简介：Inthepasttherewerealotofresearchesonthetopicofeconomicgrowth.Nevertheless,theenvironmenthasbeenabitabstractedbystandardeconomics.Scarcenaturalresourcesandourchoicestoprotectthemorexploitthemjointlydeterminetheeconomicandenvironmentalsystems.Inthispaperwedescribeamodelwithaparticularfocusontherelationshipamongincome,pollution,andnon-renewableresources.Wewanttocombinebotheconomicandenvironmentalsectors.Thesystemdynamicsapproachisusedinanalyzingthesecomplexrelationships.Thispapergivesaninsightintothepossibilitiesforreplacingnon-renewableresourceswithmorerenewableones.Next,wepresentthesimulationrunsofthemodelthatareconductedwiththehelpofexistingsystemdynamicsmodelingtools.Onlytherelationshipssimulatedsofarbetweenthevariablesoughttobeputunderyetmorecautiousexamination.

简介：Acommonfeatureofpreviousstudiesabouttheapplicationofdataenvelopmentanalysis(DEA)todetermineenvironmentalandeconomicefficienciesisthatthetwowereanalyzedinseparatemodelsorframeworks.Thepurposeofthispaperistoanalyzetheeconomicefficiencyandenvironmentalefficiencywithasinglemodel.ThispaperproposesanintegratedDEAmodel,basedonamodificationofthedirectionaldistancefunction,whichallowsustodecomposetheeco-efficiency(EE)intotheeconomicefficiency(ECE)andenvironmentalefficiency(ENE).TheECEcharacterizestheabilityofgainingeconomicbenefitswhiletheENEcharacterizestheabilitytocontrolpollutantemissionsinproductionactivities.IdentificationofECEandENEcanhelpdecisionmakersofdifferentregionsdetectwhatkindoffactor(economicinefficiencyorenvironmentalinefficiency)isthemainsourceofeco-inefficiency.ThiscanhelpdecisionmakersmoretargetedtoimproveEE.Toillustratethefeasibilityofourapproach,acasestudyof30regionsinChinaispresented.Theempiricalresultsshowthatalmostallregionshaveveryhigheconomicefficiencies.Theenvironmentalinefficiencyisthemainsourceofeco-inefficiency.Thedifferencesofenvironmentalefficienciesleadtothedifferencesofeco-efficienciesintheeast,centralandwestareas,whiletheeconomicefficienciesdonothavesignificantdifferencesamongtheseareas.Theeconomicefficienciesshowedanopposite'V'shapeandtheenvironmentalefficienciesshowedadecreasingtrendduringtheperiod2010–2014.

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