简介：<正>Background:Significanteffortshavebeenmadetoidentifymodifiableriskfactorsofnon-contactanteriorcruciateligament(ACL)injuriesinmaleandfemaleathletes.However,currentliteratureontheriskfactorsforACLinjuryarepurelydescriptive.Anunderstandingofbiomechanicalrelationshipbetweenriskandriskfactorsofthenon-contactACLinjuryisnecessarytodevelopeffectivepreventionprograms.Purpose:Tocomparelowerextremitykinematicsandkineticsbetweentrialswithandwithoutnon-contactACLinjuriesandtodetermineifanydifferenceexistsbetweenmaleandfemaletrialswithnon-contactACLinjuriesregardingthelowerextremitymotionpatterns.Methods:Inthiscomputersimulationstudy,astochasticbiomechanicalmodelwasusedtoestimatetheACLloadingatthetimeofpeakposteriorgroundreactionforce(GRF)duringlandingofthestop-jumptask.MonteCarlosimulationswereperformedtosimulatetheACLinjurieswithrepeatedrandomsamplesofindependentvariables.Thedistributionsofindependentvariablesweredeterminedfrominvivolaboratorydataof40maleand40femalerecreationalathletes.Results:Inthesimulatedinjuredtrials,bothmaleandfemaleathleteshadsignificantlysmallerkneeflexionangles,greaternormalizedpeakposteriorandverticalGRF.greaterkneevalgusmoment,greaterpatellatendonforce,greaterquadricepsforce,greaterkneeextensionmoment.andgreaterproximaltibiaanteriorshearforceincomparisontothesimulateduninjuredtrials.Nosignificantdifferencewasfoundbetweengendersinanyoftheselectedbiomechanicalvariablesinthetrialswithsimulatednon-contactACLinjuries.Conclusion:Smallkneeflexionangle,largeposteriorGRF.andlargekneevalgusmomentareriskfactorsofnon-contactACLinjurydeterminedbyastochasticbiomechanicalmodelwithacause-and-effectrelationship.
简介：Osteoarthritis(OA)isthemostcommonformofarthritis.ThekneeandhipjointsarethemostcommonsitesforOA,andkneeOAismoreprevalentthanhipOA.1KneeOApatientsoftensufferpain,functionaldisability,articularcartilagewearandrelatedjointspacenarrowing.AmongU.S.adults,46.4millionhavephysician-diagnosedarthritisrepresenting
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