简介：TwomethodsforsmoothingpseudorangeobservablebyCarrierandDopplerarediscussed.ThentheprocedurebasedontheRINEXobservationfilesistestedusingtheAshtechZ-XII3TgeodeticreceiversdrivenbyastableexternalfrequencyatUNSO.Thispaperproposestoadaptthisprocedureforthelinksbetweengeodeticreceivers,inordertotakeadvantageofthePcodesavailableonL1andL2.Thisnewprocedureusesthe30-secondRINEXobservationsfiles,thestandardoftheInternationalGPSService(IGS),andprocessestheionosphere-freecombinationofthecodesP1andP2;thesatellitepositionsarededucedfromtheIGSrapidorbits,availableaftertwodays.

简介：-Thetemperaturedistributionsobtainedbydifferentmethodsofanalysisforsolvingthermaltransferofreinforcedconcrete(R.C.)submarineoiltanks(RCSOT),includingflatwallmethod,cylinderwallmethodandfiniteelementmethod,arecomparedwiththeexperimentaldataofthermaltransferofRCSOT.Theprecisionandscopeofapplicabilityofdifferentmethodsarediscussed.TheprincipleforselectinganalysismethodforsolvingthermaltransferofRCSOTisgiven.TheanalyticalandexperimentaltemperaturedistributionsshowthatthewallofRCSOTshouldconsistofdoublewallsandemptyspacebetweenthemshouldbefilledwithsandorotherheatinsulationmaterialstoreducethetemperaturedifferenceofthewallandtopreventconcretefromcracking.

简介：基于散布途径的连续顺序，为垂直地不同类的飞机平行媒介的一个完整的向量放射的转移模型(SOSVRT)被开发了。克服集中的计算负担，由截断与一个几何系列散布订单的一种简单近似技术被用来减少计算时间。有三种对称关系和二个相互的反的操作员的阶段矩阵的分析Fourier分解被实现了进一步改进计算效率。改进精确性，一个processing以后过程被实现精确地插入内推在任意的角度的Stokes向量。有为随机面向的过寺院生活的球状体的气氛的基准的比较证明为各个的优秀同意司烧参数(在0.1%以内)。SOSVRT被测试了放射的转移建模因为对RT3的不同大气的状况，它基于双增加的方法，和结果证明SOSVRT在向量精确、更有效，特别为光薄空气，它是在极化的放射的转移模拟的最普通的盒子。SOSVRT在Fortran90被写，代码由联系作者是自由地可存取的。关键词放射的转移-极化-散布的连续顺序-散布

简介：Thecalculativemethodofheattransfercoefficientbetweenicecoverandwaterisanalyzedconsideringtheheatbalanceaticecoverbottomfirstly.Theheattransfercoefficientiscalculatedwiththemeteorological,oceanographicdataandseaiceconditionsmeasuredontheJZ20-2Oil/GasPlatformintheBohaiSeaduringthewinterof1997/1998.Fromtheresults,itisshownthattheheattransfercoefficientissmallerinthefreezingandmeltingperiods,whichisabout0.16×10-3and0.04×10-3respectively.Inthemiddleoficeseason,theheattransfercoefficienthasalargervalue,whichisabout0.5×10-3.Lastly,theinfluencesoficethicknessandicetypeontheheattransfercoefficientarediscussed.Withtheheattransfercoefficientdeterminedabove,theoceanicheatfluxinthewinterof1997～1998iscalculated,anditstrendinthewinterisanalyzed.ThisstudycanbereferencedintheseaicenumericalsimulationandpredictionintheBohaiSea.

简介：ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｍｅｄｉａｉｎｅｐｉｃｅｎｔｒａｌａｒｅａｂｙｇｅｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒａｎｓｆｅｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓＸｉａｏ－ＰｉｎｇＺＥＮＧ；（曾小苹）Ｙｕｎ－ＦａｎｇＬＩＮＩ；（林云芳）Ｚｈｏｎｇ－ＪｉｅＺＨ...

简介：

简介：ＴｈｅａｎｏｍａｌｏｕｓｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｇｅｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｔａｌｆｉｅｌｄｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｆｏｒｅＴａｎｇｓｈａｎｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅＳＨＡＯＪＩＮＧＧＯＮＧ（龚绍京）ＨＵＡＲＡＮＣＨＥＮ（...

简介：Alargenumberofdebrisflowdisasters(calledSeismicdebrisflows)wouldoccurafteranearthquake,whichcancauseagreatamountofdamage.UAVlow-altituderemotesensingtechnologyhasbecomeameansofquicklyobtainingdisasterinformationasithastheadvantageofconvenienceandtimeliness,butthespectralinformationoftheimageissoscarce,makingitdifficulttoaccuratelydetecttheinformationofearthquakedebrisflowdisasters.Basedontheaboveproblems,aseismicdebrisflowdetectionmethodbasedontransferlearning(TL)mechanismisproposed.Onthebasisoftheconstructedseismicdebrisflowdisasterdatabase,thefeaturesacquiredfromthetrainingoftheconvolutionalneuralnetwork(CNN)aretransferredtothedisasterinformationdetectionoftheseismicdebrisflow.Theautomaticdetectionofearthquakedebrisflowdisasterinformationisthencompleted,andtheresultsofobject-orientedseismicdebrisflowdisasterinformationdetectionarecomparedandanalyzedwiththedetectionresultssupportedbytransferlearning.

简介：Accurateestimatesofalbedosarerequiredinclimatemodeling.Accurateandsimpleschemesforradiativetransferwithincanopyarerequiredfortheseestimates,butseverelimitationsexist.Thispaperdevelopedafour-streamsolarradiativetransfermodelandcoupleditwithalandsurfaceprocessmodel.Theradiativemodelusesafour-streamapproximationmethodasintheatmospheretoobtainanalyticsolutionsofthebasicequationofcanopyradiativetransfer.Asananalyticalmodel,thefour-streamradiativetransfermodelcanbeeasilyappliedefficientlytoimprovetheparameterizationoflandsurfaceradiationinclimatemodels.Ourfour-streamsolarradiativetransfermodelisbasedonatwo-streamshortwaveradiativetransfermodel.Itcansimulateshortwavesolarradiativetransferwithincanopyaccordingtotherelevanttheoryintheatmosphere.Eachparameterofthebasicradiativetransferequationofcanopyhasspecialgeometryandopticalcharactersofleavesorcanopy.Theupwardordownwardradiativefluxesarerelatedtothediffusephasefunction,theG-function,leafreflectivityandtransmission,leafareaindex,andthesolarangleoftheincidentbeam.Thefour-streamsimulationiscomparedwiththatofthetwo-streammodel.Thefour-streammodelisprovedsuccessfulthroughitsconsistentmodelingofcanopyalbedoatanysolarincidentangle.Inordertocompareandfinddifferencesbetweentheresultspredictedbythefour-andtwo-streammodels,anumberofnumericalexperimentsareperformedthroughexaminingtheeffectsofdifferentleafareaindices,leafangledistributions,opticalpropertiesofleaves,andgroundsurfaceconditionsonthecanopyalbedo.Parallelexperimentsshowthatthecanopyalbedospredictedbythetwomodelsdiffersignificantlywhentheleafangledistributionissphericalandvertical.Theresultsalsoshowthatthedifferenceisparticularlygreatfordifferentincidentsolarbeams.OneadditionalexperimentiscarriedouttoevaluatethesimulationsoftheBATSla

简介：在地热的系统，在wellbore的热流动的温度分发依赖于井结构和包围形成的地质的条件。在管料盒子体环的热转移的理解能在生产过程期间减少wellbore液体的热损失。现在的学习在体环讨论热转移的可能的工具，并且为与08的一个更宽的有效条件估计对流的热转移系数开发一个piecewise方程。由把放射和自然传送对流变换成相等的热传导，他们的和被定义为全部的热传导性在体环描述热转移。结果显示充满气体的体环能在wellbore为液体作为一个好热障碍被利用。另外，当环形的尺寸增加和材料有高放射率时，放射的贡献将增加在全部的热传导性占据一个多数比例。否则，热放射只是第二个因素。

简介：Thispaperproposesamethodonanalyzingtheasynchronism-synchronismofprecipitationofdifferenthydrologicalregionsregardingtheS-to-NwatertransferareasofeasternChina.Thegeneralprocessoftheanalysisincludesthreesteps.Firstly,wecreatedtherainfallseriesoftheregionconcernedbycalculatingtheregionalaveragerainfallofthestationsintheareawiththehelpoftheclassicalThiessenPolygonmethod.Secondly,thestandardsofassessmentindicesforwetnessordrynessaresetaccordingtoGammadistributionfunctionwithacertainprobabilityP37.5%or62.5%givenrespectively.Finally,thefrequencyofninecombinationsarecountedasthequantitativefeatureofasynchronismandsynchronisminthreetimescales,thatistheyearly,seasonalandmonthlyscales.Theasynchronism-synchronismoftworegionpairshasbeenestimated.Theresultsshowthatthefrequencyofprecipitationasynchronismin1957-1998islargerthanthesynchronismfrequencyforboththeNorthChina-middleandlowerYangtzeRiverpairandfortheNorthChina-upperHanjiangRiverpair.Asforthesynchronismphenomena,thefrequencyofNd-Sdisratherlow.AsthecombinationsthataresuitableforwatertransfersareNd-Sw,Nn-Sw,Nd-SnandNn-Sn,thetotalfrequencyofthesecombinationsforNorthChina-middleandlowerYangtzeRiveris40%onanannualbasis,butonly28%inspringwhenwatershortagesaremostlikelytooccur.ThetotalfrequencyofthesecombinationsforNorthChina-upperHanjiangRiverisabout24%onanannualbasis,but35%inspringandwinter.Itshouldbenotedthatiffutureprecipitationpatternsaresimilartothatoftheperiod1957-1998,itisveryimportanttochangethenaturalcharacterofasynchronism-synchronismbyenhancingthecapabilityofhydro-projectsregulationandimprovingmanagementofthewatertransferproject.

简介：为学习在地区性的规模上的人为的硫酸盐和气候的反应的放射的强迫的三个主要方法，与为到硫酸盐的transformingSO_2的给定的率，第一把实际上释放的SO_2正在变换成硫酸盐并且由在气候模型计算转移方程获得硫酸盐的分发。第二在在网上结合的地区性的气候模型通过事的化学反应和转移正在获得硫酸盐分发为硫化物包括完整的化学反应的一个大气的化学模型。Thethird是把硫酸盐分发数据放从GCM和它的联合大气的化学模型到地区性的气候模型，它是因此调用了离线的联合方法。是出现在比较在之间在网上并且脱机在地区性的规模上当模特儿，硫酸盐的放射的气候效果从各种各样的方法由于重要影响显示出大不确定性。

简介：三个功能的模特儿，多项式，光谱分析，和修改AR当模特儿，基于从双向卫星时间和频率转移导出的数据顺序在恰当、预言的钟偏差被学习并且比较。柔韧的当量被使用，它控制无关的观察的重要影响。一些结论证明柔韧的评价的预言精确比LS的好。从弄平的观察计算的预言精确比从采样观察计算了高。作为在钟偏差顺序的明显的时期变化的一个计数，多项式模型的预言的价值是难以置信的。光谱分析模型的预言精确是很低的，但是主要时期能是坚定的。6小时的推测间隔的预言RMS是1ns左右，当修改AR模型被使用时。

简介：