简介：Inthispaper,theproblemofconsensusforcontinuoustimesingularsystemsofmulti-agentnetworksisconsidered.Thedefinitionofr-consensusisintroducedforsingularsystemsofmulti-agentnetworks.Firstly,linearsystemswithalgebraicconstraintsareconsidered,andthecorrespondingresultsaboutconsensusandaverage-consensusarederived.Thenr-consensusandconsensusproblemsofsingularsystemsareinvestigated.Sufficientconditionsofr-consensusandconsensusareobtained,respectively.Finally,anillustrativeexampleisgiventoshowtheeffectivenessoftheproposedmethod.

简介：TheemergenceofB2Belectronicmarketshasgreatlychangedtherelativebargainingpowerofbuyersandsellers.Westudytheequilibriummarketstructureinabuyer’smarket.Wefindthatbuyer-controlledB2BmarketsandneutralB2Bmarketshavedifferentequilibriumstructures,andtheemergenceofB2Bmarketswillincreasesocialwelfare,butitseffectonbuyersandsellerswillbedifferent:B2Bmarketsincreasetheconsumersurplusoftheendmarket,buttheireffectsonbuyerandsellerprofitsaremoderatedbytherelativebargainingpowerofbuyersandsellers.TheprofitsofthesidewithmuchweakerbargainingpowerwilldecreaseduetotheintroductionofB2Bmarkets.

简介：首先给出一般的无标度网络定义，再通过加以限制来展现不同定义的包含关系。然后以网络节点度的补分布作为标准，给出无标度网络度指数的定义。