一BP由使用在5月从500-hPa重力势高度异常场选择到1957的12月的以前的全面预言者预言ands-2000并且1月到1958的4月-2001。二个模型被测试,结果证明downscaling模型的重叠的精确基于以前的全面预言者,而是downscaling模型的预言精确性比那的好取决于每月有活力的扩大范围预报的产量。
简介:精确的海表面流动大小为理解全球水和精力周期是关键的。海洋的蒸发,是全球海洋的新鲜的水流动的一个主要部件,为预言海洋的循环和运输是有用的。全球Goddard基于卫星的表面狂暴的流动Version-2(GSSTF2;1987年7月2000年12月)正式在2001被释放的日期集合被科学界广泛地为全球精力和水周期研究使用了,并且地区性、短的时期数据分析。我们最近被NASA资助了恢复与不断地生产海表面的一致数据集的一个目的处理GSSTF数据集狂暴的流动,源于遥感数据。数据集是是reprocessed并且带新(GSSTF2b)使用改进了象最近升级的NCEP/DOE海表面温度分析那样的输入数据集,并且从传感器微波成像器(SSM/I)由遥感系统(RSS)生产了的专辑的升级的表面风和微波亮度温度V6数据集(版本6)。第二个新产品(GSSTF3)进一步被建议与一更好时间(12-h)并且空间(0.25°×0.25°)分辨率。GSSTF2b(1987年7月2008年12月)和GSSTF3(1999年7月2009年12月)将被2009年末和2011年初分别地为研究社区释放到使用。
简介:从在在一架研究飞机上的situ探针和一架垂直地指的公里波浪Doppler雷达的数据被用来学习冷季节的山论的云播种的glaciogenic的云microphysical效果。以前的研究(Geerts等,2010)证明了雷达反射率趋于在在基于地面的银碘化物(AgI)顺风的地面上面在浅层播种时期期间更高原子核发电机。这发现基于七架班机,在怀俄明(美国)在一座山上进行了,有一个不播种的时期的各个由一个播种时期列在后面。为了估计这,影响,地理上固定的飞行磁道在一座目标山上被飞,AgI生成器迎风、顺风。这篇论文为播种影响的云的进一步的证据从一样的班机检验数据。低级反射率增加是山冠迎风、云底交叉的点顺风的定义的最好的合成雷达数据表演地面。这增加能被归因于播种的AgI的主要争论是它在流动是狂暴的地面附近被限制到浅层。当云是到飞行的积云状、协调的updrafts时,然而,在二架班机期间,水平被雷达记录,播种影响作为所有尺寸箱的冰水晶集中的重要增加在飞行级的updrafts(在山峰上面的大约610m)是明显的。因为它不是明显的,播种效果显得短命冠就顺风。
简介:精确庄稼生长监视并且产量预报对食物安全和农业的持续发展重要。由遥感和庄稼生长模拟的庄稼收益评价当模特儿在庄稼生长监视并且产量预报有高度潜在的申请。然而,他们俩分别地在机制和地区性的申请有限制。因此,途径和方法论在遥感数据和庄稼生长模拟的联合上学习模型被许多研究人员担心。在这份报纸,调整了并且区域化在诺思中国的WOFOST(世界食物学习)并且由任意地使倾向的叶子散布--叶的一个模型光性质系列(SAIL-PROSFPECT)通过LAI被联合模仿土壤庄稼华盖的调整植被索引(SAVI),由哪个庄稼模型被用一个优化软件(FSEOPT)从遥感数据最小化模仿并且综合的SAVI之间的差别重新初始化。因此,地区性的remote-sensingcrop-simulation-framework-model(WSPFRS)在潜在的生产水平(最佳的土壤水条件)下面被建立。结果如下:在重新初始化以后,由使用遥感数据,开花期,和成熟日期的地区性的出现日期由WSPFRS模型模仿了比WOFOST的模仿的结果更近到测量价值;由重新初始化在拐弯绿色舞台的地区性的生物资源重量,模仿的存储机关重量的空间分发与高价值与测量收益和区域更一致与实际高产量将近一致区域。这研究是基于遥感数据在水压力生产水平开发地区性的庄稼模型的一个基础。[出版摘要]
简介:Thespring(March-April-May)rainfallovernorthernChina(SPRNC)ispredictedbyusingtheinterannualincrementapproach.DYdenotesthedifferencebetweenthecurrentyearandpreviousyears.TheseasonalforecastmodelfortheDYofSPRNCisconstructedbasedonthedatathataretakenfromthe1965-2002period(38years),inwhichsixpredictorsareavailablenolaterthanthecurrentmonthofFebruary.Thisisfavorablesothattheseasonalforecastscanbemadeonemonthahead.Then,SPRNCandthepercentageanomalyofSPRNCareobtainedbythepredictedDYofSPRNC.Themodelperformswellinthepredictionoftheinter-annualvariationoftheDYofSPRNCduring1965-2002,withacorrelationcoefficientbetweenthepredictedandobservedDYofSPRNCof0.87.Thisaccountsfor76%ofthetotalvariance,withalowvaluefortheaveragerootmeansquareerror(RMSE)of20%.Boththeresultsofthehindcastfortheperiodof2003-2010(eightyears)andthecross-validationtestfortheperiodof1965-2009(45years)illustratethegoodpredictioncapabilityofthemodel,withasmallmeanrelativeerrorof10%,anRMSEof17%andahighrateofcoherenceof87.5%forthehindcastsofthepercentageanomalyofSPRNC.
简介:Multisatellitedataisusedtoanalyzethecharacteristicsofthreeeyewallreplacementcycles(ERCs)duringthelifetimeofTyphoonMuifa(1109).Spiralrainbandsevolutions,concentriceyewall(CE)structuremodes,CEdurations,andintensitychangesarediscussedindetail.Inaddition,anERCevolutionmodelofTyphoonMuifaisgiven.Therearefourmainfindings.(1)Theouterspiralrainbandjoinsendtoendtoformtheoutereyewallafteritdisconnectsfromtheoriginal(inner)eyewall.Theinnereyewallweakensastheoutereyewallbecomesaxisymmetricandisintensified.Thecontractionoftheoutereyewallcausestheinnereyewalltodissipaterapidly.Finally,theERCendswithanannulareyewallorspiralrainbands.(2)AlthoughtheCEdurationtimesofTyphoonMuifa’sthreeERCscoveredalargerange,theCEstructureswereallmaintainedforapproximately5hfromtheformationoftheaxisymmetricoutereyewalltotheendofthecycle.(3)Thereisnoobviousprecipitationreflectivityintheeyeormoatregionforthesubsidenceflow.Theconvectionwithinthetwoeyewallsisorganizedasaradiallyoutwardslopewithincreasingheight.(4)TyphoonintensityestimationresultsbasedonADTmaynotexplaintheintensityvariationsassociatedwithERCcorrectly,whilethetyphoon’swarmcoredataretrievedfromAMSU-Aworkswell.
简介:水平通常是的在海的Axisymmetric假旋涡在传统的假数据吸收(BDA)使用了scheme.In传统的计划,旋涡不能精确地描述台风,并且演变的特定的特征真实台风被强迫不合理地适应这不变的vortex.For这个原因,有信息的假方法从分析和观察混合了的不均匀的台风在这篇论文,副热带的高度的影响也在被拿被提出
简介:TheChineseAcademyofMeteorologicalSciencesClimateSystemModel(CAMS-CSM)isanewlydevelopedglobalclimatemodelthatwillparticipateintheCoupledModelIntercomparisonProjectphase6.Basedonhistoricalsimulations(1900-2013),weevaluatethemodelperformanceinsimulatingtheobservedcharacteristicsoftheArcticclimatesystem,whichincludesairtemperature,precipitation,theArcticOscillation(AO),oceantemperature/salinity,theAtlanticmeridionaloverturningcirculation(AMOC),snowcover,andseaice.Themodel-datacomparisonsindicatethattheCAMS-CSMreproducesspatialpatternsofclimatologicalmeanairtemperatureovertheArctic(60°-90°N)andarapidwarmingtrendfrom1979to2013.However,thewarmingtrendisoverestimatedsouthoftheArcticCircle,implyingasubduedArcticamplification.ThedistributionofclimatologicalprecipitationintheArcticisbroadlycapturedinthemodel,whereasitshowslimitedskillsindepictingtheoverallincreasingtrend.TheAOcanbereproducedbytheCAMS-CSMintermsofreasonablepatternsandvariability.Regardingtheoceansimulation,themodelunderestimatestheAMOCandzonallyaveragedoceantemperaturesandsalinityaboveadepthof500m,anditfailstoreproducetheobservedincreasingtrendintheupperoceanheatcontentintheArctic.Thelarge-scaledistributionofthesnowcoverextent(SCE)intheNorthernHemisphereandtheoveralldecreasingtrendinthespringSCEarecapturedbytheCAMS-CSM,whilethebiasedmagnitudesexist.DuetotheunderestimationoftheAMOCandthepoorquantificationofair-seainteraction,theCAMS-CSMoverestimatesregionalseaiceandunderestimatestheobserveddecreasingtrendinArcticsea-iceareainSeptember.Overall,theCAMS-CSMreproducesaclimatologicaldistributionoftheArcticclimatesystemandgeneraltrendsfrom1979to2013comparedwiththeobservations,butitshowslimitedskillsinmodelinglocaltrendsandinterannualvariability.
简介:Thedifferencesintheclimatologyofextratropicaltransition(ET)ofwesternNorthPacifictropicalcyclones(TCs)wereinvestigatedinthisstudyusingtheTCsbest-trackdatasetsofChinaMeteorologicalAdministration(CMA),JapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMA)andtheJointTyphoonWarningCenter(JTWC).TheresultsshowthattheETidentification,ETcompletiontime,andpost-ETdurationreportedintheJTWCdatasetaregreatlydifferentfromthoseinCMAandJMAdatasetsduring2004-2010.However,thekeydifferencesbetweentheCMAandJMAdatasetsfrom1951to2010aretheETidentificationandthepost-ETduration,becauseofinconsistentobjectiveETcriteriausedinthecenters.FurtheranalysisindicatesthatannualETpercentageofCMAwaslowerthanthatofJMA,andexhibitedaninterannualdecreasingtrend,whilethatofJMAwasanunchangedtrend.ThewesternNorthPacificETeventsoccurredmainlyduringtheperiodJunetoNovember.ThelatitudeofEToccurrenceshiftednorthwardfromFebruarytoAugust,followedbyasouthwardshift.MostofETeventswereobservedbetween35°Nand45°N.Fromaregionalperspective,TCstendedtoundergoETinJapanandtheoceaneasttoit.ItisfoundthatTCswhichexperiencedtheETprocessathigherlatitudesweregenerallymoreintenseattheETcompletiontime.TCscompletingtheEToverlandoroffshorewereweakerthanthosefinishingtheETovertheocean.MostoftheTCsweakened24hbeforethecompletionofET.Incontrast,21%(27%)oftheTCsshowedanintensificationprocessbasedontheCMA(JMA)datasetduringthepost-ETperiod.TheresultspresentedinthisstudyindicatethatconsistentETdeterminationcriteriaareneededtoreducetheuncertaintyinvolvedinETidentificationamongthecenters.