学科分类
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11 个结果
  • 简介:透明-视神经发育不良也称为deMorsier综合征,是儿童青少年中导致视力下降的遗传发育疾病之一.典型临床症状为视神经发育异常、脑部透明缺损和垂体功能低下三联征.不典型患者可有不同程度的视神经受累及中枢神经系统发育异常的表现.患儿视功能下降是常见的眼科就诊主诉,全面细致的眼科检查有助于疾病的早期诊断.联合神经科、内分泌会诊对疾病的预后关系重大,全面的内分泌检查能阻止危象发生;激素替代疗法可促进患儿的生长发育;神经功能康复训练很大程度能够提高患者的生活质量.

  • 标签: 神经发育不良 透明隔 中枢神经系统发育异常 视神经发育异常 内分泌检查 垂体功能低下
  • 简介:<正>患男,10岁,学生。因从高树摔下致左眼出血疼痛4小时于1996年12月19日晚8时收入我科。体检:T37.3℃,P83次/分,R20次/分,BP14/11kPa,神清合作,心肺无异常。眼科情况:VOD1.5,VOL1.5,右眼正常,左眼下睑正中全层撕向

  • 标签: 异物 眶隔 眶脂肪 眼出血 下睑 神清
  • 简介:目的探讨地塞米松(dexamethasone,DEX)治疗豚鼠爆性听力损失的给药途径。方法将24只成年豚鼠经脉冲噪声(167dBSPL,间隔2s,80发)暴露后,随机分为3组,每组8只。A组常规耳后切口,将浸透DEX的明胶海绵颗粒置于圆窗龛上。B组在手术显微镜下找到鼓膜,穿刺后将浸透DEX的明胶海绵颗粒置于圆窗龛上。C组手术方法同A组,给予生理盐水。分别于爆前,爆震后24h及治疗后3周检测豚鼠听性脑干反应(auditorybrainstemresponse,ABR)。琥珀酸脱氢酶染色(succinicdehydrogenase,SDH)基底膜铺片,观察毛细胞。结果ABR检测结果显示:治疗后3周A组和C组ABRclick反应阈移差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);A组和B组,B组和C组比较差异均无统计学意义。SDH基底膜铺片观察3组毛细胞,见A组和B组毛细胞恢复均较C组好,但是A组恢复更佳。结论耳后径路和鼓膜直接穿刺给予DEX对豚鼠爆性听力损失均有作用,前者效果明显。(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2008,8:15-17)

  • 标签: 圆窗膜 耳后径路 鼓膜
  • 简介:目的探讨带虹膜张力环植入手术治疗虹膜缺损的护理措施。方法回顾分析我院所诊治的虹膜缺损患者24例,24例患者均行带虹膜张力环植入的手术,针对性的对该手术不同类型的患者加强心理护理、术前准备、术后护理及预防并发症的发生。结果所有患者均根据虹膜缺损的范围和程度选择并放置合适型号的带虹膜张力环,术后随访3个月,均未发现张力环、人工晶状体偏位、移位,晶状体囊袋损伤及瞳孔阻滞等现象。结论囊袋内植入带人工虹膜的张力环治疗部分或完全虹膜缺损,取得了较好的治疗效果,开辟了该类疾病治疗的新思路,手术期间应加强患者的心理护理及术后的密切观察,及时采取相应的护理措施,从而减少并发症,提高疗效。

  • 标签: 带虹膜隔张力环 虹膜缺损 护理 并发症
  • 简介:目的设计整体运动知觉检测方法和研究正常人运动知觉特性.方法设计整体运动知觉测试软件,由微机控制,测定20例(40眼)正常人的运动知觉阈值.结果正常人运动知觉功能与性别及眼别无相关关系,而大于与小于50岁组的运动知觉分数值分别为4.47±0.40、4.85±0.16,两者具有显著性差异.结论建立了整体运动知觉检测方法,为临床应用打下了基础.

  • 标签: 整体运动知觉 视野 正常人
  • 简介:后囊膜混浊是白内障囊外摘除术后最主要的并发症之一.后囊膜混浊的发生是多因素参与的结果,手术方式的改进、人工晶状体的改良、术后炎症反应的控制都可以减少后囊膜混浊的发生.本文就人工晶状体的设计对后囊膜混浊的影响作一综述.

  • 标签: 后囊膜混浊 人工晶状体 并发症 术后 白内障囊外摘除术 影响
  • 简介:目的:评价超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后人工晶状体眼的波前像差,讨论不同设计的人工晶状体对术后人工晶状体眼波前像差的影响。方法:选择年龄相关性白内障患者62例(69眼),年龄41~84(平均63.4±4.0)岁。其中男24例(28眼),女38例(41眼),右眼38例,左眼31例。随机平均分为3组,使年龄性别相匹配。其中A组植入三片式人工晶状体(ACRYsof^@MA60BM),B组植入一片式人工晶状体(ACRYsof^@SA60AT),C组植入蓝光滤过型一片式人工晶状体(ACRYsof^@SN60AT)。同一术者,同一超声乳化仪(Alcon^@INFINITIVISIONSYSTEM)和手术显微镜(CarlZeissStativS88),术中均采用角膜曲率最高经线上宽3.2mm长1.75mm的角巩膜缘隧道切口。术后1mo使用客观型波前像差仪(NidekOPD-scanARK-10000)进行波前像差检测,得出总体高阶像差的均方根(RMSh)。结果:A组三片式(ACRYsof^@MA60BM)的RMSh平均达到0.702±0.090μm,B组一片式(ACRYsof^@SA60AT)的RMSh平均达到0.529±0.067μm,C组蓝光滤过型一片式(ACRYsof^@SN60AT)的RMSh平均达到0.566±0.066μm。三组比较采用单向方差分析,5.0mm瞳孔大小时A组的总体像差值最高(P〈0.01),其余两组没有显著性差异(P=0.126)。组间差异有统计学意义。结论:人工晶状体襻的设计对超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后人工晶状体眼的像差有明显影响,但光学区染色对单色像差的影响无统计学差异。这一结果对进一步完善白内障手术以及人工晶状体材料和设计的改善提供了有意义的信息。

  • 标签: 波前像差 人工晶状体 超声乳化白内障吸除术
  • 简介:目的探讨一组特殊设计镜片对周边屈光度、周边清晰视力范围和主观感受的影响。方法3例(4眼)被试者,年龄22-31岁,屈光度-2.0D,按随机顺序分别在单眼配戴普通非球面镜片、成长乐镜片、视特保大、中、小光区镜片的情况下进行周边屈光度、周边清晰视力范围测量和主观评分,主观评分包括远距和近距戴镜舒适度、清晰度和接受度。结果配戴5种镜片时,被试眼相对周边屈光度均为远视状态,远视度数随周边角度增加而增加。配戴普通非球面镜片和视特保大光区镜片时周边远视度数最大,视特保中光区镜片其次,成长乐镜片和视特保小光区镜片最小;配戴普通非球面镜片和视特保大光区镜片时的周边清晰视力范围最大,其次是视特保中光区镜片,最小的是成长乐镜片和视特保小光区镜片;远距评分为普通非球面镜片最高,视特保大光区镜片其次,然后为视特保中光区镜片,成长乐镜片及视特保小光区镜片最差;近距评分视特保大光区镜片接近普通非球面镜片,视特保中光区镜片和成长乐镜片其次,视特保小光区镜片最差。结论不同设计的中周部加光镜片对改变周边屈光度的作用存在差异,其配戴后的顺应性与镜片改变周边屈光度的程度呈负相关。

  • 标签: 周边屈光度 顺应性 近视
  • 简介:Thekeratoprosthesis(KPro;artificialcornea)isaspecialrefractivedevicetoreplacehumancorneabyusingheterogeneousformingmaterialsfortheimplantationintothedamagedeyesinordertoobtainacertainvision.Themainproblemsofartificialcorneaarethebiocompatibilityandstabilityofthetissueparticularlyinpenetratingkeratoplasty.Thecurrentstudiesoftissue-engineeredscaffoldmaterialsthroughcomprisingcompositesofnaturalandsyntheticbiopolymerstogetherhavedevelopedanewwaytoartificialcornea.Althoughawideagreementthatthelong-termstabilityofthesedeviceswouldbegreatlyimprovedbythepresenceofcorneacells,modificationofkeratoprosthesistosupportcorneacellsremainselusive.Mostofthestudiesoncornealsubstratematerialsandsurfacemodificationofcompositeshavetriedtoimprovethegrowthandbiocompatibilityofcorneacellswhichcannotonlyreducethestimulusofheterogeneousmaterials,butalsomoreimportantlycontinuousandstablecorneacellscanpreventthedestructionofcollagenase.Thenecrosisofstromaandspontaneousextrusionofthedevice,allowformaintenanceofaprecornealtearlayer,andplaytheroleofensuringagoodopticalsurfaceandresistingbacterialinfection.Asaresult,improvementincornealcellshasbeenthemainaimofseveralrecentinvestigations;someefforthasfocusedonbiomaterialforitswellbiologicalpropertiessuchaspromotingthegrowthofcorneacells.Thepurposeofthisreviewistosummarythegrowthstatusofthecornealcellsaftertheimplantationofseveralartificialcorneas.

  • 标签: artificial CORNEA KERATOPROSTHESIS tissue-engineered SCAFFOLD CORNEAL
  • 简介:AIM:Todescribethedesignandpreliminaryresultsofthehospitalbasedepidemiologicalstudyfordiabeticretinopathy(HBESDR),anongoingepidemiologicalstudytoestimatetheprevalenceofdiabeticretinopathy(DR)andtoelucidatetheclinical,anthropometric,biochemicalandanyotherriskfactorsassociatedwithdiabeticretinopathy.METHODS:Totally2000diabeteswillberecruitedfromtheDiabeteseyeclinicintheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofChinaMedicalUniversity.AllsubjectsunderwentbloodsugarestimationandOralGlucoseToleranceTesttodiagnosediabetes.Alldiabeteswouldundergocompletequestionnaire,acomprehensiveeyeexamination.Bloodandurinewouldbecollectedforbiochemicalinvestigations.AllfundusphotographsforanyDRwillbegraded.Participantswhoneedtreatmentwillbesenttotheophthalmicclinicandfollow-upintervalprogramforallsubjectswillbesuggested.Acomputerizeddatabaseiscreatedfortherecords.RESULTS:Todate,1174diabeteshavebeenrecruited,therewere350(29.81%)DRinalldiabetes,mostofthemwerewithmildnon-proliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR)(139,39.71%);71(20.29%)moderateNPDR,66(18.86%)severeNPDR,74(21.14%)proliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR).Females,longerdurationofdiabetes,familyhistoryofdiabetesandhypertensionhadastatisticallysignificantincreaseinriskofanyDR.CONCLUSION:ThestudyisexpectedtoprovideanestimateoftheoverallprevalenceofDRandtheprevalencewithdifferentdurationofdiabetesandalsoabetterunderstandingoftheriskfactorsassociatedwithDR.

  • 标签: DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PREVALENCE epidemiolo-gical STUDY
  • 简介:AIM:Todemonstratethemorphologyandstructureofinvitroreconstructedtissue-engineeredhumancornealepithelium(TE-HCEP)withseedercellsfromanuntransfectedHCEPcellline.·METHODS:TheTE-HCEPswerereconstructedinvitrowithseedercellsfromanuntransfectedHCEPcellline,andscaffoldcarriersofdenudedamnioticmembrane(dAM)inair-liquidinterfaceculturefor3,5,7and9days,respectively.Thespecimenswereexaminedwithhematoxylin-eosin(HE)stainingofparaffin-section,immunocytochemicalstaining,scanningandtransmissionelectronmicroscopy.·RESULTS:DuringinvitroreconstructionofTE-HCEP,HCEPcellsformeda3-4,6-7and8-10layersofanHCEP-likestructureondAMsinair-liquidinterfaceculturefor3,5and7days,respectively.Butthecellsdeceasedto5-6layersandthestructureofstraifiedepitheliumbecamelooseatday9.Andthecellsmaintainedpositiveexpressionofmarkerproteins(keratin3andkeratin12),cell-junctionproteins(zonulaoccludens-1,E-cadherin,connexin43andintegrinβ1)andmembranetransportproteinofNa+-K+ATPase.TheHCEPcellsinTE-HCEPwererichinmicrovillionapicalsurfaceandestablishednumerouscell-cellandcell-dAMjunctionsatday5.·CONCLUSION:ThemorphologyandstructureofthereconstructedTE-HCEPweresimilartothoseofHCEPinvivo.TheHCEPcellsinthereconstructedTE-HCEPmaintainedthepropertiesofHCEPcells,includingabilitiesofformingintercellularandcell-extracellularmatrixjunctionsandabilitiesofperformingmembranetransportation.TheuntransfectedHCEPcellsanddAMscouldpromisinglybeusedinreconstructionHCEPequivalentforclinicalcornealepitheliumtransplantation.

  • 标签: tissue-engineered HUMAN CORNEAL epithelium in VITRO