简介：Securityofsmarttechnologieslikesmartgridsandcrowdenergysystemscannotrelyonlyontechnicalsolutions,humansplayasignificantroleinfailure,securityculture,informationsecurity,cybersecurity,trustandsharing,andperceptionsandconcern.Thispaperinvestigatessecurityissuesinsmarttechnologiesandtherelatedroleofhumanfailure,whetheritisintentionalorunintentional.Methodsthathelpreducingthisfailurearediscussed.Ahumanorientedframeworkforfailurereductionispresentedinordertoenhancesecurity.IndexTermsCrowdenergy,humanrole,intentionalfailure,security,smartgrids,unintentionalfailure.1.IntroductionManystateofthearttechnologiesaretaggedwiththe'smart'label.Ingeneralunderstandingthismeansinterconnectedness,interactivityand4.0automation,i.e.theapplicationofsensorsandinformationandcommunicationtechnology(SICT)andprocessinganever-changingandexpandingdata/knowledgebase.Fromahigherpointofview'smart'standsbutformorethanjusttheabove-mentionedtechnicalaspects;alsoandinparticularsocial,political,economicandecologicalaspectswillbeaddressed.Thismeansthat'smartmeetschallengestoimprovesustainablewelfare'[1].Inthissense,forexample,thetermsmartgridaddressesnotonlythecommunicativeinterconnectionandcontroloftheentitiesofapowersystem,i.e.technology,butpreciselyalsosustainability,conservationofresources,renewability,andefficiency.Securityhasbeenveryimportantfornewtechnologiesandsystemslikeelectricalgridsandpowerplants.Theseneedtobesecuredcarefullybecauseweaknessesinthesecuritymightleadtopartialdamageandreductionofserviceinseveralways.Inextremecasesdestructioncanhap-

简介：Anultrahighvacuumchemicalvapordeposition(UHV/CVD)systemisintroduced.SiGealloysandSiGe/Simultiplequantumwells(MQWs)havebeengrownbycold-wallUHV/CVDusingdisilane(Si2H6)andgermane(GeH4)asthereactantgasesonSi(100)substrates.ThegrowthrateandGecontentsinSiGealloysarestudiedatdifferenttemperatureanddifferentgasflow.ThegrowthrateofSiGealloyisdecreasedwiththeincreaseofGeH4flowathightemperature.X-raydiffractionmeasurementshowsthatSiGe/SiMQWshavegoodcrystallinity,sharpinterfaceanduniformity.Nodislocationisfoundintheobservationoftransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)ofSiGe/SiMQWs.TheaveragedeviationofthethicknessandthefractionofGeinsingleSiGealloysampleare3.31%and2.01%,respectively.

简介：Multimode干扰(MMI)设备广泛地在平面lightwave电路(PLC)被使用。设备长度能很好与逐渐变细的multimode区域被减少。传统的设计公式基于弱限制的波导为MMI设备显示出大错误。作为波导宽度的替换与模式宽度基于分析，有更好的精确的一个设计公式被介绍。有软件模拟的比较验证了它的精确。CLC数字TN256

简介：Thispaperpresentsahumandetectionsysteminavision-basedhospitalsurveillanceenvironment.Thesystemiscomposedofthreesubsystems,i.e.backgroundsegmentationsubsystem(BSS),humanfeatureextractionsubsystem(HFES),andhumanrecognitionsubsystem(HRS).ThecodebookbackgroundmodelisappliedintheBSS,thehistogramoforientedgradients(HOG)featuresareusedintheHFES,andthesupportvectormachine(SVM)classificationisemployedintheHRS.Bymeansoftheintegrationofthesesubsystems,thehumandetectioninavision-basedhospitalsurveillanceenvironmentisperformed.Experimentalresultsshowthattheproposedsystemcaneffectivelydetectmostofthepeopleinhospitalsurveillancevideosequences.

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简介：Quantumdotlasershaveexcellentcharacteristicssuchastimperaturestabilityofthresholdcurrentandultra-highmaterialgain.Quantumdotstructuresfabricatedbyself-organizedgrowthhavehighcrystallineperfection,highquantumyieldofradiativerecombinationandhighsizehomogeneity.Mainadvantagesandoperatingpropertiesofquantumdotalsersfabricatedbyself-organizedgrowtharebrieflyintroduced.

简介：这份报纸建议调节叉回转仪(M-TFG)到decouple的micromachined的一个改进图案在更好并且到增加分辨率驾驶并且察觉到指示之间的生气谈话。由采用双褶层的春天暂停，开车模式和感觉模式是机械地decoupled。通过双褶层的春天暂停和开车梳子的地点的小心的布局设计，机械联合效果被从察觉孤立讨厌的刺激进一步减少。优秀因素调查证明那个高质量的因素能被使用这结构达到，它能引进精确分辨率。作为结果，这个图案有潜力为起始的水平应用程序完成低偏爱飘移和精确分辨率。

简介：ThepurposeofthispaperistoconstructanorthogonalArmletmulti-waveletswithmul-tiplicityranddilationfactora.Firstly,thedefinitionofArmletswithdilationfactoraisproposedinthispaper.BasedontheTwo-scaleSimilarTransform(TST),thenotionofthePara-unitaryA-scaleSimilarTransform(PAST)isintroduced,andwealsogivethetransformonthealltwo-scalematrixsymbolsofthemulti-waveletswithdilationa.ThenweshowthatthePASTandthetransformonthematrixsymbolsofthemulti-waveletskeeptheorthogonalityofthemulti-waveletssystem.Wediscusstheconditionthatmulti-waveletscorrespondingtothemulti-scalingfunctionsareallArmlets.AfterperformingthePASTandthetransformonthematrixsymbolsofthemulti-wavelets,themulti-scalingfunctioncanbebalancedandthecorrespondingmulti-waveletscanbeArmletsatthesametime.TheconstructionofArmletswithhighorderisalsodiscussed.Atlast,byagivenexample,wecanconcludethatthealgorithmisfeasibleandefficient.

简介：DuringthecrystalgrownbyVBM,thesolid/liquidinterfaceconfigurationsgreatlyinfluencethequalityofas-growncrystals.Inthispaper,finiteelementmethod(FEM)wasusedtosimulatethegrowthprocessofCdZnTecrystal.Theeffectsofdifferentcruciblemovingratesandtemperaturegradientofadiabaticzoneoncrystalgrowthrateandsolid-liquidinterfaceonfigurationwerestudiedaswell.Simulationresultsshowthatwhencruciblemovesattherateofabout1mm/h,whichisnearlyequaltocrystalgrowthrate,nearlyflatsolid/liquidinterfaceandlittlevariationofaxialtemperaturegradientnearitcanbeattained,whicharewellconsistentwiththeresultsofexperiments.CdZnTecrystalwithlowdislocationdensitycanbebtainedbyemployingappropriatecruciblemovingrateduringthecrystalgrowthprocess.

简介：Thispaperpresentsahumanactionrecognitionmethod.Itanalyzesthespatio-temporalgridsalongthedensetrajectoriesandgeneratesthehistogramoforientedgradients(HOG)andhistogramofopticalflow(HOF)todescribetheappearanceandmotionofthehumanobject.Then,HOGcombinedwithHOFisconvertedtobag-of-words(BoWs)bythevocabularytree.Finally,itappliesrandomforesttorecognizethetypeofhumanaction.Intheexperiments,KTHdatabaseandURADLdatabasearetestedfortheperformanceevaluation.Comparingwiththeotherapproaches,weshowthatourapproachhasabetterperformancefortheactionvideoswithhighinter-classandlowinter-classvariabilities.IndexTermsBag-of-words(BoWs),densetrajectories,histogramofopticalflow(HOF),histogramoforientedgradient(HOG),randomforest,vocabularytree.

简介：在HSV颜色空间的人的皮肤的特征广泛地基于内容在图象检索的区域被使用。因为它的价值为肤色有一个狭窄的范围，H作为基本识别参数被选择并且当照明紧张或皮肤表面的弯曲正在变化时，能保持稳定。有在HSV颜色空格的照明的变化的参数的规则被学习。当照明紧张被改变时，/2能使稳定的浸透和价值或皮肤表面(S+V)的平均数被变化，这第一被发现，并且(S+V)/2随着肤色变化，但是变化的趋势与H的相反。因此，(S+V)/H能被用作能提高HSV能力认出人的皮肤的一个新识别参数。CLC数字TN911.73

简介：All-opticalregeneratorscanbeusedtosuppressamplifiedspontaneousemission(ASE)noiseintroducedbycascadederbiumdopedfiberamplifiers(EDFAs)inopticalfibercommunicationsystemsandleadtotheimprovementofopticalreceiversensitivity.ByintroducingtheQ-factortransferfunction(QTF),weevaluatetheQ-factorperformanceofdegeneratefour-wavemixing(DFWM)regeneratorswithclockpumpandrevealthedifferencesbetweentheoptimalinputpowersdeterminedfromthestaticanddynamicpowertranferfunction(PTF)andtheQTFcurves.Oursimulationshowsthattheclock-pumpregneratoriscapableofimprovingtheQ-facorandreceiversensitivityfor40Gbit/sASE-degradedreturn-to-zeroon-offkeying(RZ-OOK)signalby2.58dBand4.2dB,respectively.

简介：ToovercometheshortcomingsoftheLeeimageenhancementalgorithmanditsimprovementbasedonthelogarithmicimageprocessing(LIP)model,thispaperproposeswhatwebelievetobeaneffectiveimageenhancementalgorithm.Thisalgorithmintroducesfuzzyentropy,makesfulluseofneighborhoodinformation,fuzzyinformationandhumanvisualcharacteristics.Toenhanceanimage,thispaperfirstcarriesoutthereasonablefuzzy-3partitionofitshistogramintothedarkregion,intermediateregionandbrightregion.Itthenextractsthestatisticalcharacteristicsofthethreeregionsandadaptivelyselectstheparameterαaccordingtothestatisticalcharacteristicsoftheimage’sgray-scalevalues.Italsoaddsausefulnonlineartransform,thusincreasingtheubiquityofthealgorithm.Finally,thecausesforthegray-scalevalueovercorrectionthatoccursinthetraditionalimageenhancementalgorithmsareanalyzedandtheirsolutionsareproposed.Thesimulationresultsshowthatourimageenhancementalgorithmcaneffectivelysuppressthenoiseofanimage,enhanceitscontrastandvisualeffect,sharpenitsedgeandadjustitsdynamicrange.

简介：Theprogramprocessofthelongitudinalimpurityprofileintroducedinthequantumwell(QW)laserandmicrowaveelectronicmaterialsinanalysed,basedonthegrowthsystembymetalorganicchemicalvapordeposition(MOCVD)andmicrowaveelectronicmaterialsandchloridevaporphaseepitaxy(VPE).Thequantitativesolutionofthefinallongitudinaldirectionimpuritydistributionusingthemathematicalphysicsmodelofimpuritycarrier-gastransportdriftandrediffusioningrowthprocesswascarriedout.Atechnologyforgivingareferencetogrownimputityprofileofabruptdopinganduniformlongitudinaldirectionbasedonthetheoryispresented.

简介：GaNmicrocrystallinegrainsweregrownbyhot-wallchemicalvapordepositiononSi(111)substrate.Thesegrainswithdiametersof2-4μmweredetectedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy.X-raydiffraction,Fouriertransformationinfraredtransmissionspectroscopyandphotoluminescencewereusedtoanalyzethestructure,compositionandtheopticalpropertiesofthesamples.TheresultsshowthatthemicrocrystallinegrainsarehexagonalwurtziteGaN,andthepropertyofthegrainswasgreatlyaffectedbythegrowthtime.

简介：Thisletterstudiesandanalyzestheworkingfeaturesofmaincircuitoftri-levelboostPowerFactorCorrect(PFC)converterandtheadvantagesoftri-levelswitchconverterinaspectsofbearinghigh-voltageofpowercomponents,overallsystemlossandmagneticcomponentselectionbaseduponthesingle-levelboostPFCswitchconverter.Besides,relyingontheapplicationofmi-croprocessorinpowerconvertertechnologyandDSP(DigitalSignalProcessing)chip'sstrongcal-culatingcapacity,theletterpresentstheadoptionofmodifiedschemeoftri-levelboostPFCconverterunderthecontrolofpredictivecontrolalgorithm.Moreover,theoperatingprincipleandcontrolmethodarespecified,theresultsofcircuittestandanalysisareprovidedandtheadvantagesofpre-dictivecontroltechnology-basedmulti-levelboostPFCconverterisverified.

简介：2003年，中国IT服务市场规模呈大幅上升趋势，IT服务正成为IT产业中一个强势增长的市场。特别是随着我国企业信息化的逐步深入，信息化应用和解决方案将会掀起新一轮发展热潮，并将与电子政务一同为IT服务商提供巨大商机。

简介：2004年，宽带市场发展的主要动力来源于固网运营商的推动和市场需求的拉动。宽频娱乐、游戏将是宽带消费的一大热点，娱乐与体育竞技类的服务也是今年宽带内容消费的一大方向。

简介：Linearcomplexityandk-errorlinearcomplexityofthestreamcipheraretwoimportantstandardstoscaletherandomicityofkeystreams.Forthe2n-periodicperiodicbinarysequencewithlinearcomplexity2n1andk=2,3,thenumberofsequenceswithgivenk-errorlinearcomplexityandtheexpectedk-errorlinearcomplexityareprovided.Moreover,theproportionofthesequenceswhosek-errorlinearcomplexityisbiggerthantheexpectedvalueisanalyzed.

简介：这份报纸描述一个新方法与高反射率，宽思考带宽和高laserinduced损坏阀值设计一面激光镜子。镜子被HfO2/TiO2/SiO2的三材料高基于电场和所有电介质激光的温度地分发特征构造反射镜。TiO2/SiO2栈充当高反射镜(HR)并且拓宽思考带宽，当HfO2/SiO2栈被用于增加激光抵抗时。有34层的HfO2/TiO2/SiO2激光镜子被一篇小说制作遥远的血浆劈啪作响免职。为新镜子的零损坏可能性的损坏阀值直到39.6J/cm2(1064nm，12ns)。镜子的可能的激光损坏机制被讨论。