简介:TheesterificationoflauricacidwithmethanolcouldbeefficientlycatalyzedbyZrOCl2·8H2O,andthisreactionwasstudiedtodevelopagreenmethodforbiodieselproduction.Theinfluencingfactors,suchasamountofcatalyst,reactiontimeandmolarratioofacidtomethanol,wereinvestigated.TheresultsindicatedthattheZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalystshowedhighcatalyticactivity,andgavea97.0%methyllaurateconversionrateunderthefollowingoptimizedconditions,viz.:alauricacid/methanolmolarratioof1:10,acatalystdosageof4%,andareactiondurationof2hatmethanolrefluxingtemperature.Thecatalystcouldbeeasilyrecoveredwhileitsactivitycouldbewellretainedafterthreecycles.TheZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalystalsoexhibitedexcellentcatalyticactivityfortheesterificationofdifferentfreelong-chainfattyacids(includingnonedibleoilswithhighacidvalue)withdifferentshortcarbonchainalcohols.Therefore,theZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalysthasgoodpotentialforthesynthesisofbiodieselfromlow-costfeedstockssuchaswastevegetableoilsandnon-edibleoils.
简介:TheMoS2catalystswerepreparedfromvariousmolybdateprecursorsincludinginorganicandorganicmolybdatecompounds.ThesulfidationdegreeandmorphologyofactivephasesofMoS2activatedbyvariousmolybdateprecursorsinH2S/H2streamatdifferenttemperatureswerestudiedbyX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS)andhigh-resolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy(HRTEM).TheorganicmolybdateprecursorsleadtoMoS2catalystswithhighersulfidationdegreeandsmalleractivephasestodemonstratehighercatalyticactivityduringhydrodesulfurizaiton(HDS)of4,6-DMDBT.
简介:Inthispaper,2-isopropylnaphthalenehasbeensynthesizedbythereactionofnaphthaleneandisopropylbromide,usingtriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidasthecatalyst.Theeffectofthecatalystcomposition,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratioofthereagentsonthe2-isopropylnaphthaleneyieldwassystematicallyinvestigated.Theoptimalreactionconditionscover:anAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof2.0,areactiontimeof3h,areactiontemperatureof15.0℃,avolumefractionofionicliquidtothemixture(isopropylbromide,n-dodecaneandn-hexane)of9%,andanaphthalene/isopropylbromidemolarratioof4.0.Undertheoptimalreactionconditions,theconversionofisopropylbromidereached98%andtheselectivityof2-isopropylnaphthalenewasequalto80%.ThetestresultsverifiedgoodcatalyticactivityuponusingEt3NHCl-AlCl3ionicliquidasthecatalystforalkylationofnaphthalenewithisopropylbromide.Theactivityoftheionicliquidremainsunchangedafterithasbeenrecycledfor4times.
简介:鄂尔多斯盆地西仁沟地区延长组长2储层为典型的低渗储层。针对其形成因素复杂、分布规律认识不清等问题,采取微观观察与宏观钻井统计相结合的方法,在大量铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性及钻井等资料分析的基础上,对该区长2储层砂岩的沉积特征、岩石学特征、孔渗特征、成岩作用类型、孔隙类型及孔隙结构等进行了深入研究。结果表明:形成于分流河道沉积背景下的长2储层砂岩具有沉积物粒度偏细、成熟度较低的岩石学特征,储集空间主要为原生粒间孔隙和次生溶蚀孔隙.圈闭类型主要为构造一岩性圈闭;大量发育的泥质和钙质夹层造成油水纵向分异程度较差,并进一步分隔油层,使单油层层内非均质性增强。总体上西仁沟地区长2储层的宏观展布受局部构造、储层岩性和物性的综合控制,对优质储层的展布具有重要的影响。
简介:Throughimprovingtheagingprocessduringsynthesisofthesupport,γ-Al2O3withlargeporevolumeandhighsurfaceareawassynthesizedbyafacilesecondaryreformingmethod.Thesynthesisparameters,suchasthereactiontemperature,thefirstagingtemperatureandthesecondagingtemperature,wereinvestigated.Thetexturalpropertiesofγ-Al2O3werecharacterizedbymeansofN2adsorption-desorptionisotherms,X-raypowderdiffractometry(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),Fouriertransforminfrared(FTIR)spectroscopyandthermogravimetry(TG).TheexperimentalresultsindicatedthatAACHandamorphousAlOOHweretheprecursorsofalumina,whichwereformedviaprecipitationfromsolutionsafterreactionofaluminumsulphatewithammoniumhydrogencarbonate.Theprecursornanocrystallitesgrewandre-assembledduringthesecondaryreformingprocess,whichresultedinanincreasedporesizeandporevolumeandadecreasedbulkdensity.Theas-synthesizedγ-Al2O3materialsfeaturedmeso/macroporosity,largeporevolume(2.175cm3/g),highsurfacearea(237.8m2/g),andlowbulkdensity(0.284g/mL).
简介:在油田开发前期的地质储量计算过程中.由于掌握的地质资料较少,采用确定法很难准确求取各储量计算参数,导致储量计算结果存在较大的不确定性。在介绍蒙特卡罗法原理、研究思路及研究方法,并对关键环节进行重点剖析的基础上.以海上某油田为例,通过卡方检验函数优选出各储量计算参数的概率分布数学模型。对整个地质储量进行随机模拟,确定储量的高、中、低方案值,并开展了储量敏感性研究:最后对该方法的适用性进行探讨。研究表明:在地质分析的基础上。且保证评价资料样本点充足的前提下。有效应用蒙特卡罗法,能够更客观地反映储量的评价结果,同时该方法可为开发前期或初期阶段国内外油气资源的同类评估提供指导。
简介:大庆喇萨杏油田已进入特高含水期,为实现精细分层注水,提高油层动用程度,减缓油气产量递减趋势,开展了录井资料在油田开发精细分层注水试验,应用录井井壁取心资料对大庆喇萨杏油田精细分层注水试验区的剩余油分布状况、油层水淹程度及注水开发效果进行研究分析,总结各开发区块试验区的典型层井壁取心及测井资料规律特征,建立综合分析标准.根据横向对比、小层追踪原则进行综合分析,对各套井网开发层系整体注水开发效果进行评价,为编制精细分层注水施工方案提供可靠的地质参考依据.各开发区块编制方案过程中参考并结合现场施工及井况等进行应用,实际应用效果较好.
简介:准噶尔盆地东部吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组发育大套致密油层,由于岩性复杂,碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩层薄且频繁交替,加之水平井钻井工艺复杂和水平段长,致使岩屑细小,影响了常规地质录井岩性鉴定、地层划分及水平井地质导向的准确性。钻探现场利用碳酸盐岩分析仪获取岩屑中方解石和白云石的矿物含量,结合区域地质、油气显示和实钻地层岩性特征进行层位卡取,采取连续分析碳酸盐岩含量的变化特征、结合优质储集层油气显示特征和岩性特征的方法指导水平井地质导向。现场十余口井的实际应用表明,碳酸盐岩分析在吉木萨尔凹陷致密油勘探中可作为岩性识别、地层卡取和水平井地质导向的一种有效录井方法。