简介：Differentfromthetraditionalone-dimensionalextremevaluestatisticalmethod,practicaldesigncriteriafornearshorestructuredesignarepresentedbasedonjointprobabilitytheoryinthispaper.Theproposedprocedureconsidersthecombinedeffectoftidelevel,hugewavesandwindaffectingcoastalstructures.TheImportanceSamplingProcedure(ISP)isutilizedtosolvethejointdistributionofnon-Gaussiancorrelatedmultivariatedistributions.ThecalculationresultsshowthattheISPisasimulatingtechniquewiththeadvantagesofefficiencyandhighconvergency.Finallytheenvironmentalconditionsaregivenusingthistechniquefornear-shorestructuredesignintheQingdaoarea.

简介：在华南海(SCS)的海条件的统计描述被分析调查一30年(1976-2005)每天数字地模仿了波浪高度和风速度数据。月刊这些参数的变化显示出那波浪高度和风速度有最小在12月分别地在5月和2.04m和8.12ms1,的山峰价值分别地0.54m和4.15ms1,珍视。高度和风速度和年度、季节、每月的吝啬的海的随后的描述基于这些说的每日的波浪的统计分析参数也是做。结果出现那一般来说，细微的海国家在SCS占优势并且将近在所有季节和月有最高的出现。当时，中等的海条件在12月和1月的冬季月内占优势光滑(小浪)海状态在5月占优势。而且，海状态的空间变化显示出那平静并且平静的海面条件在南部的SCS有高出现(25%-80%)。细微的海条件在SCS的大多数部分上显示出最大的出现(25%-55%)。不平、很不平的海的高出现(8%-17%)在中央SCS在一些区域上散布。到非凡的条件的从高度的海状态显示出稀罕出现(<12%)在北SCS。平静(玻璃质)海状况不在SCS显示出出现。

简介：Thestudyarealiesinthesubaqueousdelta,whichcameintobeingin1964～1976.Oneoil-fieldroadhasbeenbuiltforexploringpetroleumtoformawavebarrier.Thehydrodynamicconditionsonthenorthsideoftheroadarerelativelyviolent,onthecontrarythehydrodynamicconditionsonthesouthsideoftheroadarenearlyplacid.Thismakesthestudyareaanaturallaboratoryforstudyingtheinfluenceofthehydrodynamicconditionsonthefractalcharacteristicsofthetidalflat.SelectinganareaisnamedCaseⅠonthesideofstrongerhydrodynamicactivitiesandanareaisnamedCaseⅡontheotherside.Measuringthetopographyandsamplingandanalyzingthegranulometricalcomposition,itisfoundthatthehydrodynamicconditionshavefatalinfluenceonthesurfacefractaldimensionsandthegranulometricalfractaldimensionsofthearea.InCaseⅠ,whichhasstronghydrodynamicconditions,thesurfacefractaldimensionsareobviouslylargerthanthoseofCaseⅡ,andthegranulometricalfractaldimensionsarerelativelysmallerthanthoseofCaseⅡ,thesurfacefractaldimensionsofCaseⅠdecreasequicklywiththeincreaseofgridsize;thegranulometricalfractaldimensionsaredisperse,whilethehydrodynamicconditionsofCaseⅡarejustreverse.Asamplinglineandacoresamplingoneachsideoftheroadareselected.Itisfoundthatonthesouthsideoftheroadthegranulometricalfractaldimensionsvaryregularlyinthelineandwiththedepth,thefartherapartfromtheroad,thesmallerthefractaldimensions,andthedeeperthesamplingpositionthelargerthefractaldimensions,whilegranulometricalfractaldimensionsonthenorthsideoftheroadhavenosuchregularitypattern.Themechanismoftheinfluenceofthehydrodynamicconditionsonthefractalcharacteristicsisdiscussed.

简介：TheChukchiandBeaufortSeasincludeseveralimportanthydrologicalfeatures:inflowofthePacificwater,Alaskacoastcurrent(ACC),theseasonaltoperennialseaicecover,andlandfasticealongtheAlaskancoast.Thedynamicsofthiscoupledice-oceansystemisimportantforbothregionalscaleoceanographyandlarge-scaleglobalclimatechangeresearch.AnumberofmooringsweredeployedintheareabyJAMSTECsince1992,andthedatarevealedhighlyvariablecharacteristicsofthehydrologicalenvironment.Aregionalhigh-resolutioncoupledice-oceanmodeloftheChukchiandBeaufortSeaswasestablishedtosimulatetheice-oceanenvironmentanduniqueseasonallandfasticeinthecoastalBeaufortSea.ThemodelresultsreproducedtheBeaufortgyreandtheACC.Thedepth-averagedannualmeanoceancurrentsalongtheBeaufortSeacoastandshelfbreakcomparedwellwithdatafromfourmooredADCPs,butthesimulatedvelocityhadsmallerstandarddeviations,whichindicatesmall-scaleeddieswerefrequentintheregion.Themodelresultscapturedtheseasonalvariationsofseaiceareaascomparedwithremotesensingdata,andthesimulatedseaicevelocityshowedanalmoststationaryareaalongtheBeaufortSeacoastthatwassimilartotheobservedlandfasticeextent.Itisthecombinedeffectsoftheweakoceaniccurrentnearthecoast,aprevailingwindwithanonshorecomponent,theoppositedirectionoftheoceancurrent,andtheblockingbythecoastlinethatmaketheBeaufortSeacoastalareaspronetotheformationoflandfastice.

简介：雨效果和缺乏在situ确认，数据是热带气旋风检索错误的二个主要原因。国家海洋、大气的政府气候预言中心Morphing技术(CMORPH)雨率被介绍给配对数据集然后放进一个雨修正模型在Jason-1上移开雨效果规范的雷达十字节(NRCS)；飓风研究部门(HRD)风速度，集成所有可得到的表面天气观察，被用来在situ数据代替与Jason-1NRCS建立这种关系。然后，在热带气旋条件下面的一个改进Jason-1风检索算法被建议。从2003～2010的七热带气旋被学习验证新算法。试验性的结果显示在C乐队和Ku乐队的这个算法的标准差分别地是1.99和2.75m/s，它比存在算法好。另外，C乐队算法比在热带气旋条件下面的Ku乐队对海表面风检索更合适。

简介：Stiffnessdegradationwilloccurduetothegenerationofaccumulatedporepressureinsaturatedsoftclaysundercyclicloading.Thesoilstatic-dynamicmulti-purposetriaxialandtorsionalshearapparatusinDalianUniversityofTechnologywasemployedtoperformdifferenttypesoftestonthesaturatedsoftmarineclayintheYangtzeEstuary.Undisturbedsamplesoftheclayweresubjectedtoundrainedcyclicverticalandtorsionalcouplingshearandcyclictorsionalshearafterthree-directionalanisotropicconsolidationwithdifferentinitialconsolidationparameters.Investigatedweretheeffectsoftheinitialorientationangleofthemajorprincipalstress,initialratioofdeviatoricstress,initialcoefficientofintermediateprincipalstressandcontinuousrotationofprincipalstressaxesonthestiffnessdegradation.Itisfoundthatthedegradationindexdecreases(ordegradationdegreeincreases)significantlywithincreasinginitialorientationangleofthemajorprincipalstressandinitialratioofdeviatoricstress.Comparedwiththeeffectsoftheinitialorientationangleofthemajorprincipalstressandinitialratioofdeviatoricstress,theeffectofinitialcoefficientofintermediateprincipalstressislessevidentandthistrendismoreclearlyreflectedbytheresultsofthecyclictorsionalshearteststhanthoseofthecycliccouplingsheartests.Atthesamecyclenumber,thedegradationindexobtainedfromthecyclictorsionalsheartestishigherthanthatfromthecycliccouplingsheartest.Themainreasonisthatthecontinuousrotationinprincipalstressdirectionsduringcycliccouplingsheardamagestheoriginalstructureofthesoilmorethanthecyclictorsionalsheardoes.Basedonaseriesofexperiments,amathematicalmodelforstiffnessdegradationisproposedandtherelevantparametersaredetermined.

简介：AnumericalwaveflumeisconstructedbasedontheReynoldsAveragedNavier-Stokes(RANS)equationswithturbulenceclosurebyamodifiedk-εmodeltostudytheviscousinteractionsofwaveswithverticalbreakwatersfordifferentovertoppingcases.Thegoverningequations,theturbulencemodel,boundaryconditions,andsolutionmethodforthenumericalwaveflumeareintroducedbriefly.Thereliabilityofthenumericalwaveflumeisexaminedbycomparingthenumericalresultswiththeexperimentalmeasurements,andgoodagreementsbetweenthemindicatethevalidityofthepresentmodel.Thedevelopmentsofmeanvelocityfields,thecontoursofvorticity,andtheinfluencesofwavenonlinearityonturbulencefieldaswavepassingthroughverticalbreakwatersarediscussedindetailbasedonthenumericalresults.Itisnotedthatthevorticesattherearofthelowersubmergedbreakwaterareclosetothebottomandmaybeinducethescouringtotheleesidetoeofmarinestructureinpractice.Overall,aconclusioncanbeobtainedfromthisstudythattheturbulenceinwavefieldaroundstructureisinduceddirectlybythedevelopmentofboundarylayeronthesolidboundary,thenonlinearinteractionoffreesurfacewithobstacle,andtheplungingofovertoppingwaves.

简介：Toobtainthemaximumangiotensin-Iconvertingenzyme(ACE)inhibitoryactivity,theproteinhydrolysisconditionsofthejellyfishRhopilemahispidumwereoptimizedusingresponsesurfacemethodology(RSM).TrypsinwasselectedtoproduceR.hispidumproteinhydrolysates(RPH)withACEinhibitoryactivity.TheoptimalparametersforproducingproteinhydrolysateswiththehighestACEinhibitoryactivitywereasfollows:hydrolysistime5h,hydrolysistemperature50℃,andtheenzyme-to-substrateratio6%.Undertheseconditions,theACEinhibitoryrateofRPHcouldreach64.28%±5.72%.Inaddition,RPHcontainedhighlevelsofGly,Glu,Pro,Ala,AspandArg,withamolecularweightdistributionrangeof0.32–6.84kDa.ThefollowingthreenovelACEinhibitorypeptideswereisolatedandidentified:Ile-Gly-Glu-Thr-Gly-Pro,Gly-Ala-Thr-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Tyr-ValandGly-Ala-Phe-Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly-Leu-Val-Gly-Arg-Pro.TheIC50valuesoftheACEinhibitoryactivityofthesethreepurifiedpeptideswere19.07,27.42and31.26μmolL^-1,respectively.TheseresultssuggestedthatproteinsandpeptidesisolatedfromR.hispidumcouldbeutilizedasantihypertensivefunctionalfoodsources.

简介：Inthisstudy,thestatisticalcharacterizationofseaconditionsintheEastChinaSea（ECS）isinvestigatedbyanalyzingasignificantwaveheightandwindspeeddataata6-hourintervalfor30years（1980–2009）,whichwassimulatedandcomputedusingtheWAVEWATCHⅢ（WW3）model.Themonthlyvariationsoftheseparametersshowedthatthesignificantwaveheightandwindspeedhaveminimumvaluesof0.73mand5.15ms~（-1）and1.73mand8.24ms~（-1）inthemonthofMayandDecember,respectively.Theannual,seasonal,andmonthlymeanseastatecharacterizationsshowedthattheslightseagenerallyprevailedintheECSandhadnearlythehighestoccurrenceinallseasonsandmonths.Additionally,themoderateseaprevailedinthewintermonthsofDecemberandJanuary,whilethesmooth（wavelets）seaprevailedinMay.Furthermore,thespatialvariationofseastatesshowedthatthecalmandsmoothseahadthelargestoccurrencesinthenorthernECS.Theslightseaoccurredmostly（above30%）inpartsoftheECSandthesurroundinglocations,whilehigheroccurrencesoftheroughandveryroughseasweredistributedinwatersbetweenthesouthwestECSandthenortheastSouthChinaSea（SCS）.TheoccurrencesofthephenomenalseaconditionsareinsignificantandaredistributedinthenorthwestPacificanditsupperregion,whichincludestheSouthernKyushu-PalauRidgeandRyukyuTrench.

简介：Inordertoanalyzetheice-goingship’sperformanceunderthepackiceconditions,syntheticicewasintroducedintoatowingtank.Abarrierusingfloatingcylinderinthetowingtankwasdesignedtocarryouttheresistanceexperiment.Thetestresultsindicatedthattheencounteringfrequencybetweentheshipmodelandthepackiceshiftstowardsahigh-velocitypointastheconcentrationofthepackiceincreases,andthisencounteringfrequencycreatesanunstableregionoftheresistance,andtheunstableregionshiftstothehigherspeedwiththeincreasingconcentration.Theresultsalsoshowedthatforthesamespeedpoints,theratioofthepackiceresistancetotheopenwaterresistanceincreaseswiththeincreasingconcentration,andforthesameconcentrations,thisratiodecreasesasthespeedincreases.Motioncharacteristicsshowedthatthemeanvalueoftheheavemotionincreasesasthespeedincreases,andthepitchmotiontendstoincreasewiththeincreasingspeed.Inaddition,thetotalresistanceofthefullscalewaspredicted.

简介：Harmfulalgalblooms(HABs)haveledtoextensiveecologicalandenvironmentalissuesandhugeeconomiclosses.VariousHABcontroltechniqueshavebeendeveloped,andbiologicalmethodshavebeenpaidmoreattention.Algicidalbacteriaisageneraldesignationforbacteriawhichinhibitalgalgrowthinadirectorindirectmanner,andkillordamagethealgalcells.AmetabolitewhichisstronglytoxictothedinoflagellateAlexandriumtamarensewasproducedbystrainDH46ofthealga-lysingbacteriumAlteromonassp.Thecultureconditionswereoptimizedusingasingle-factortestmethod.Factorsincludingcarbonsource,nitrogensource,temperature,initialpHvalue,rotationalspeedandsalinitywerestudied.Theresultsshowedthatthecultivationofthebacteriaat28℃and180rmin-1withinitialpH7and30saltcontcentrationfavoredboththecellgrowthandthelysingeffectofstrainDH46.TheoptimalmediumcompositionforstrainDH46wasdeterminedbymeansofuniformdesignexperimentation,andthemostimportantcomponentsinfluencingthecelldensityweretryptone,yeastextract,solublestarch,NaNO3andMgSO4.Whenthefollowingculturemediumwasused(tryptone14.0g,yeastextract1.63g,solublestarch5.0g,NaNO31.6g,MgSO42.3gin1L),thelargestbacterialdryweight(7.36gL-1)wasobtained,whichwasanenhancementof107%comparedtotheinitialmedium;andthealgallysisratewasashighas98.4%whichincreasednearly10%afteroptimization.