简介:AstochasticmodelfordailyprecipitationsimulationinChinawasdevelopedbasedontheframeworkofa′Richardson-type′weathergeneratorthatisanimportanttoolinstudyingimpactsofweather/climateonavarietyofsystemsincludingecosystemandriskassessment.ThepurposeofthisworkistodevelopaweathergeneratorforapplicationsinChina.Thefocusisonprecipitationsimulationsincedeterminationofotherweathervariablessuchastemperatureisdependentonprecipitationsimulation.AframeworkoffirstorderMarkovChainwithGammaDistributionfordailyprecipitationisadoptedinthiswork.Basedonthisframework,fourparametersofprecipitationsimulationforeachmonthat672stationsalloverChinaweredeterminedusingdailyprecipitationdatafrom1961to2000.Comparedwithpreviousworks,ourestimationfortheparameterswasmadeformorestationsandlongerobservations,whichmakestheweathergeneratormoreapplicableandreliable.Spatialdistributionsofthefourparametersareanalyzedinaregionalclimatecontext.Theseasonalvariationsoftheseparametersatfivestationsrepresentingregionaldifferencesarediscussed.Basedontheestimatedmonthlyparametersat672stations,dailyprecipitationsforanyperiodcanbesimulated.A30-yearsimulationwasmadeandcomparedwithobservationsduring1971-2000intermsofannualandmonthlystatistics.Theresultsaresatisfactory,whichdemonstratestheusefulnessoftheweathergenerator.
简介:通过水培实验,模拟了湿地中6种植物芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)、水葱(Scirpusvalidus)、香根草(Vetiveriazizanioides)、香蒲(Typhaorientalis)、美人蕉(Cannaindica)和黄花鸢尾(Irispseudacorus)对盐分胁迫的生理生态响应,评估了6种植物的脱盐潜力;在此基础上,测定相对耐盐能力较强的芦苇、香根草、香蒲和美人蕉体内不同器官的钠和钾含量,初步探讨了这4种植物的耐盐机理。实验结果表明,在盐分胁迫下,水葱和黄花鸢尾有死亡现象,芦苇、香根草和美人蕉都有新芽长出,部分美人蕉植株根部颜色变深,香蒲未长出新植株,但无死亡和枯萎等现象;香蒲的株高增长率最大,黄花鸢尾的株高增长率最小;培养香蒲和美人蕉的溶液的电导率减幅最大,芦苇、香根草、香蒲和美人蕉的耐盐能力和脱盐潜力相对较强;芦苇、香根草、香蒲和美人蕉不同器官对钠和钾的吸收积累能力差异较大,但是整棵植株的K/Na值在盐分胁迫时都减小,更深层次的耐盐机理还有待进一步研究。