简介:InAugust2011,theSangzhiCountygovernment,HunanProvince,adoptedaseriesofnewhealthcarepoliciesasanationalpilotoftheNewCooperativeMedicalScheme(referredtoas2011NCMS).Thesepoliciesweredesignedtofurtherresolveillness-ledpovertyandthepoorstateofhealthcareinthelocalarea.TheprogramhadapositiveimpactandspreadtootherregionsinHunanProvince.Thispaperwilldiscusstheprogressmadeasaresultofthepoliciesandseveralissuesthatchallengetheschemeinpractice.Atotalsampleof1212individualsand303householdswereincludedintheanalysis,and98interviewswereconductedwithpeoplerelatedtothescheme.Ourmajorfindingsindicatethatthe201!NCMShassignificantlyreducedtheout-of-pocketmedicalpaymentofruralresidents,andalsoincreasedthetownshiphospitals’patientflow.However,themedicalschemestillfacesmanychallengingissuesduringtheimplementation.WiththeincreasinginterestamongtheChinesepolicymakersinstrengtheningandpromotingtheSangzhiModel,theimpactsoftheschemedeservegreaterattentioninpracticesoastofurtherimproveNCMSinruralChina.
简介:HealthinstitutionsinthePeople’sRepublicofChinaareunderconsiderablechallenge.Innovationsinmanagementsystemsmaysupportthechallengetoincreasebothefficiencyandeffectiveness.Thebalancedscorecard(BSC)isonesuchinnova-tion.WehaveusedamodeltoexplorethefactorsthatmayimpactthediffusionoftheBSCinChinesegovernmenthospitals.Inparticular,weconcentrateonthreefactors—theoutercontext,thenatureoftheinnovationandthecommunicationandinfluence.TheoutercontextandthenatureoftheinnovationdoprovideaninducementtoimplementaBSC.Thestrengthofthecommunica-tionandinfluencemayaffecttheleveloftake-up.However,werecognisethattheymaychoosetheBSCnotforanyapparenttechnicalexcellencebutforthelegitimationthatWesternman-agementpracticesmaybringtolocalmanagers.
简介:Thispaperstudiesfactorsinfluencingrural-urbanlabormigrationinChina,particularlytheimplementationofruralcooperativemedicalinsurance(RCMI)intheyear2003.Withthesupportofdataanalysisfromtheyear2000,2004and2006,clearlinearcorrelationsarefoundbetweengender,income,healthconditionandrural-urbanlaborflow,whereastheimpactofeducationandemploymentstatusaremorecomplicated.Moreimportantly,resultsfromregressionshowthattheestablishmentofRCMIincountrysideofChinanotonlyinhibitsruralresidentsfromseekingemploymentoutsidethevillage,butalsopullsbackruralpeoplewhohavealreadyworkedincities.Whenregionaldimensionisconcerned,thepurecompositeeffectofRCMIonrurallaborflowislesssignificantincoastalareaswithbettereconomicperformanceandmedicalservice.
简介:为了促进土壤环境质量标准的修订进程,势必要全面系统地开展土壤环境质量基准的研究工作.理论上,水、土之间是一个相互联系、互相依赖和关系密切的系统;同时,水生态毒理及其质量基准研究起步早,研究方法相对成熟.因此,从水质基准来推导土壤环境质量基准具有一定的科学依据与实践意义.本文首先从土-水系统中污染物分布的影响因素及其环境行为两方面简要阐述污染物在土-水系统中的分布规律;然后,扼要介绍了平衡分配(EqP)理论及其在环境质量基准研究中的应用;之后,从EqP方法的不确定性、毒理数据选用的争议性、K.c的局限性和分配系数的确定方法选择性等方面,探讨了平衡分配法在土壤环境质量基准研究中应用的瓶颈问题;最后,对此项研究进行了总结与展望.
简介:基于谢高地等确立的中国陆地生态系统服务价值系数,通过价值系数修正,分析长沙市24年间土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响.研究表明:耕地、林地、草地、水域、未利用土地的面积逐渐减少,城镇建设用地逐渐增加.1900~2014年的生态系统服务总价值逐渐减少,价值损失量为169329.89万元,损失率为5.44%.各生态系统服务功能对长沙市生态系统服务价值的贡献率排在前三位是土壤形成与保护,水源涵养,生物多样性保护.食物生产的生态系统服务价值的贡献率最小.生态系统服务价值敏感性指数由大到小依次为:林地、耕地、水域、城镇建设用地、草地、未利用土地,敏感性指数均小于1,研究结果合理可信.