简介:StudyontheavoidanceresponseofPenaeuschinensistoheavymetals(Pb,Cr,Zn)andheavymetalmixtures(Pb-Cr,Pb-Zn)iscarredoutusingaY-modelavoidanceapparatus.Theconcentrationscalculatedtoinduce50%avoidanceratebyPenaeuschinensisare11.4,33.2and238.1mg/LforPb,CrandZn,respectively.MixturesofPb-CrandPb-ZnproduceadditiveeffectintheavoidancetestusingPenaeuschinesis.ButwhenthemixedPb-Znsolutionhas0.5toxicunitPband0.5toxicunitZn,themixtureseemstohavesynergisticeffect.
简介:摘要在眼下的这个时代当中,社会的发展是离不开化学的。随着我国经济的发展,我国相关化工行业的发展也愈发的迅速。在化工厂进行化工生产过程当中,通过不同的方式可以提高反应生产的效率,帮助化工厂降低生产成本增加营收。在进行化工生产之时,有效地提高能源的使用率是一个帮助降低化工生产成本的重要方法。所以在各个有关化工的企业当中,有效的节约能源也是各个企业竞争的方向之一。而在最近几年来,环境问题是深受国家以及社会所关注的,但是在进行化工生产的过程当中,由于能源的消耗,相应的排放总是必不可少的,所以在这个方面减少排放量也是各个化工企业的竞争方向。而在最近几年来,随着我国经济的不断发展,我国人民拥有的汽车数量越来越多。汽车增多的同时,也带来了排放量的增多,这种现象的出现显然是跟我国减少排放的政策是相互违背的。为了能够落实我国的环境政策,对汽油当中的含铅进行控制成为了当前汽车相关行业所重视的问题之一。也正是由于这个问题的出现,让我们所说的MTBE有了更为广泛的应用。MTBE是一种理想的汽油调和剂,将这种物质加入到汽油当中以后。它可以消耗掉在汽车拿上去油过程当中会完全反应的碳四。同时,它也可以用于生产丁烯-1等化工原料。而造成这种原料则可以在医药当中进行广泛的应用。
简介:摘要在眼下的这个时代当中,社会的发展是离不开化学的。随着我国经济的发展,我国相关化工行业的发展也愈发的迅速。在化工厂进行化工生产过程当中,通过不同的方式可以提高反应生产的效率,帮助化工厂降低生产成本增加营收。在进行化工生产之时,有效地提高能源的使用率是一个帮助降低化工生产成本的重要方法。所以在各个有关化工的企业当中,有效的节约能源也是各个企业竞争的方向之一。而在最近几年来,环境问题是深受国家以及社会所关注的,但是在进行化工生产的过程当中,由于能源的消耗,相应的排放总是必不可少的,所以在这个方面减少排放量也是各个化工企业的竞争方向。而在最近几年来,随着我国经济的不断发展,我国人民拥有的汽车数量越来越多。汽车增多的同时,也带来了排放量的增多,这种现象的出现显然是跟我国减少排放的政策是相互违背的。为了能够落实我国的环境政策,对汽油当中的含铅进行控制成为了当前汽车相关行业所重视的问题之一。也正是由于这个问题的出现,让我们所说的MTBE有了更为广泛的应用。MTBE是一种理想的汽油调和剂,将这种物质加入到汽油当中以后。它可以消耗掉在汽车拿上去油过程当中会完全反应的碳四。同时,它也可以用于生产丁烯-1等化工原料。而造成这种原料则可以在医药当中进行广泛的应用。
简介:摘要:MTBE/丁烯-1装置在化工生产中应用十分广泛,催化剂失活是装置生产过程中的重要问题。本文分析了催化剂寿命的影响因素,针对催化剂的失活原因简述了应对措施,最后探讨如何延长MTBE/丁烯-1装置催化剂寿命。
简介:BasedonPb-Pbisochrondataofmorethan40Precambrianpolymetallicdeposits,theauthorsconsiderthattherearefourmineralizationperiodsforthePrecambriancopperdepositsinChina,andthemajorcopperdepositswereformedatabout1800Ma;therearethreemineralizationperiodsforgolddepositsformedfromArchaeantoProterozoic.BystudyinghundredsofleadisotopedatafromsomeMesozoiccontinentalsubvolcanicCuandAgpolymetallicdepositsandfine-disseminatedgolddeposits,theauthorsfoundthatthecalculationbasedontheleadsingle-stageevolutionmodelortwo-stageevolutionmodelcannotgivethetrueore-formingagesbutcanprovidemoreinformationaboutmineralizationandmaterialsourcesofthedeposits.
简介:Thesuper-largePb-ZndepositatFankouisverycomplexinmetallogenicmechanism.Syngeneticbrinesedimentation,hotsubmarinespringeruption-accumulation,syngeneticsedimentation-vadosebrinereplacementhadbeensupposedasthegeneticmodelsbefore.Underthesemodels,syngeneticmineralizationshouldbedominantinoreformation.However,aseriesofgeologicalandgeochemicalpropertiesinvestigatedbyauthorsofthispaperarecontrarytothesemodels.Therefore,theauthorsheresuggestthatthisdepositisatypicalpolygeneticcompoundoredepositwhichsharethepropertiesofmultistagesofgeotectonicevolution,multifactorsofmineralizationcontrol,multisystemofmaterialderivationofmineralization,multimodesofmineralizationandmultitypesofgenesis.
简介:Emeishan洪水暗岩能被划分成high-Ti(HT)暗岩(Ti/Y>500)和low-Ti(副)暗岩(Ti/Y<500)。Sr,熔岩的Nd同位素的特征显示副--并且HT类型岩浆从不同披风来源和父母岩浆发源。TheLT类型岩浆从更浅的石版印刷被导出球的披风,而HT类型岩浆从更深的披风来源被导出,那可以是可能一根披风羽毛。然而,theEmeishan洪水暗岩上的很少研究包含了他们的Pb同位素,特别Ertan暗岩。在这篇论文,作者以Pb同位素从Ertan区域调查了暗岩样品,充满暗岩以便抑制Emeishan的来源。~(206)的比率Pb/~(204)Pb(18.31-18.41),~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb(15.55-15.56)和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb(38.81-38.94)比弄空的披风的那些显著地高,就躺在他们Ⅰ和他们Ⅱ之间。这显示EmeishanHT暗岩(在Ertan区域)是他们Ⅰ结束成员和他们Ⅱ结束成员混合的结果。
简介:Tianqiaocarbonate-hostedPb-Zndeposit,controlledbyNW-trendingF37thrustfaultandNW-trendingTianqiaoanticline,islocatedintheeasternpartofSichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou(SYG)Pb-Znmetallogenicprovince,southwesternYangtzeBlock,southwestChina.OrebodiesinthisdepositarehostedintheDevonian-Carboniferouscarbonaterocks,andoremineralsincludesphalerite,galenaandpyrite,whiletheganguemineralsaredominatedbycalciteanddolomite.Usinghigh–precisionsolidthermalionizationmassspectrometry(TIMS),thispaperreportsthestrontiumisotopiccompositions(0.7119to0.7167)ofsulfidesamplesfromtheTianqiaodepositinordertotracetheoriginofhydrothermalfluids.Comparedwiththecountryrocks,thecalculated87Sr/86Sr200Mavaluesofsulfiderangefrom0.7118to0.7130,higherthanthoseoftheage-correctedDevoniantoPermiansedimentaryrocks(0.7073to0.7101)andtheMiddlePermianEmeishanfloodbasalts(0.7078to0.7039),butlowerthanthoseoftheage-correctedProterozoicbasementrocks(suchastheKunyangandHuiliGroups,87Sr/86Sr200Ma=0.7243to0.7288).Thisimpliesamixedstrontiumsourcebetweentheolderbasementrocksandtheyoungercoversequences.Togetherwithgeologicandpreviousisotopicevidences,weconsideredthatthefluids'mixingisapossiblemechanismforsulfideprecipitationintheTianqiaodeposit.
简介:Onthebasisofmineralparagenesisandthechemistryandhomogenizationtemperaturesoffluidinclusions,thephysicochemicalparameterswerecalculatedfortheformationoftheDalingkouAg-Pb-ZudepositinZhejiang.Fromtheearlytothelatestageofmineralizationtheore-formingtemperatureveriationwasfoundtobe298.5℃→267.0℃→217.6℃→167.3℃,withacorrespondingpHchangeof3.0-5.8→6.1→6.7→5.0→7.3.Thepressurechangedfrom403.8to128.5atm,andlogfS2-9.9→-11.2→<-15;logfO2<-44→-45.6--42.6→>-44.2;andlogfCO2around-1.55.Inconjunctionwithgeologicalobservations.thedepositisconsideredtobeofmeso-epithermalorigin,i.e.,itwasformedaftercontinentalvolcanic-subvolcanicactivity.ThemajorfactorsaffectingoreprecipitationarethedecreasingtemperatureandtheincreasingpHofore-formingsolutions.
简介:MarbleisassociatedwithultrahighpressureeclogiteintheDabieMountains.EastChina.U-Pbisotopedataforthemarbledefinea238U-206Pbisochronageof435±45awithaninitial206Pb/204Pbvalueof18.075±0.006,Theageof-435MaisinterpretedtorepresentthetimeoflimestonediagensisratherthanthetimeofmetarmorphicresettingaccompaniedbytheformationoftheultrahighpressureeclogitesatTriassic.ThepaleontologicandstratigraphicstudiesalsofavoralocalexcursioninthecarbonisotopiccompositionofthelatestordovicianwaterwithinasedimentarybasinbetweentheSino-KoreanandYangtzecratos.Becasusethelatestordovicianlimestonewasinvolvedintheeclogiteformation,thecontinentalcollisionbetweentheYangtzeandSino-KoreanPlateswouldpostdateordovican.
简介:MetallogenicDynamicsofZhashuiAg-PbPolymetallicOreDepositinShaanxi,ChinaWeiJunhao;LiJianwei;WangSiyuan(FacultyofEarthResources...
简介:1IntroductionDengfuxianorefieldliesattheintersectionoftheQin-HangCombinedZone(QCZ)andtheNanlingMetallogenic,andcomprisesXiangdongW-Sndeposit(AlsoknownasDengfuxianW-Sndeposit),Jiguanshi
简介:ThreelogarithmiclinearequationsbetweenDMeV/Land[mNaCl],andtherelationshipofDMeV/LversusF/ClorK/NamoleratioshavebeenestablishedbytheexperimentsofthepartitioningofPbandZnbetweengraniticsilicatemeltandaqueousfluid.Theseresultshavebeenusedtoquantitativelystudysomeessentialproblems,suchasthepossibilityanddegreeofPb-Znmineralizationinthesystemofgraniticmagmaandhydrothermalfluid,andtheinfluenceoftherelativecontentsofalkaliandvolatilesonthePb-Znmineralizationinthesamesystem.Somenewpointshavebeenputforwardinthispaper.
简介:本文提供了从1975年至今在北海采用的EOR技术的总结和指导原则。在北海已经采用的5项技术是注混相烃气、WAG、SWAG(水气同时交替注入)、FAWAG(泡沫辅助水气交替注入)和MEOR。用每项EOR技术的各自成熟程度或成熟期、技术应用限制以及在增油基础上的工艺效率,鉴定在北海已经采用的每种EOR技术。除了在Ekofisk油田进行的WAG和在SnorreCFB进行的FAWAG外,所有技术都在相应的油田获得了成功。认为注混相烃气和WAG在北海是成熟技术。在北海最普遍采用的技术是WAG并且被认为是最成功的EOR技术。出现的主要问题是注入能力(WAG、SWAG和FAWAG项目)、注入系统监测和油藏非均质性(注混相烃气、WAG、SAWAG、和FAWAG项目)。在报道的所有EOR技术矿场应用中,有约63%是在挪威大陆架进行的,有32%是在英国大陆架进行的,其余的是在丹麦大陆架进行的。Statoil是在北海进行EOR技术矿场应用的领先者。以后,大部分研究将集中在微生物工艺、注C02和WAG(包括SWAG)方面。在这次评述中没有考虑室内技术、世界统计、模拟工具和经济评价,因为这些方面超出了本文的范围。
简介:Verticalprofilesfortheuranium-seriesradioisotopes210Pband210Powereobtainedatthetwohydrothermalventsites,theIheyaRidgeandtheMinami-EnseiKnoll,intheMid-OkinawaTroughin1993and1994,respectively.In1995,bothradioisotopesweremeasuredattheMinami-EnseiKnollagain.AttheIheyaRidge,wherethehydrothermalactivityisnotactiveasreflectedbytheCH4and222Rndata,boththetotal210Pband210Poactivitiesshowdeficiencyrelativetotheirparents,andthemeanresidencetimeof210Pband210Poisapproximatelyequalto20and2~5a,respectively.AttheMinami-EnseiKnoll,whichischaracterizedbyblacksmokers,thetotal210Pb(0.167×10-3~2.5×10-3Bq/kg)aroundtheplumesisdeficientrelativeto226Rabutthetotal210Poactivities(1.83×10-3~2.83×10-3Bq/kg)areinexcessrelativeto210Pb.The210PoactivitiesarehigherthanthoseintheEastChinaSeaandtheOkinawaTroughandexcess210Pohasbeenfound.The210Pb/226Raand210Po/210Pbactivityratiosare0.1~0.4and1.1~7.8,respectively.210Pbispreferentiallyscavengedinthehydrothermalplumes.Thepossiblemechanismsgoverningtheconcentrationof210PbintheMinami-EnseiKnollinvolvealateraltransportof210Pbviadiffusion.Thehigh210Po/210Pbactivityratiosinthehydrothermalplumessuggestadepletionof210Pbandadditionof210Pointhehydrothermalventarea.