简介：随着互联网技术的发展及其与教育的有机结合，眼科教学面临新的机遇和挑战。应完善基于医疗“大数据”技术、虚拟现实技术和移动互联技术为主要内容的眼科教学方法，提升“互联网＋”背景下眼科教师的教学素养，从而促进学生自主学习、个性化学习，达到提高学习效率、改善学习效果的目的。

简介：目的：研究在高糖条件下,从海藻中萃取的新型多糖化合物对高糖诱导的视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞异常增殖的保护作用.方法：将体外培养的RPE细胞分为空白组、高糖组和多糖化合物组,空白组为正常RPE细胞培养液,高糖组为含30mmol/L葡萄糖的培养液,多糖化合物组为含30mmol/L葡萄糖和200mg/L多糖化合物的培养液.应用MTT法测量36h内不同时间点（6,12,24和36h）高糖以及多糖化合物对RPE细胞增殖影响.结果：高糖导致RPE细胞异常增殖,多糖化合物组RPE的细胞异常增殖明显得到保护,与高糖组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.结论：从海藻中萃取的新型多糖化合物可以明显保护高糖所导致的RPE细胞的异常增殖.

简介：目的：探讨中老年人膳食碳水化合物及脂肪摄入量与年龄相关白内障（age-relatedcataract,ARC）危险性之间的关系。方法：采用以医院为基础的病例对照研究方法。病例由45～85岁的360例白内障患者组成,对照由同期入住相同医院的360例非白内障的患者组成,采取1∶1匹配。采用自行设计的调查表对研究对象进行调查,内容包括人口学特征、生活方式、以及既往史等,同时还采用一份有效的半定量化食物频率调查表（FFQ）,获取研究对象膳食营养素的摄入情况。应用多因素Logistic回归分析估计碳水化合物及脂肪摄入量与ARC关联的比值比（OR）及其相应的95%可信区间（CI）。结果：调整多种潜在性混杂因素后,碳水化合物摄入量增加可使发生ARC的危险性升高,与摄入量为最低四分位数的对照相比较,摄入量为最高四分位数的病例发生ARC的OR为2.161（95%CI：1.107～5.016,P〈0.001）。同样,多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量也与ARC呈正相关,摄入量为最高四分位数的病例发生ARC危险性是最低四分位数对照的3倍（OR=2.989,95%CI：1.764～5.062,P〈0.001）。总脂肪摄入量与ARC无关（P=0.778）。结论：膳食碳水化合物及多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量增加可使发生ARC的危险性升高,合理营养、平衡膳食可能有助于预防ARC。

简介：目的探讨制霉菌素泡腾片与湿润烫伤膏水浴后混合物（简称制霉菌素油剂）的广谱抗真菌、改善耳道内环境、恢复耳道上皮分泌及自洁功能的效果。方法以60例行真菌涂片滴入氢氧化钾镜于下检查确诊为真菌性外耳道炎的患者为研究对象,2周为1个疗程,不得中途退出。常规清洁耳道,待耳道干燥后涂布制霉菌素油剂,治疗3~5次后评估患者耳道不适症状的改善、分泌物质与量的变化、上皮充血糜烂的恢复、真菌的检测分型与培养药敏变化。结果药剂分布均匀,耳内分泌物易排出,患者的舒适度与上皮功能恢复改善快。结论制霉菌素有广谱杀真菌效果,合用湿润烫伤膏的油剂可改善耳道内环境。制霉菌素油剂治疗真菌性外耳道炎符合耳道生理病理治疗需求,效果良好。

简介：目的：观察小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶对复发性翼状胬肉术后角膜切口修复的应用疗效。方法：将68例68眼行复发性翼状胬肉术后发生角膜切口水肿的患者随机分为2组,每组34例。对照组常规应用双氯芬酸钠滴眼液加抗生素滴眼液同时加用贝复舒滴眼液交替点眼,4次/d。治疗组除每日应用双氯芬酸钠滴眼液加抗生素滴眼液交替点眼外,使用小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶,4次/d,疗程1mo,于用药前和用药后3,7,14d;1mo分别对患者主觉症状、体征、角膜切口修复情况进行对比分析。结果：复发性翼状胬肉术后3,7,14d,治疗组角膜切口水肿较对照组明显消退,切口修复较快,主觉症状在短时间消退,术后1mo,两组无显著性差异。结论：小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶对复发性翼状胬肉术后角膜切口的早期修复起效时间短、舒适度好、安全性良好,对减少术后感染性角膜病的发生及术后角膜散光有良好的作用。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipbetweentheinfluencingfactorsoccurringbeforeandduringbirthinfull-terminfantsandtheoutcomeofretinopathy.·METHODS:Totally816full-terminfantsadmittedintheneonateintensiveunitofBoaiHospitalofZhongshanbetween1May,2008and30June,2011wereincludedinthestudy.Fundusexaminationwasperformedandevaluatedindividuallyonthemattheageof48hoursafterdelivery,2weeksand1month.Somepossibleriskfactorshappeningprenatallyorduringdeliverysuchaspregnantrelatedhypertension,placentaprevia,placentalabruptionetc,aswellassomeneonatalriskfactorssuchasneonatalasphyxia,hypoxic-ischemicencephalopathy(HIE),lowbirthweightetc,wererecordedandevacuated.Thentheeffectoftheriskfactorsoffull-terminfantsonretinopathywasstudied.·RESULTS:Theincidenceofretinalhemorrhageoffull-terminfantswithprenatalpregnantrelatedhypertension(PRH)ofthemother(43.6%)wassignificantlyhigherthanthatoffull-terminfantswithout(8.0%).(P<0.001).Theincidenceofretinalhemorrhageoffull-terminfantswithneonatalasphyxiaand/orhypoxic-ischemicencephalopathy(HIE)(29.3%)wassignificantlyhigherthanthatofthosewithout(15.7%),butcorrelationwasnotfoundbetweentheseverityofretinahemorrhageandthedegreeofhypoxicdisease.Apalecolorofopticdiscwasassociatedwithalowbirthweightoffull-terminfant.Full-terminfantswithbirthweighlessthan2500ghadasignificanthigherincidenceofretinopathythanthosewithbirthweightequalormorethan2500g(P<0.001).·CONCLUSION:Themaininfluencingfactorswhichleadtoretinopathyofhighriskfull-terminfantsareprenatalfactorssuchasPRH,andsomeneonatalriskfactorssuchasasphyxia,hypoxic-ischemicencephalopathy,andlowbirthweight.

简介：ToficIOL，又称散光人工晶状体，是将散光矫正与人工晶状体的球镜度数相结合的一种新型屈光性人工晶状体。ToficIOL可使白内障合并散光的患者获得更好的术后视觉效果。本文回顾了ToficIOL的发展史，全面讨论了ToficIOL植入的术前检查、手术方法和术后临床效果观察，分析探讨了ToficIOL目前存在的问题，并对其未来发展进行展望。

简介：·Descemet’smembranedetachment(DMD)canbeapotentiallyseriouscomplicationofintraocularsurgeryoroculartrauma.Thecauseisnotveryclear.WearetryingtoremindanawarenessofthespectrumofDMDresultingfromtrabeculectomybypresentingacaseofextensiveDMDaftertrabeculectomywhichwassuccessfullyrepaired.

简介：眼科疾患的影像学检查过去主要依靠头颅、眼眶平片、CT、超声、眼底萤光素血管造影、颈内、颈外动脉造影以及眼静脉造影等。九十年代末,磁共振成像(magneticresonanceimagingMRI)的问世使检查眼部疾病的方法发生了巨大的变化。MRI作为一种新的、无创伤、无痛苦、无辐

简介：Oculardrugtransportbarriersposeachallengefordrugdeliverycomprisingtheocularsurfaceepithelium,thetearfilmandinternalbarriersoftheblood-aqueousandblood-retinabarriers.Oculardrugdeliveryefficiencydependsonthebarriersandtheclearancefromthechoroidal,conjunctivalvesselsandlymphatic.Traditionaldrugadministrationreducestheclinicalefficacyespeciallyforpoorwatersolublemoleculesandfortheposteriorsegmentoftheeye.Nanoparticles(NPs)havebeendesignedtoovercomethebarriers,increasethedrugpenetrationatthetargetsiteandprolongthedruglevelsbyfewinternalsofdrugadministrationsinlowerdoseswithoutanytoxicitycomparedtotheconventionaleyedrops.Withtheaidofhighspecificityandmultifunctionality,DNANPscanberesultedinhighertransfectionefficiencyforgenetherapy.NPscouldtargetatcornea,retinaandchoroidbysurficialapplicationsandintravitrealinjection.ThisreviewisconcernedwithrecentfindingsandapplicationsofNPsdrugdeliverysystemsforthetreatmentofdifferenteyediseases.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheeffectofbrinzolamide-timololfixedcombinationonintraocularpressure(IOP)aftercataractsurgery.METHODS:Thestudyincluded92eyesof87patientswhounderwentcataractsurgeryandintraocularlensimplantation.Patientsscheduledforphacoemulsificationwereassignedto1of2groups.Thetreatmentgroupreceived1dropofbrinzolamide-timololfixedcombinationimmediatelyaftersurgery,andthecontrolgroupreceivednotreatment.TheIOPwasmeasuredpreoperativelyandat2hand24hpostoperatively.RESULTS:ThemeanIOPchangewaslowerinthetreatmentgroupthaninthecontrolgroupat2hpostoperatively.ThedifferencebetweenthemeanIOPvaluesofthetwogroupsat2hpostoperativelywasfoundtobestatisticallysignificant.Twenty-fourhoursafterthesurgery,themeanIOPchangewasstillhigherinthecontrolgroupwhencomparedtothetreatmentgroup.CONCLUSION:ThefixedcombinationbrinzolamidetimololcaneffectivelyreduceIOPaftercataractsurgery.

简介：<正>DearSir,IamProf.BeuyJoobfromSanitation1MedicalAcademicCenter,Bangkok,Thailand.Iwritetodiscusstherecentpublicationonproteomicanalysisindiabeticretinopathy(DR).Liuetal[1]concludedthattheirapproachbytwodimensionalfluorescencedifferencegelelectrophoresis(2D-DIGE)combinedwithmatrix-assistedlaser

简介：神经眼科学是介于神经科学和眼科学之间的一门交叉学科，掌握相关磁共振知识至关重要。磁共振血管造影、磁共振静脉造影以及脑功能磁共振成像是近年来发展迅速的核磁新技术，在神经眼科方面的应用上有其独特优势。

简介：·Thetherapeuticeffectofselenium(Se)hasalreadybeenproveninthyroiddiseaseandthyroidassociatedophthalmopathy(TAO).InspiteofclearscientificproofofitsbenefitsinTAO,thereappearstobenoclearagreementamongthecliniciansregardingitsoptimumdose,durationofthetreatment,efficacyandsafetytodate.Inthisreview,theauthorsummarisesthefindingsof135Englishlanguagearticlespublishedonthissubjectoverthepastfourdecadesfrom1973to2013.TheregulationandmetabolismofthyroidhormonesrequireasteadysupplyofSeandrecentstudieshaverevealedseveralpossiblemechanismsbywhichSeimprovestheseverityofthyroiddiseaseandTAO.Thesemechanismsinclude1)inhibitoryeffectofHLA-DRmoleculeexpressiononthyrocytes;2)profoundreductionsofthyroidstimulatinghormone(TSH)receptorantibodies(TSHR-Ab)andTPOantibodies(TPO-Ab);3)preventionofdysregulationofcell-mediatedimmunityandBcellfunction;4)neutralisingreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)andinhibitionofredoxcontrolprocessesrequiredfortheactivation,differentiationandactionoflymphocytes,macrophages,neutrophils,naturalkillercellsinvolvedinbothacuteandchronicorbitalinflammationinTAO;5)inhibitionofexpressionofproinflammatorycytokinesand6)inhibitionofprostaglandinandleukotrienesynthesis.AnincreasedoxidativestresshasbeenobservedinbothacuteandchronicphasesofthyroiddiseasewithraisedtissueconcentrationsofROS.ThebenefitsofSesupplementationinindividualswithTAOappeartobeproportionatetothedegreeofsystemicactivityofthethyroiddisease.ThemaximalbenefitofSesupplementationisthereforeseeninthesubjectswhoarehyperthyroid.RestorationofeuthyroidismisoneofthemaingoalsinthemanagementofTAOandwhenanti-thyroiddrugsarecombinedwithSe,thepatientswithGraves’disease(GD)andautoimmunethyroiditis(AIT)achievedeuthyroidismfasterthanthosetreatedwithanti-thyroiddrugsalone.SestatusofnormaladulthumanscanvarywidelyandSe

简介：目的：探讨儿童瞬目症BUT情况，为临床治疗提供依据。方法：215例患者均排除全身疾患，检查角膜、结膜、屈光不正等，着重检查BUT，详细了解患者病史，不良生活习惯等，治疗上停用含有防腐剂及激素类滴眼液，避免及纠正不良卫生及生活习惯，心理治疗，合理用眼，矫正屈光不正，给予不含防腐剂的滴眼液点眼，如3g／L艾丽滴眼液3次／d点眼，需用抗生素的给予可乐必妥滴眼液3～4次／d点眼，酌情给予抗病毒及维生素类药物。结果：215例患者BUT小于10s者197例（91．6％）326眼，其中5S以下123例224眼。本组215例病例中经过7～28d治疗，173例（80．5％）治愈，37例（17．2％）好转，5例（2．3％）无效，均未患眼部疾病，且不配合治疗，仍每天看电视或玩电脑游戏2h以上。经治疗BUT正常者192例（89．3％），好转19例（8．8％）无效者4例（1．9％）。随访1～6mo，复发31例，均为长期看电视、玩电脑、习惯揉眼者，BUT检查再次异常者，重复治疗后治愈或好转。结论：泪膜的保持并发挥其生理功能与瞬目动作休息相关，我们认为泪膜稳定性差是瞬目症的另一重要因素，BUT检查在诊治儿童瞬目症中起着关键的作用，它可以正确指导医生合理用药，使患者早日康复，而且简单易行，无痛苦，儿童易接受。我们建议BUT可作为儿童瞬目症的常规检查。

简介：目的研究传入神经物质-谷氨酸在小鼠耳蜗Corti器中的表达。方法应用免疫组化技术简洁而又成功地在光镜下对小鼠游离耳蜗Corti器中谷氨酸进行定位。结果显示小鼠耳蜗内,外毛细胞染色阳性,染色颗粒细而均匀。克服了谷氨酸神经递质用传统常规前包埋染色技术电镜下不能显示的缺点。结论证实谷氨酸是毛细胞的传入性神经递质。

简介：·AIM:Toinvestigatetheantifibroticeffectoffreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembraneontrabeculectomyinarabbitmodel.·METHODS:Twenty-fourJapanesewhiterabbitswererandomizedintothreegroups:theexperimentalgroup(oculartrabeculectomyincombinationwithfreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembranetransplantation),thecontrolgroup(oculartrabeculectomyincombinationwithnaturalbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembrane)andtheblankgroup(singletrabeculectomy).Clinicalobservation,hematoxylin-eosinstaining,Massionstaining,real-timePCRandimmunohistochemistryforα-SMAwereperformedondays7,14,21and30followingsurgery.·RESULTS:Statisticaldifferenceswerenotedinsurvivalanalysisandintraocularpressure(IOP)amonggroupsondays7,14,21and30followingsurgery.Histology,immunoh-istochemistryandreal-timePCRfurtherdemonstratedthattrabeculectomyincombinationwithfreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembraneresultedingoodwoundhealingandnoscarformation.·CONCLUSION:Self-madefreeze-driedbilayeredfibrin-bindingamnioticmembranemayinhibittheformationofscarringinglaucomaaftertrabeculectomy.·

简介：视网膜血管异常是很多常见致盲疾病的根本原因。包括：早产儿视网膜病变（中等收入国家儿童盲的重要原因）糖尿病视网膜病变（工业国家劳动力人群的最常见致盲原因）年龄相关性黄斑变性（世界范围内第三位的致盲原因）这些疾病的发生很大一部分原因是一种叫作血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的蛋白产生过量。这种蛋白在20世纪80年代被发现,它在血管的发生、生长过程中起重要作用。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethecharacteristicsandcriterionofgraftrejectioninmicemodel.METHODS:C57BL/6orBALB/cmicecornealgraftsweregraftedontoBALB/chosts.Eachgroupwasdividedintotwosubgroupsaccordingtothecornealopacityscores12daftertransplantation.Thecharacteristicsofopacityandneovascularizationwereobserved.Miceofthe12th,50thdayaftertransplantation,thegraftsbiopsyofmiceinallogeneicgroup1,whichopacityscoreexceed3,werepreparedforhistologicalobservationandthoserestoretransparentwereendothelialstained.RESULTS:Therewasnodifferenceofcornealopacityscoreonthe7thand12thdayafteroperation;thehistologicalresultshadnodisparitybetweensyngeneicgroupandallogeneicgroup.Onthe12thdayaftersurgery,theturbiditycurvewasapparentingraftswithopacityscore<2.Mononuclearcellswereshowningraftswithopacityscorereached3inallogeneicgroup1.Differentrejectionperformancewasobservedintissuesectionsonthe50thdayaftersurgery.CONCLUSION:Grafts,opacityscoreexceeds3fromthe7thtothe12thdayafteroperationcouldnotbejudgedasarejection.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothevariationofgraftsopacitysince12daftercornealtransplantation.

简介：<正>计算机技术的不断进步,促进了多媒体技术的崛起和飞速发展,其应用已遍及国民经济与社会生活的各个角落,正在对人类的生产方式、工作方式乃至生活方式带来巨大的变革。多媒体技术是以计算机为中心,把语音处理技术、图像处理技术、视听技术集成在一起,把语音信号,图象信号先通过模数转