简介：Thecurrentapplicablerelease&dispersionmodelsarereviewed.AtypicalmodelisdevelopedonthebasisofLPGstorageconditionsinChinaandtheauthors'research.ThestudyisfocusedontherelationshipbetweenLPGcompositionandreleaserate,andontheinfluenceofbuildingsorstructureslocatedinthesurroundingareaonthedispersionofgasplume.Theestablishedmodeliscomparedwithexistingmodelsbytheuseofpublishedfieldtestdata.

简介：Inordertofurtherreducethesulfurcontentingasoline,anewdesulfurizationprocesswasproposedbyusingcatalyticoxidationandextractionrealizedinanelectrochemicalfluidizedreactor.Thefluidizedlayerofloadedcatalystparticlesconsistedofleaddioxide(PbO2)supportedonactivatedcarbonparticles(PbO2/C)andtheelectrolytewasaqueousNaOHsolution.ThePbO2/Cparticleanodescouldremarkablyacceleratetheelectrochemicalreactionrateandpromotetheelectrochemicalcatalysisofsulfurcompounds.Thesulfurcompoundswereatfirstoxidizedtosulfonesorsulfoxides,whichwerethenremovedafterextraction.Theexperimentalresultsindicatedthattheoptimaldesulfurizationconditionswereasfollows:Thecellvoltagewas3.2V,theconcentrationofhydroxylionsinelectrolytewas0.12mol/L,andthefeedratewas300mL/min.Undertheseconditionstheconcentrationofsulfuringasolinewasreducedfrom310ppmto70ppm.Basedontheseexperimentalresults,amechanismofindirectelectrochemicallycatalyticoxidationwasproposed.

简介：ThispaperreportstheinfluencesofheattransfersurfacepropertiesontheformationofCaSO4foulingdepositionduringflowboilingheattransfer.Thesurfacesofseveraltestheatershavebeentreatedbysurfacemodificationtechniques.suchasdynamicmixingionbeamimplantationanddynamicmixingmagnetronsputteringtoreducesurfaceenergy.Foulingrunswiththeseheaterswerecarriedoutatdifferentheatfluxes,flowvelocitiesandsaltconcentrations.TheresultsshowthatheattransfersurfaceswithlowsurfaceenergyexperiencedsignificantlyareducedformationofCaSO4deposit.

简介：Thespraybehaviorsofthecombinedtrapezoidspraytray(CTST)haveasignificanteffectonthegas-liquidinterface.Inthispaper,thesprayprocessofCTSTinacolumn,570mmindiameter,wasexperimentallyinvestigatedbyusingahigh-speedcamera,andatheoreticalmodeloftheaveragedropletsizewasestablishedaccordingtotheunstablewavetheory.Theresultsdemonstratedthatgasvelocitypassingthroughtheholeisthekeyfactoraffectingthesprayangle,whichincreasesgraduallywithanincreaseinthegasvelocity.Whenthegasvelocityexceeds7.5m/s,thesprayanglebecomesstableataround55°.Theaverageflowvelocityoftheliquidsheetatthespray-holeincreasessignificantlywithanincreaseinthegasvelocity,anddecreasesslightlywithanincreaseintheliquidflowrate;moreover,itincreasesfromthebottomofsprayholeupwardtothetop.ThedensityofliquiddropsdistributioninthesprayareacanbedescribedbytheRosinRammlerfunction.Inaddition,theliquiddropsaremainlyconcentratedintheareaofsprayanglerangingfrom20°to40°,andtheygraduallybecomeuniformwiththeincreaseinthegasvelocityandtheliquidflowrate.Theaverageliquiddropsizedeceaseswithanincreaseinthegasvelocity,andincreasesslightlywithanincreasingliquidflowrate.Inthenormalworkingrange,theaverageliquiddropsizeisabout1.0mmto2.5mmindiameter.

简介：考虑在精炼厂处理的实际粗略的板岩，做合理联合是必要的并且原油相配。为了在柴油应付高蜡内容，为了在柴油应付高蜡内容被建议适当地调整精制过程计划并且在在生产实践被使用以后把添加剂加到精制products.This措施引起了好结果并且满足了商业生产的需要。

简介：ATi/Sicomplexzeolitehasbeenprepared.X-raydiffractionandinfraredspectrometrystudyhasshownthattwostructures,namelytheZSM-5andMCM-41,existinthesample.BETtestshaverevealedthatthecomplexzeolitecontainsregularmesoporesof2.6nm.UltravioletspectrometryanalysishasshownthattheTispeciesexistinthezeoliteskeletonintheformoftetra-coordinatevalence.TheTi/Sicomplexzeolite(TS-1/Ti-MCM-41)hasapparentlyimprovedcatalyticactivitywithrespecttothemacromolecularorganiccompoundoxidationascomparedtoindividualcomponentsofeitherTiorSicontainingzeolites(TS-1andTi-MCM-41).

简介：Sprayauto-ignitionexperimentswerecarriedoutinaconstantvolumecombustionchamberforsomepurealkanes(n-paraffinswithdifferentchainlength,cyclohexane,n-butylcyclohexane,andisooctane)andblendsofn-decanewithStandardBlendedFuel(isooctane/n-heptane)andproductgasoline.Testresultsshowedthatthereactionactivityofn-paraffinswasrelativelyhigh.Meanwhile,theauto-ignitioncharacteristicsdifferedsignificantlywiththemolecularstructuresofalkanes.Addingdifferentvolumefractionsofn-decanetoStandardBlendedFuelandproductgasolinecouldimprovethefuelreactionactivityatvaryingdegree.Finally,functionalgroupseffectswereusedtosimulatetherelationshipbetweenthemoleculartopologyandtheauto-ignitionquality.

简介：TheVenturi-roddecktrayisatypeofdualflowtraysusedinfluegasdesulfurization(FGD)process.Inthispaper,thehydrodynamiccharacteristicsoftheVenturi-roddecktraywerestudiedintheexperimentsandcomparedwiththeconventionalsievetray.Resultsshowedtheturndownratioofthistraywasintherangeof2.71-3.77,whichwasby9%higherthanthesievetray.Besides,thepressuredropofthistraywasbymorethan50%lowerthanthesievetray.Basedontheexperimentaldata,thecorrelationfunctionsforthepressuredropandthefrothheight,respectively,wereobtained.TheindustrialscaleuppracticeofthistrayinFGDprocesswasdescribedwiththeefficiencyofthistraydemonstrated.

简介：　　1OverviewonChina'sEnergyDevelopment　　OverthepasttwentyyearsChinahasmadeastonishingachievementsintheenergydomainandthetotaloutputofcoal,electricityandpetroleumrankedrespectivelythefirst,secondandfifthplaceintheworld.……

简介：Onthebasisofformulatingthe9-lumpkineticmodelforgasolinecatalyticupgradingandthe12-lumpkineticmodelforheavyoilFCC,thispaperisaimedatdevelopmentofacombinedkineticmodelforatypicalFDFCCprocessafteranalyzingthecoupledrelationshipandcombinationofthesetwomodels.Themodelisalsoverifiedbyusingcommercialdata,theresultsofwhichshowedthatthemodelcanbetterpredicttheproductyieldsandtheirquality,withtherelativeerrorsbetweenthemainproductsoftheunitandcommercialdatabeinglessthanfivepercent.Furthermore,thecombinedmodelisusedtopredictandoptimizetheoperatingconditionsforgasolineriserandheavyoilriserinFDFCC.SothispapercanoffersomeguidancefortheprocessingofFDFCCandisinstructivetomodelresearchanddevelopmentofsuchmulti-reactorprocessandcombinedprocess.

简介：ZnOnanoparticleswithanaveragesizeof125nmwerepreparedviahomogeneousprecipitationmethodandwerecharacterizedbySEM.Theproductsweresurface-modifiedbythesurfactantSDS.Surface-modifiednanoparticleswereaddedatamassratioof1.0%,2.0%,3.0%,and4.0%,respectively,inbaseoilandtheirfrictionandwearbehaviorswereevaluatedonaMRS-10Dtypefour-ballweartester.Afterfour-ballweartests,themorphologyoftherubbingsurfaceswasevaluatedwithmetallographicmicroscope.ItwasrevealedthatthemodifiednanoZnOhadexcellentbehaviorforimprovinganti-wearpropertyandfrictioncoefficient,whichcouldgreatlyreducethefrictionofmachineparts.

简介：Inthisarticle,theFCCdieselfuelischemicallytreatedwithGZreagent.Theexistentgum,insolublesafteroxidation,andiodinemunberaregreatlyreducedafterchermicaltreatment.Thismethodhasagoodeffectandissimple.Thismethodischaracterizedbyhighrecoveryrateoffuel(>99.7?andlowcost.Thepropertyofthemixtureofchemicallytreateddieselfuelwithstraight-rundieselfuelcanmeettherequirementsofnationalstandardGB252-2000.Thecolorandoxidationstabilityofthemixedfuelafterhavingbeenstoredforthreemonthswerestilllowerthanthevaluesspecifiedinthenationalstandard.

简介：Thepolypropylene(PP)nanocompositesfilledwithpretreatedhalloysitenanotubes(HNTs)werepreparedbythemelt-blendingmethod.Beforefilling,theas-receivedHNTspowderwasatfirstpurifiedandthenmodified.ThecharacterizationtestsshowedthatthepurifiedHNTshadlessimpurityandmoreuniformporesizedistributionandthesurfacehydrophobicityofthemodifiedHNTswasobviouslyimproved.ThemechanicalandtribologicalpropertiesofthePP/HNTsnanocompositeswereextensivelyinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthatthetensile,bendingandnotchedimpactstrengthofthePP/HNTsnanocompositeswassomewhatimproved,butthewearresistanceofthePP/HNTsnanocompositeswasobviouslyenhanced.

简介：Crudeoilisthemostimportantbasicenergyintheworldnowadaysandiscloselyconnectedwiththedevelopmentofnationaleconomy,consolidationofnationaldefenseandthelivingstandardofthepeople.Changesincrudepricecanhaveadecisiveimpactonanation'spoliticalandeconomicsituation.Hencethegovernmentofeverycountrysticksgreatimportancetocontrolovercrudeoilresourcesandadjustmentofcrudepricetoassurethestabilizationofitsdomesticcrudeoilmarket.

简介：Oxidativedesulfurization(ODS)ofAzericrudeoilwasstudiedundertheelectricfield.Bymeansoforthogonalexperiments,theoptimumconditionsfordesulfurizationofcrudeoilwereidentified,whiletheeffectofoxidativedesulfurizationundertheelectricfieldwascomparedwiththatofthesingleoxidativedesulfurizationmethod.Thetestresultsshowedthatthedesulfurizationreactiontakingplaceundertheelectricfieldwouldbebetterthanthetraditionalmethod.Thedesulfurizationrateofcrudeoilcouldreachupto77.06%at115℃atadistilledwateramountof10m%,adesulfurizerdosageof200μg/g,andademulsifierdosageof50μg/g.

简介：极端马厩的沸石DASY-0.0被热水的方法在商业规模准备。它的结构进一步为在对待的CP被XRF分析并且描绘前后，.Thezeolite取样的毛孔(CP)清洗经由处理被修改，XRD，NMR，红外，BETandDTA.The结果显示出那与由热水的过程的常规极端马厩的沸石DASY-0.0prepared比较，修改CP的沸石SOYO展出了更高的relativecrystallinity，更大的表面区域和毛孔体积，更高热的稳定性和包含的更少非结晶的非框架艾尔。

简介：二新奇的灰更少添加剂-benzothiazole衍生物包含硼和氯，OBC和BBC，被综合。在在油菜籽的添加剂上油的不同集体比率(RO)的OBC和BBC的tribological表演在一台四球的机器上被检验。油样品润滑的更低的钢球的穿的表面借助于扫描电子显微镜学(SEM)被分析。测试结果显示出那OBC，BBC在底有好溶解度上油，并且能有效地增加基础油的带负担的能力。包含1.5m%BBC的油样品的最大的非抓住负担是1117N，它2.3倍于基础油的。OBC和BBC能改进禁止性能和基础油的热稳定性的反穿和腐蚀，谁的起始的分解温度在350°C上面。然而，在不同集中的OBC和BBC能增加基础油的磨擦系数。油润滑的钢球的SEM形态学取样包含1.5m%添加剂似乎比形成的基础油，和疤的更一致、光滑是很浅的。

简介：根据过程特征和FDFCC技术的反应机制，它的二个反应分系统，为重油起床人反应堆的，其它为汽油起床人反应堆，分别地被学习。相应地，12块为重油FCC的运动模型和9块为汽油的运动模型催化升级被介绍。把工作基于这，在涉及全面反应系统的反应分系统和那些的feeds和产品的块的数学关联详细被分析。然后，为FDFCC的一个联合运动模型，基于从一个商业单位恢复的数据，被提出。运动常数为FDFCC的联合模型表达的反应表演根据催化裂开的反应机制。模型计算的值接近了在商业规模获得的数据。模型是安逸的在实践被使用并且能也为FDFCC为关于运动模型的进一步的研究提供一些理论地基。

简介：到在不同反应条件下面的石蜡(MTO)的甲醇的变换试验性地在不同催化剂上被调查，并且比较在SAPO-34andGOR-MLC催化剂之间被做。反应条件的优化被探索了。到在在不同反应温度下面的这些催化剂上的石蜡的甲醇的变换是试验性地，studied.Ina修理了床微反应堆，温度的影响被发现是石蜡产出的主要factors.Forboth催化剂之一当水被加到460-480degC的methanolfeed.A温度范围时，显著地被增加与适当催化剂活动和C_2-C_3石蜡对甲醇变换显得是最佳范围合适产量。一些另外的烃面对SAPO-34催化剂出现在MTO反应期间，当当GOR-MLC催化剂被使用时，很多ofdimethylether被形成时。在MTO反应期间，theGOR-MLC催化剂被发现让更快的催化剂释放与SAPO-34catalyst相比评价。

简介：Aninnovativeideawasproposedtopreparetheoverbasednano-sizedcalciumcarbonate-calciumpetroleumsulfonatein-situtheHIGEEreactor.ThetestsamplepreparedbythistechnologycouldmeettherequirementoftheindustrystandardSH0042-91forthefirst-gradeproductonaparwithsimilaroverseasproduct.Thetestresultsobtaineduponobservationundermicroscopeafterfreezingetchingofspecimenrevealedthatthecrystalsizeofcolloidalcalciumsulfonatewasintherangeof10-30nmwithanaveragesizeof20nm.Thesizeofthedetergentadditivewasuniformwithgoodtransmittanceandfluidity.TheHIGEEtechnologypossessesfivespecificfeaturesasshownbelow:Firstly,thecarbonationreactioniscompletedinonestepwiththereactiontimereducedbymorethan50%ascomparedtotraditionalbatchreactorprocessalongwithenhancedreactionefficiency,goodoperabilityoftheprocessandstabilizedproductquality.Secondly,ammoniaemittedfromthereactionisusedastheco-promoterwithouttheneedforaddingammoniaandwateraspromoterstosimplifythepromotersystemalongwitheffectiveandstrongcouplingofreactions.Thirdly,theutilizationrateofCa(OH)2andCO2isincreasedby15%and30%,respectively,withproductyieldincreasedby15%,andcalciumresiduedecreasedby65%.Fourthly,theHIGEEtechnologyisenvironmentalbenignbecauseofgasolineisusedinthistechnologyinsteadoftoxictolueneandxylene.Fifthly,thedimensionofHIGEEreactorisreducedbyabovetwo-thirds.ThesuccessindevelopmentofthisnewtechnologywilloffernewideasandtechnologyplatformforthesynthesisofmetaldetergentadditivetolubricatingoilsinChina.