简介：<正>TherearetwonamesfortheBkavbrgyudsect:BkavbrgyudandDkarbrgyud."Dkarbrgyud"meansthe"whitetransmissionlineage"("WhiteReligion")and"Bkavbrgyud",the"oraltraditionlineage".Dkarbrgyudgaineditsnamebecausetofollowdharma,thesect’sfounders,MarpaandMilaraspa,bothworethewhitecottonclothingoftheascetic.(SeetheChinesetranslationoftheHistoryandDoctrinesoftheDifferentBuddhistSectsbyThubKuan,p.52.)TheTibetanmonkswhoatthattimepracticeddharmausuallyworethesamewhite

简介：<正>o.IntroductionRatnakarasantiwasaBuddhistscholarfromtheVikramasilamonasteryatthefinalperiodofIndianBuddhismandwasateacherofAtisa/Dipamkarasrijnana.HeoccupiesauniquepositioninthespirituallineageofMahayanaBuddhism,whichinIndiaandTibetdevelopedoutoftheconflictandintegrationofBuddhism’stwomainphilosophicalschools,namely,YogacaraandMadhayamaka.AccordingtoRatnakarasanti’sunderstanding,thetraditionalYogacarathoughtthatwasfoundedandsystematizedbyMaitreya,Asanga,andVasubandhuisfullycompatiblewiththeMiddleWay(madhyama.pratipat)as

简介：<正>1,HistoricmeaningoftheReformandOpening-upinTibetThestatusanddestinationofacertainobjectaltogetherformitshistoricmeaning.TounderstandreformandopeningupinTibet,weshouldfirstunderstanditshistoricmeaning.Thereismorethanonethousandyears’writtenhistoryinTibet,andthewholehistoryofTibetcanbesummarizedinto"twosummits"andtwo"fourhundredyears".Thefirstsummitisfromearly7thcenturytomid8thcenturywhenSongtsenGampoestablishedTuboDynasty,communicatedwithTangDynasty,learntfrominlandineconomicandculturalfieldsanddeepenedfriendshipbetweenTibetanandHan.

简介：<正>AsapartofcooperativersearchprojectbeweentheChinaTibetologyResearchCenterandtheAustrianAcademyofSciences,IandDr.NobuchiyoOdani,anemeritusprofessorattheOtaniUniversity,withotherscholarsinKyotoareaincludingprofessorsMasaruAkimoto,YoshifumiHonjoandKazuoKano,arecurrentlyworkingontheSanskritpalmleafmanuscriptofSthiramati’scommentarytotheAbhidharmakosabhasyabyVasubandhu,titledasTattvartha.Ourreadinggrouphasbeenreadingthismanuscript

简介：<正>Thispaperfocusesonthesectionon"matter"(rūpa)inSthiramati’sPacaskandhakavibhāsāanditsroottext,Vasubandhu’sPacaskandhaka,providinganoverviewofthecontentsandcomparingthePacaskandhaka(vibhāsā)’spositionswithparallelexplanationsfoundintheAbhidharmakosabhāsya,theAbhidharmasamuccaya,andtheAbhidharmasamuccayabhāsya.1Moreover,twoothercommentariesonthePacaskandhakahavebeenconsulted,thePacaskandhavivarasaandthePacaskandhabhāsya,bothavailableonlyintheirTibetantranslations.Thelattertwoworkshavebeenaccountedforinthepresent

简介：<正>1.GeneralremarksAlthoughtheDharmadbatustava(DDhS)hasbeenascribedtoNagarjuna,1thisattributionhasbeenquestionedbyTSUKINOWA(1934)andSEYFORTRUEGG(1971:453-54)andrejectedbyLINDTNER(1982:10).2Judgingfromitscontent,whichshowssignificantinfluencefromthetatbagatagarbha-tradition,theauthoroftheDDhScannotbethesameasthatoftheMadhyamakakdrika.Anotherpossibleindicationforthenon-authenticityofthisworkisthefactthatwedonotfindanyIndiancommentariesonit.

简介：<正>IntroductionThecontributionofrNgogBloldanshesrab(1059—1109)(hereafter:rNgogLo)tothedevelopmentsofBuddhistscholarshipingeneralatthebeginningoftheLaterDiffusionofBuddhisminTibet(phyidar)isahighlysignificantone.InthefieldofepistemologyinparticularrNgogLo’stranslationsandcommentarialworksconstitutedthecornerstonesfortheemergenceofaleadingtraditionofTibetantshadmaatthemonasteryofgSangphu

简介：<正>Althoughitwasdifficult,bydintofcountlessefforts,ImadeIllustrationsunfoldingvariouslands:Theregions,houses,menandwomen,Thevarioussortsofwondroustreesandflowers.dGevdunchosvphel,themostoutstandingtwentieth-centuryTibetanmasterofhumanism,notonlyundertookextensiveresearchintosuchacademicfieldsashistory,religion,languageandgeography,butalsohadsignificantachievementsinthearts.HebroadenedtheframeworkoftraditionalTibetanart,studiedandabsorbedWesternartistic

简介：<正>WildlifeResourcesintheChangTangRegion"TheChangTang"(byangthang)referstothenorthernregionofTibet,whereduetoharshclimaticconditionsandlackofroadstheregionhasalsobeenreferredtoasa"noman’sland."Thislandhasbecomeaparadiseforwildlife,andshieldsthemfromhumandisturbance.Thespecieslivingintheregionhaveadaptedtotheharshconditionsthroughmillenniaofnatureselection,andmanyspeciesareendemictoTibetanplateau.UngulatespecieswithlargepopulationsintheChangTangregionincludeTibetanwildass(Kiang/rkyang),wildyak,Tibetanantelope,Tibetanargali,Tibetangazelleandbluesheep.

简介：<正>Theconceptof"purity"and"pollution"existsineveryethnicgrouporculture,andtheemergenceandexistenceofthisconceptiscloselyassociatedwithgeographicenvironment,religiousbelief,modeofproduction,lifestyle,moralsandworldoutlook,andissupportedandrestrictedbyawholesetofculturallogicshiddendeeplyinthesocialstructure.Differentethnicgroupsandcultureshavedifferentcriteriaforclassificationof"purity"and"pollution".Onearticle,behaviororsocialphenomenonmaybedeemed"pure"byoneethnicgroup,but"polluted"byanother.Thehumanperceptionof"purity"isa

简介：<正>Sincethe1980s,tourismhasbecomeaworldwidecommodityforconsumptionandanindispensablepartofmodernlife.TibetAutonomousRegion(TAR)withitsuniquegeographyandculturallandscapeattractsannuallythousandsoftourists.TherecentaccelerationintheconstructionofTibet’sinfrastructureinthefieldsofhighwaysanddevelopedaviationtransport,andespeciallybytheopeningofthe2006Qinghai-Tibetrailway,havenewopportunitiesfortourismopenedinTibet,whosenumberofdomesticandforeigntouristsreached8.5millionpeoplein2011,withatotaltourismincomeof9.5

简介：<正>IntroductionThepresentreportoverviewsfurtherfindingsfromthesetofmiscellaneoustextsinSaradapalm-leavesfromZhaluriphug.Thepalm-leafsetwasfirstreportedbyKanoKazuo(2008),whoutilizedninefoliosintwophotographicimages(SferraCat.MT42Ⅱ/Ⅰ&2)preservedattheIstitutoItalianoperI’AfricaeI’Oriente(IsIAO)inRomewiththehelpofFrancescoSferra.Wehaveknownonthebasisofcataloguedescriptionsthatthere

简介：<正>IntroductionVarioustraditionalmedicinesystemsexistthroughouttheworld,andwithineachculturetherearedifferencesregardingtheconceptsofhealth,illness,andtreatment.Manyofthetraditionalmedicalsystemsplayanimportantrolewithineachsocietyandtodaymanytypesoftraditionalmedicinesystemshavebecomemorerecognizedandunderstoodasalegitimateformofhealthcarebythegeneralpopulation,eventhoughbiomedicineorWesternmedicinehasbecomethedominantmedicalsystemofcontemporaryhealthcare.

简介：<正>Abhayakaragupta(ca.11-12thcentury)wasanoutstandingIndianpanditawhosethoughtstronglyimpactedTibetanBuddhism.Heiswidelyknownfromanumberofhiscompositions.Amongthetwenty-oneworksattributedtohimbytheDergeTanjur,nineteenareallocatedtotheTantrasection,onetothePrajfiaparamitasection,andtwototheMadhyamakasection.Ofthese,theMunimatalarfikara,intheMadhyamakasection,isoneofhismostimportant.TheMunimatalarfikaraissometimesregardedbyTibetanBuddhists,e.g.,Tsong