简介:ThispaperinvestigatesthedesignofdigitalSigma-DeltaModulator(SDM)forfractional-Nfrequencysynthesizer.CharacteristicsofSDMsarecomparedthroughtheoryanalysisandsimulation.Thecurveofmaximum-loop-bandwidthvs.maximum-phase-noiseissuggestedtobeanewcriteriontotheperformanceofSDM,whichgreatlyhelpsdesignerstoselectanappropriateSDMstructuretomeettheirrealapplicationrequirementsandtoreducethecostaslowaspossible.Alow-spur3-orderMul-tistageNoiseShaping(MASH)-1-1-1SDMusingthree2-bitfirst-ordercascadedmodulatorsisproposed,whichbalancestherequirementsoftone-freeandmaximumoperationfrequency.
简介:Thevoltagecontrolledoscillator-based(VCO-based)continuous-timedelta-sigma(CTDS)analogtodigitalconverter(ADC)suffersfromnonlinearityandmismatchinitsfeedbacknetwork.Anewfeedbacknetworkconsistingofaphaseshifterisproposed.Thephaseshifterreplacesthedigitaltoanalogconverter(DAC)intheproposedarchitecture.Feasibilityoftheproposedideaisdiscussedanditshigherperformanceisillustratedthroughabehavioralsimulationapproach(CppSim).Wehavealsodevelopedthephaseshifterasavariableall-passfilterintheClanguage.ThenonlinearityandmismatchofthesystemcausedbyDACismitigated,resultinginhighersignaltonoiseratio(SNR)andsignaltonoiseanddistortionratio(SNDR),respectively.
简介:Theoperationprincipleofanarrayedwaveguidegrating(AWG)multiplexerisintroducedandthe4×4AWGwithfollowingdesignparametersisdiscussedindetail,suchasthechoiceofwavelength,theneighboringarrayedwaveguidedistanceΔL,thechannelfrequencyintervalΔf,andthefreespectralrange.Thestructureof4×4AWGisdesignedandtheresultofstimulatedtestisalsogiven.Analysisshowsthatthe4×4AWGischaracterizedbyawidedynamicrange,lowcrosstalk,betterspectrumproperties,andacompactstructure.
简介:UsingdoublecrystalX-raysdiffraction(DCXRD)andatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM),theresultsofGexSi1-xgrownUHV/CVDfromSi2H6andSiH4areanalyzedandcompared.Adsorbatescanmigratetotheenergy-favoringpositionduetotheslowgrowthratefromSiH4.Inthiscase,aSibufferthatisolatestheeffectofsubstrateonepilayercouldnotbegrown,whichresultsinapitpenetratingintoepilayerandbuffer.TheFWHMis0.055°inDCXRDfromSiH4.Thepresenceofdiffractionfringesisanindicationofanexcellentcrystallinequality,TheroughnessofthesurfaceisimprovedifgrownbySi2H6:however,thecrystalqualityoftheGex2Si1-xmaterialbecameworsethanthatfromSiH4duetomuchlargergrowthratefromSi2H6.ThecontentofGeisobtainedfromDCXRD,whichindicatesthegrowthratefromSi2H6islargest,thenGeH4andthatfromSiH4isleast.
简介:
简介:Anovellow-cost4-elementplanararrayantennadirectlyfedbyacoaxialcableforUltra-WideBand(UWB)applicationispresented.Theproposedantennaconsistsof2×2bowtieelementsandasimple1:4powerdividerfeedingnetwork.Comparedtothebasicbowtieelement,theimpedancebandwidthofthearrayantennahasasignificantimprovementthatthelowcut-offfrequencyisextendedfrom6GHzofthebowtieelementto2GHz.Themeasuredresultsshowthattheproposedantennahasalargebandwidthof2GHzto11GHzforVoltageStandingWaveRatio(VSWR)<2,andexhibitsabidirectionalradiationpatternandamodestgainacrosstheoperatingbandandapeakgainofabout9dBiat11GHz.
简介:军用宽带移动通信技术与民用第三代移动通信(3G)和第四代移动通信(4G)技术相比,其发展缓慢。现有军用移动通信主要依靠短波、超短波及通信卫星等手段,对多媒体新型业务支持较弱,难以满足新一代指挥信息系统的需求。首先,介绍了4G宽带移动通信主流体制长期演进计划的后续演进(LTE—A)关键技术;然后,分析了4G技术的军事应用优势以及存在问题;最后,展望了未来4G移动通信军事应用。
简介:Organicmultiplequantumwells(OMQWs)consistingofalternatinglayersoforganicmaterialshavebeenfabricatedfromtris(8-hdroxyquinoline)aluminum(Alq)and2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tertbutylphenyl)-1,3,3-oxadiazole(PBD)byamultisource-typehigh-vacuumorganicmoleculardeposition.Fromthesmall-angleX-raydiffractionpatternsofAlq/PBDOMQWs,aperiodicallylayeredstructureisconfirmedthroughtheentirestack.TheAlqlayerthicknessintheOMQWswasvariedfrom1nmto4nm.Fromtheopticalaborption,photoluminescenceandelectroluminescencemeasurements,itisfoundthattheexcitonenergyshiftstohigherenergywithdecreasingAlqlayerthickness,ThechangesoftheexcitonenergycouldbeinterpretedastheconfinementeffectsofexcitonintheAlqthinlayers.Narrowingoftheemissionspectrumhasalsobeenobservedfortheelectroluminescentdevices(ELDs)withtheOMQWsstructureatroomtemperature.