简介：Theglobalcarbonmarkethasdevelopedrapidlywithtwosignificanttrendsofglobalizationandfinancialization.Derivingeconomicinterestisanationdriven-forcebehindtheinternationalclimatenegotiationandcarbonmarket.Accordingtodeeplyanalyzedrelationshipsbetweenthecarbonmarketandthekeysubjectsoftheclimatenegotiation,thisarticlerevealsthatpromotingthedevelopmentoftheglobalcarbonmarketisoneofthecoreinterestsofdevelopednations.Basedonthebackgroundofinternationalcarbonmarketdevelopmentanddomesticcarbonmarketpilots,foursuggestionstothekeyissuesofChina’scarbonmarketareprovided.ThefirstisthatthegoalofChina’scarbonmarketshouldbeinlinewithandcontributetothenationalobjectivesandpoliciesaddressingclimatechange.ThesecondisthattheChinesecarbonmarketshouldmainlytargettheemissionreductionofproduction-sectors,andcontributetotheirupgradationandtransformation.Thethirdismatthedevelopmentofthenation-widecarbonmarketinChinashouldfirsttaketheprincipleofunbalancedregionaldevelopmentintoconsideration.ThefourthisthatlinkingChina’scarbonmarkettotheinternationalmarketshouldkeepstepsinlinewithinternationalopening-upofChina’sfinancingsystem.

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简介：ThispaperanalyzesthethreemainfundamentalissuesinthedesignofChina’sETSpilots,includingallowanceallocation,pricemechanismandstate-ownedkeyenterprises,andproposedsuggestedsolutions.Fortheissueofallowanceallocation,wesuggestthatthegradualhybridmodecouldbeappliedatthebeginning,whichstartswithmainlyfreeallocationandthenincreasesauctionratiogradually.Andgrandfatheringisasuitablemethodoffreeallocation.Fortheissueofpricemechanism,wesuggestapricefloatingzonewithopenmarketoperationtoreducetheuncertaintyofprices.Fortheissueofstate-ownedkeyenterprises,wesuggestagoodcoordinationwithSASAC,definingthestate-ownedpropertyrightandsupervisionrightwhenstate-ownedkeyenterprisesareinvolvedintothecarbonmarket,andthelocalgovernmentcansetrulesofallocationandtransactiontolimittheirpotentialmarketpower.

简介：益生菌对人和动物有益作用在过去已经得到大量的动物和人体试验实证,但对于其益生作用的分子机制的研究尚有待进一步完善.益生菌制剂的作用效果不稳定、不显著、不确定等问题依然存在.近年来大量针对益生菌及肠道细胞、益生菌对致病菌和益生菌对疾病的相互作用机制进行了研究,并取得了一些成果.因此,对以上三方面作用机制研究的进展进行了综述,对未来发展方向做了一些预测.图5,参27.