简介:China′sTwoObjectivesBETMEENNOWandtheendofthecentury.theChinesepeoplearefacingtwoobjectives:toachievealifeofrelativecomfortbyq...
简介:SinceChinahookeduptotheInternetin1994,Chinesenetizenshiphasincreasedfromthefewhundredsofthousandsrecordedin1995toitspresent87million-secondlargestintheworld.TheInternethasstreamlineddailylifeandalsoinfluencedlifeconcepts.Thevoiceofthe“silentmajority”nowheardontheInternet,speaksofandsearchesforsolutionstopsychologicalproblemsexacerbatedbyatransitionalsociety.
简介:<正>TheFifthComputerFestivalonZhujiangRoad,XuanwuDistrict,NanjingCityandtheGoldenAutumnFairofTrade&InvestmentheldinSeptemberthisyearattracted200well-knowncompanies,allofwhichareintendingtoinvestinNanjing.Followingtheprincipleof"Givingprominencetopreponderantprojectsmarkedoutbythedistrictaswellasmaintainingwholesomeplanningofthecity",XuanwuDistrictputforward28itemsatthefair,coveringthe
简介:Themarginofappreciationiscontroversialanddifficulttounderstand.SinceitsfirstreferenceinthecaseofGreecevs.UK,themeaningofthisdoctrinehasevolvedfromdeferencetoderogationfromtheEuropeanConventiontoaninflationoflanguageusedormisusedbytheStrasbourgCourttopreservetheState’s"roomformanoeuvre"or"latitudeofdeferenceorerror."Inthispaper,Idividetheconceptofmarginofappreciationintotwocategories:thesubstantiveandstructuralconcept.TheStrasbourgCourtusuallygenerouslydeferstonationaldecisionsinstructuralscrutinywhereithastorespectEuropeanpluralismandthecollectiveinterestsofthecontractingpartiesunlessdomesticdecisionsareregardedas"manifestlyunreasonable."Incontrast,theEuropeanHumanRightsCourtscrutinizescarefullyinthesubstantivesenseofmarginofappreciation.Somefactorsortestapproacheswillbeidentifiedfirst,bywhichtheCourtsubstantivelynarrowsorlimitsthescopeofmarginpreservedfortheStates.Theresultoftwoconceptualmarginsofappreciationmaybereciprocallytransformedinsomecircumstances.WhenthecollectivegoodsurelyunderminesthecoreofConventionrights,theCourtwillnotstandwiththedomesticargumentsinceitmustensuretheimplementationofpan-Europeanhumanrightsstandards.Ontheotherside,theCourthasnocapacitytofurtherincreasestrictscrutinyincaseswherethereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweenthemeansandendsintheproportionalitytest,implyingthatdomesticcourtsarebetterplacedthanthesupranationalcourtgiventhefactthattheyknowbetterthelocalrealityandhavemorelocalknowledge.
简介:ItisindeedagreatprivilegetocometothisancientandfascinatingcityofBeijingtoshareviewsandtoparticipateinwhatpromisestobeahigh-qualitydebateattheinitiativeofoneofChina'smostprestigiousandrespectedhumanrightsorganisations.Ihavenodoubtthatinsuchasetting,andthroughtheenrichment