简介:N^6-methyladenosine(m^6A)isanessentialRNAmodificationthatregulateskeycellularprocesses,includingstemcellrenewal,cellulardifferentiation,andresponsetoDNAdamage.Unsurprisingly,aberrantm6Amethylationhasbeenimplicatedinthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofdiversehumancancers.Alteredm6AlevelsaffectRNAprocessing,mRNAdegradation,andtranslationofmRNAsintoproteins,therebydisruptinggeneexpressionregulationandpromotingtumorigenesis.Recentstudieshavereportedthattheabnormalexpressionofm6Aregulatoryenzymesaffectsm6Aabundanceandconsequentlydysregulatestheexpressionoftumorsuppressorgenesandoncogenes,includingMYC,SOCS2,ADAM19,andPTEN.Inthisreview,wediscussthespecificrolesofm6A“writers",“erasers”,and“readers”innormalphysiologyandhowtheiralteredexpressionpromotestumorigenesis.Wealsodescribethepotentialofexploitingtheaberrantexpressionoftheseenzymesforcancerdiagnosis,prognosis,andthedevelopmentofnoveltherapies.
简介:Glioblastoma(GBM)isoneofthedeadliesttumorsandhasamediansurvivalof3monthsifleftuntreated.Despiteadvancesinrationallytargetedpharmacologicalapproaches,theclinicalcareofGBMremainspalliativeinintent.Sincethemajorityofalteredsignalingcascadesinvolvedincancerestablishmentandprogressioneventuallyaffectcellcycleprogression,analternativeapproachforcancertherapyistodevelopinnovativecompoundsthatblocktheactivityofcrucialmoleculesneededbytumorcellstocompletecelldivision.Inthiscontext,wereviewpromisingongoingandfuturestrategiesforGBMtherapeuticsaimedtowardsG2/Minhibitionsuchasanti-microtubuleagentsandtargetedtherapyagainstG2/Mregulatorslikecyclin-dependentkinases,Aurorainhibitors,PLK1,BUB,1,andBUBR1,andsurvivin.Moreover,wealsoincludeinvestigationalagentsinthepreclinicalandearlyclinicalsettings.Althoughseveraldrugswereshowntobegliotoxic,mostofthemhavenotyetenteredtherapeutictrials.TheuseofeithersingleexposureoracombinationwithnovelcompoundsmayleadtotreatmentalternativesforGBMpatientsinthenearfuture.
简介:Gastrointestinal(GI)cancerisoneofthemostcommoncausesofcancer-relateddeathsworldwide.Tumormarkersarevaluableindetectingpost-surgicalrecurrenceorinmonitoringresponsetochemotherapy.PyruvatekinaseisoformM2(PKM2),aglycolyticenzymecatalyzingconversionofphosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)topyruvate,confersagrowthadvantagetothetumorcellsandenablesthemtoadapttothetumormicroenvironment.Inthisreview,wehavesummarizedcurrentresearchontheexpressionandregulationofPKM2intumorcells,anditspotentialroleinGIcarcinogenesisandprogression.Furthermore,wehavealsodiscussedthepotentialofPKM2asadiagnosticandscreeningmarker,andatherapeutictargetinGIcancer.
简介:目的:评价^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像对乳腺肿瘤和腋窝淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法:52例女性乳腺肿瘤患者,体检腋窝未扪及肿块。应用^99Tc^m-MIBI740MBq(20mCi)经肘静脉注射,行乳腺和腋窝显像,并用手术、病理加以对照。结果:48例乳腺肿瘤患者中,^99Tc^m-MIBI显像真阳性32例,灵敏度为84%(32/38例),特异性60%(6/10例),准确性79%,40例乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结的灵敏度为71%(10/14例),特异性88%(23/26例),准确性83%。结论:^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像既可以显示乳腺肿瘤又能了解腋窝淋巴结的灵敏度为71%(10/14例),特异性88%(23/26例),准确性83%。结论:^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像既可以显示乳腺肿瘤又能了解腋窝淋巴结,是核素乳腺显像的首选方法之一。
简介:目的:探讨纳米碳示踪剂在30例甲状腺癌手术中的应用效果。方法:将60例甲状腺癌患者随机均分为纳米炭组和对照组,行甲状腺全切及患侧Ⅵ区颈部淋巴结廓清术,纳米炭组在行淋巴结廓清术前应用纳米炭示踪剂,对照组不使用,比较2组患者的淋巴结清扫数目、术后血钙水平及甲状旁腺素(PTH)水平。结果:纳米炭组每例患者平均清扫淋巴结6.5枚,对照组3.2枚(P<0.05);纳米炭组术后发生一过性低钙血症患者1例,对照组12例(P<0.05);纳米炭组术后发生PTH暂时下降的患者2例,对照组9例(P<0.05)。结论:纳米炭淋巴示踪剂的应用可明显提高甲状腺癌患者Ⅵ区淋巴结的清扫数目,术中有助于甲状旁腺的识别并保护甲状旁腺的功能。
简介:背景与目的:听神经瘤是中枢神经系统常见的良性肿瘤之一,其治疗有几种不同的手术入路,但枕下乙状窦后入路应用最为广泛。本研究探讨经枕下乙状窦后入路治疗听神经瘤的显微外科技术及疗效。方法:回顾性分析30例听神经瘤患者临床资料.均经枕下乙状窦后入路行显微手术切除,术中显露横窦和乙状窦,放出枕大池脑脊液.再行显微镜下分离及切除肿瘤.分析显微手术过程及治疗效果。结果:术后无1例患者死亡,肿瘤总体全切率90.0%(27/30),次全切除3例.面神经解剖保留率为93.33%,面神经功能保留率为66.7%。结论:掌握桥小脑角区的解剖学特征、显微手术技巧以及电生理监测在听神经瘤切除和颅神经功能保护中具有重要意义。
简介:Objective:Toinvestigatetherecurrencesites,riskfactors,andprognosisofpatientswithpersistentorrecurrentsquamouscellcarcinoma(SCC)ofthecervixwithinoneyearafterundergoingconcurrentchemoradiotherapy(CCRT).Methods:Clinicaldataof30patientswithpersistentorrecurrentSCCofthecervixwithinoneyearafterCCRTbetweenJuly2006andJuly2011wereanalyzedretrospectively.Thesedatawerecomparedwiththoseof35SCCcaseswithnosignsofrecurrenceaftercompleteremission.These35patientsweretreatedduringthesameperiod(between2006and2011)andselectedrandomly.Results:Amongthese30patients,25exhibiteddistantmetastasesofwhich14wereobservedwithin6monthsafterCCRT.Univariateanalysisshowedhigherincidenceofpelvicorpara-aorticlymphadenectasisandSCC-ag>10ng/mLinthegroupwithpersistentorrecurrentdiseasebeforetreatment(P<0.01).Multivariateanalysisbylogisticregressionrevealedthatthepre-therapeuticpelvicorpara-aorticlymphnodeenlargementandSCC-ag>10ng/mLweretheindependentriskfactors.Palliativechemotherapywasthemaintreatmentoptionforpatientswithpersistentorrecurrentdisease.The2-yearsurvivalratewas21.7%,andthemediansurvivaltimewas17months.Conclusion:PatientswithpersistentorrecurrentSCCofthecervixafterCCRTexhibitedahighrateofdistantmetastasiswithpoorprognosis.Thepre-therapeuticpelvicorpara-aorticlymphnodeenlargementandSCC-ag>10ng/mLwereidentifiedastheindependentriskfactorsforpersistentorrecurrentSCCwithin1yearafterCCRT.
简介:目的探讨。肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(renalangiomyolipoma,RAML)的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析30例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者的诊治情况,并复习相关文献。结果肿瘤直径小于4cm而无症状的9例采用B超、CT定期随访观察;手术21例,其中肿瘤直径小于4cm的有伴发症状者8例行肿瘤剜除术;肿瘤直径大于4cm者13例,行肾部分切除术7例,肾切除术6例(其中包括肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发性破裂出血4例)。21例手术患者均获得随访,随访时间6个月~9年,均未见肿瘤复发,肾功能良好。结论肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤经B超、cT等检查多可明确诊断。治疗方法应根据肿瘤大小、并发症及对肾功能的影响程度来决定,手术应尽可能保留正常肾组织。