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简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.
简介:Sandydesertificationislanddegradationcharacterizedbywinderosionmainlyresultedfromtheexcessivehumanactivitiesinarid,semiaridandpartofsub-humidregionsinnorthernChina.Theresearchonsandydesertificationhasexperiencedmorethan5decadesofarduouscourseofthestrugglealongwiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofChina′sdesertscience.Researchesinthisfieldhavemadeagreatcontributiontothenationaleconomicconstruction,andenvironmentalprotection.Thispaperfocusesonpresentingthemajorprogressandachievementsinthesandydesertificationresearchduringthelast50years,includingthestagesofstudyonsandydesertification,backgroundenvironmentofsandydesertificationanditschanges,theconception,causes,process,monitoringandassessmentofsandydesertification,thevegetationsuccession,landscapeecology,plantphysiology,impactsonecosystem,high-effectiveuseofwaterandlandresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentinsandydesertifiedregions,sandydesertificationcontrolmodelsandtechniquesetc.
简介:近几十年来,国内外泥炭沼泽地球化学研究取得了一系列重要进展,特别是在脂类化合物和稳定同位素等方面.泥炭沼泽是一个良好的地质档案,泥炭纤维素碳、氢和氧同位素组成和比值是环境变化的综合参数,沉积脂类化合物含有反映有机质母源先质的骨架结构,这些标志物高分辨率地记录了全新世以来古气候、古植被和古环境的演变信息,在当今全球变化研究中占有相当重要的地位.本文综述了泥炭沼泽地球化学研究进展,侧重于泥炭沼泽脂类化合物和稳定同位素等标志物的地球化学研究现状和发展趋势;侧重论述了研究技术的发展、定性说明到定量分析的过渡、研究精度的提高及存在的问题,分析了这些分子标志物与植被演替、气候变迁和环境变化间的对应关系,指出了我国在该方面的薄弱之处以及需加强的领域.
简介:陆地生态系统作为地球表层复杂系统中重要一环是全球碳氮循环研究的核心内容之一,在陆地生态系统研究中模型作为一种必不可少的手段备受关注.近年来,国际上发展了多种基于不同原理和目标的模型,其模拟结果也不尽相同.为了对这些模型进行比较研究,国际上开展了多个模型比较研究计划.本文在简述各种模型比较计划的基础上,阐述了目前国际上一些比较成功的模型的研究进展;指出模型的进一步发展必须建立在对生态系统各个组成要素、生态过程及其对气候变化的响应与反馈机制研究的基础之上.耦合大气、岩石圈、生物圈从机理上模拟碳氮动态,同时在进行区域或全球尺度评价时引入遥感、地理信息系统等手段,将是未来模型发展的趋势.