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简介：Next-generationsequencing(NGS)isanewtechnologyusedforDNAandRNAsequencingandvariant/mutationdetection.NGScansequencehundredsandthousandsofgenesorwholegenomeinashortperiodoftime.Thesequencevariants/mutationsdetectedbyNGShavebeenwidelyusedfordiseasediagnosis,prognosis,therapeuticdecision,andfollowupofpatients.Thecapacityofitsmassiveparallelsequencingoffersnewopportunitiesforpersonalizedprecisionmedicine.

简介：Inthispaperourstudiesaboutthesequentialtestingprogramforpredictingandidentificatingcarcinogens,sequentialdiscriminantmethodandcost-effectivenessanalysisaresummarized.Theanalysisofourdatabaseofcarcinogenicltyandgenotoxicityofchemicalsdemonstratestheuncertainty.ofshort-termtests(STTs)topredictcarcinogensandtheresultsofmostroutineSTTsarestatisticallydependent.WerecommendthesequentialtestingprogramcombiningSTTsandcarclnogenicityassay,theoptimalSTTbatteries,therulesofthesequentialdiscriminationandthepreferalchoicesofSTTstorspecificchemicalclass.Forillustrativepmposesthecarclnogenicitypredictionofseveralsamplechamicalsispresented.Theresultsofcost-effectivenessanalysissuggestthatthisprogramhasvastsocial-economiceffectiveness.

简介：Objective:Toanalyzequantitativelythesynergisticandantagonisticeffectsofcombinedoxymatrine(OMT)and5-fluorouracil(5-GU)onacelllineofhumanlivercancer(HepG2)withmedian-effectprincipleinvitro.Methods:Themedian-effectprincipleandMTTmethodwereusedinthequantitativeanalysisofeffectsofthetwodrugs.Results:Cytotoxicactivityoftheindividualdrugsenhancedasdrugconcentrationincreased.Asfa=0.41,aCIequalto1indicatedadditivity;fa<0.41,aCIlessthan1indicatedsynergy;andfa>0.41,aCIgreaterthan1indicatedantagonism.Thesequenceofadministrationdidnotinfluencethecytotoxicactivityofthecombinedantitumordrugs.Theratioofdrugconcentrationwasafactorthatcaninfluencethekillingeffect.Conclusion:Thecombineddrugsinteraction(CI<1)wassynergisticatlowerconcentrationandantagonisticathigherconcentration.Theratioofdrugconcentrationisafactorthatcaninfluencethekillingeffect.

简介：Three-dimensional(3D)printing(3DP)isarapidprototypingtechnologythathasgainedincreasingrecognitioninmanydifferentfields.Inherentaccuracyandlow-costpropertyenableapplicabilityof3DPinmanyareas,suchasmanufacturing,aerospace,medical,andindustrialdesign.Recently,3DPhasgainedconsiderableattentioninthemedicalfield.Theimagedatacanbequicklyturnedintophysicalobjectsbyusing3DPtechnology.Theseobjectsarebeingusedacrossavarietyofsurgicalspecialties.Theshortageofcadaverspecimensisamajorprobleminmedicaleducation.However,thisconcernhasbeensolvedwiththeemergenceof3DPmodel.Custom-madeitemscanbeproducedbyusing3DPtechnology.Thisinnovationallows3DPuseinpreoperativeplanningandsurgicaltraining.Learningisdifficultamongmedicalstudentsbecauseofthecomplexanatomicalstructuresoftheliver.Thus,3Dvisualizationisausefultoolinanatomyteachingandhepaticsurgicaltraining.However,conventionalmodelsdonotcapturehapticqualities.3DPcanproducehighlyaccurateandcomplexphysicalmodels.Manytypesofhumanoranimaldifferentiatedcellscanbeprintedsuccessfullywiththedevelopmentof3Dbio-printingtechnology.Thisprogressrepresentsavaluablebreakthroughthatexhibitsmanypotentialuses,suchasresearchondrugmetabolismorliverdiseasemechanism.Thistechnologycanalsobeusedtosolveshortageoforgansfortransplantinthefuture.

简介：三尺宏文齐朱案，九州资政汇百川。佛心慈念修云梦，半日红尘半日禅。

简介：Inourreport,thevaluesofwholebloodserotonin(5-HT)in87apudomapatients(diagnosedbyoperationandpathology)weresummarized.Amongthem,thelevelsofurinary5-hydroxyindole-3-aceticacid(5-HIAA)of44patientswerealsotested.Theresultsshowedthatbothparametresofapudomapatientswerehigherthanthoseofnon-apudoma,post-operativepatientsofapudomaaswellasthenormal.Theincreasingextentofthelevelsofwholeblood5-HTandurinary5-HIAAinsmallintestinalcarcihoidwasthemostobviousonebutthatofrectumwasnot.Thereferablediagnosticvaluessuggestedwere:5-HT>130ngml,5-HIAA>30mg/24hours.

简介：Inrecentyears,theclinicalincidenceofthyroidcancerhasbeenincreasingyearbyyear,anditsriskassessmentandclinicalmanagementmethodshavealsobeenaccordinglymodifiedandconstantlyimproved.TherearegreatdifferencesbetweentheclinicaldiagnosticandtherapeuticmodesanddiseasemanagementofthyroidcanceremployedbyvariousmedicalinstitutionsinChina,particularlywithregardtotheclinicalapplicationofserummarkerofthyroidcancer.Tothisend,theChinaAnti-CancerAssociationThyroidCancerSpecializedCommitteeChineseAssociationofThyroidOncologyorganizedthiscompilationofExpertConsensusonClinicalApplicationofSerumMarkerofThyroidCancertohelpandimpelrelevantclinicalinstitutionsandprofessionalstostandardizeclinicaldiagnosis,treatment,andlong-termmanagementofthyroidcancer,andtoproperlyutilizetheserummarkerforscientificauxiliaryclinicaldiagnosisandassessmentofthyroidcancerbeforeandafteroperation.

简介：Objective:Toevaluatetheshort-termoutcomesofvideo-assistedthoracicsurgery(VATS)forthoracictumors.Methods:Thedataof1,790consecutivepatientswereretrospectivelyreviewed.ThesepatientsunderwentVATSpulmonaryresections,VATSesophagectomies,andVATSresectionsofmediastinaltumorsorbiopsiesattheCancerInstitute&Hospital,ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciencesbetweenJanuary2009andJanuary2012.Results:Therewere33patientsconvertedtoopenthoracotomy(OT,1.84%).Theoverallmorbidityandmortalityratewas2.79%(50/1790)and0.28%(5/1790),respectively.TheoverallhospitalizationandchesttubedurationwereshorterintheVATSlobectomygroup(n=949)thanintheopenthoracotomy(OT)lobectomygroup(n=753).Therewerenosignificantdifferencesinmorbidityrate,mortalityrateandoperationtimebetweenthetwogroups.Intheesophagealcancerpatients,nosignificantdifferencewasfoundinthenumberofnodaldissection,chesttubeduration,morbidityrate,mortalityrate,andhospitallengthofstaybetweentheVATSesophagectomygroup(n=81)andopenesophagectomygroup(n=81).However,theoperationtimewaslongerintheVATSesophagectomygroup.Inthethymomapatients,therewasnosignificantdifferenceinthechesttubeduration,morbidityrate,mortalityrate,andhospitallengthofstaybetweentheVATSthymectomygroup(n=41)andopenthymectomygroup(n=41).However,theoperationtimewaslongerintheVATSgroup.ThemediantumorsizeintheVATSthymectomygroupwascomparablewiththatintheOTgroup.Conclusions:Inearly-stage(I/II)non-smallcelllungcancerpatientswhounderwentlobectomies,VATSiscomparablewiththeOTapproachwithsimilarshort-termoutcomes.Inpatientswithresectableesophagealcancer,VATSesophagectomyiscomparablewithOTesophagectomywithsimilarmorbidityandmortality.VATSthymectomyforMasaokastageIandIIthymomaisfeasibleandsafe,andtumorsizeisnotcontraindicated.Longerfollow-upsareneededtodete

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简介：Objective:ThisstudyaimstoestablishamethodforhighlyparallelmultiplexeddetectionofgeneticmutationsinChineselungcancersamplesthroughAgenaiPLEXchemistryandmatrix-assistedlaserdesorptionionizationtime-of-flightanalysisonMassARRAYmassspectrometryplatform.Methods:Wereviewedtherelatedliteratureanddataonlungcancertreatments.Wealsoidentified99mutationhotspotsin13targetgenescloselyrelatedtothepathogenesis,drugresistance,andmetastasisoflungcancer.Atotalof297primers,composedof99pairedforwardandreverseamplificationprimersand99matchedextensionprimers,weredesignedusingAssayDesignsoftware.Thedetectionmethodwasestablishedbyanalyzingeightcelllinesandsixlungcancerspecimens.TheproposedmethodwasthenvalidatedthroughcomparisonsbyusingaLungCarta~(TM)kit.ThesensitivityandspecificityoftheproposedmethodwereevaluatedbydirectlysequencingEGFRandKRASgenesin100lungcancercases.Results:Theproposedmethodwasabletodetectmultiplexgeneticmutationsinlungcancercelllines.Thisfindingwasconsistentwiththeobservationsonpreviouslyreportedmutations.Theproposedmethodcanalsodetectsuchmutationsinclinicallungcancerspecimens.ThisresultwasconsistentwiththeobservationswithLungCarta~(TM)kit.However,anFGFR2mutationwasdetectedonlythroughtheproposedmethod.Themeasuredsensitivityandspecificitywere100%and96.3%,respectively.Conclusions:TheproposedMassARRAYtechnology-basedmultiplexmethodcandetectgeneticmutationsinChineselungcancerpatients.Therefore,theproposedmethodcanbeappliedtodetectmutationsinothercancertissues.

简介：浸润性乳腺癌由临床表现、影像学特点、病理特征及生物学潜能等方面均不同的一组异质性病变所组成。因此,正确的浸润性乳腺癌分类是判别病变范围、制定最佳治疗计划、评估疗效、判断预后及科研协作交流的重要条件和标准。目前,应用最广泛的分类方法为WHO乳腺肿瘤分类法,该方法建立在肿瘤的组织学类型、分级、病变侵及范围、激素受体状态等基础上。近年来,以基因表达谱和基因芯片为基础提出的乳腺癌基因分型发展迅速,初步研究已表明其能更精确地反应肿瘤的生物学行为及判断预后,并有利于选择和研究更具针对性的个性化治疗方法。

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简介：Next-generationsequencing(NGS)technologyiscapableofsequencingmillionsorbillionsofDNAmoleculessimultaneously.Therefore,itrepresentsapromisingtoolfortheanalysisofmoleculartargetsfortheinitialdiagnosisofdisease,monitoringofdiseaseprogression,andidentifyingthemechanismofdrugresistance.OnbehalfoftheTumorBiomarkerCommitteeoftheChineseSocietyofClinicalOncology(CSCO)andtheChinaActionableGenomeConsortium(CAGC),thepresentexpertgroupherebyproposesadvisoryguidelinesonclinicalapplicationsofNGStechnologyfortheanalysisofcancerdrivergenesforprecisioncancertherapy.Thisgroupcomprisesanassemblyoflaboratorycancergeneticists,clinicaloncologists,bioinformaticians,pathologists,andotherprofessionals.Aftermultipleroundsofdiscussionsandrevisions,theexpertgrouphasreachedapreliminaryconsensusontheneedofNGSinclinicaldiagnosis,itsregulation,andcompliancestandardsinclinicalsamplecollection.Moreover,ithaspreparedNGScriteria,thesequencingstandardoperationprocedure(SOP),dataanalysis,report,andNGSplatformcertificationandvalidation.

简介：神经系统肿瘤尤其是胶质瘤,生长于脑内,我们对其发生和发展的外因一无所知。然而,近一、二十年来,分子遗传学的研究发现胶质瘤属多基因病变,其发生与发展受多种基因的调节。这些基因不仅与细胞生长周期的调节、细胞生存与死亡的调节、细胞转录和生长倍增调节相关,而且还与细胞癌变的启动、肿瘤细胞的病理形态变化、肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移,肿瘤细胞对药物的敏感性和抗药性、肿瘤细胞对放射治疗的敏感性有关。为了促进对神经系统肿瘤生物学的了解,现将胶质瘤分子遗传学的基本表现及其对肿瘤治疗学的影响作一简要介绍。星形细胞瘤有TP53、LOH17p、PDGFR、EGFR、P16、RB等基因表达,少突胶质细胞瘤有LOH19q、1p、4q等基因改变;少突星形细胞瘤主要为LOH19q与1p改变,部分肿瘤也有TP53和LOH17p基因改变,室管膜瘤则与LOH22基因及NF2和MEN1基因有关。以星形细胞肿瘤为例介绍其分子基因学对肿瘤病理形态学、侵袭和转移、凋亡和抗药及放疗的影响。通过这一介绍可对胶质瘤的分子基因学或分子病理学有一个初步的了解,从而提高对神经肿瘤WHO(2000)新分类的认识,了解按此新分类作诊断对肿瘤治疗的重要性。

简介：乳腺癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,其诊断、治疗策略和预后往往基于其病理分型.近几年研究表明,传统的病理分型对新开展的治疗方法并没有提供有效的指导.而大量乳腺癌分子生物学特征的数据表明可将乳腺癌分为基底型,管腔A型及B型,HER-2型及正常组织型5类.在对这5种类型进行了对比后,发现其预后以及辅助治疗的效果都有明显差异.同时证明免疫组化方法可代替单一的基因分析方法用来检测乳腺癌的分型.其中雌激素受体（ER）,孕酮受体（PR）,HER2蛋白,CK5,表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）,抑癌基因P53的变异及原癌基因Bcl-2的表达都可作为亚型分类的指标.该文介绍了乳腺癌分子亚型的主要特征及其与治疗、预后的关系.

简介：脑磁图作为一种无创性记录大脑生物磁场的新技术，能相对直接反映神经元的活动状态：并且可将采集到的脑磁信号分析结果重叠到MRI图像上，从而将生理功能和解剖结构融合在一起，这一技术又称为磁源成像（magneticsourceimaging，MSI）。MSI不仅能够准确地提供癫痫灶及所需要功能区的定位信息，而且可使临床神经外科医生更好地了解肿瘤与癫痫灶、肿瘤与功能区的关系，以便在术前制定出合理有效的手术计划。本文对脑磁图、MSI及其在脑肿瘤方面的应用做一简单综述。

简介：目的评价DNA分析在痰液涂片细胞学检查中作用和意义。方法对HE染色痰涂片褪色后行Feulgen染色，用HPIAS-1000型高清晰度彩色全自动分析系统作DNA分析。结果35例肺癌细胞及9例不典型支气管上皮细胞DNA均为异倍体（heteroploid，H）核型。两组细胞DNA二倍体，异倍体（2C／H）核型分别占37．1％和66．6％（P〈0．001），五倍体/非整倍体（5C／AN）核型分别占71．4％、0．0％（P〈0．001），非整倍体（AN）核型占97．1％、0．0％（P〈0．001）；而增生期百分比（PF）分别占（83．8±19．7）％、（47．629±．5）％（P〈0．001）。癌细胞组29例非小细胞癌与6例小细胞癌的2C／H核型分别占44．8％和0．0％（P〈0．001），5C／AN占65．5％、100．0％（P〈0．001），非整倍体（AN）核型为96．5％、100．0％（P〉0．05）；而PF值为（83．1±20．1）％、（95．0±2．0）％（P〈0．02）。结论痰液细胞DNA分析指标（倍体核型、增殖期百分比）可作为细胞学肺癌诊断的重要理论参考。