简介:Thepaperanalyzestheinfluenceofleadtoxicitybyanaerobicgranulesludgeinhibitionandrecoveringexperiments.Theresultshowsthattherearedifferentinhibitiontypesatdiffer-entleadcontents.Higherleadcontentleadstomoreinhibitiongranularsludge,andatthesametime,thetimeofgasrecoveryisdifferent.Lowerleadcontentpermicroorganismresultsinsoonersludgerecovery.Microorganismshaveagoodabilitytoresistleadtoxicity.
简介:Globalmitigativeandadaptiveeffortshavenotbeenabletoeffectivelyaddresstheadverseimpactscausedbyclimatechange.Therefore,adirectsolutionisneededtoaddressthesignificantresultinglossanddamage(L&D).DuringtheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeheldinDohain2012,theissueofrespondingtoL&Darisingfromclimatechangegainedsuddentractionandbecameoneofthekeyissuesthataffectedtheoutcomeoftheconvention.Inthispaper,astudyonthedefinitionandconnotationsofL&Darisingfromclimatechangewasconducted,togetherwithananalysisofitsrelationshipwithrelatedconcepts,namelyimpacts,vulnerability,andrisks.ThisledtotheproposalofanL&Dconceptualmodelthatismorecomprehensive,withtherecognitionoftheneedtoaddresstheissuethrougheffectivesupplementationofexistingmitigativeandadaptiveefforts.AsystematicelaborationofanL&Dresponsemechanismwasmadebasedonpolitics,law,andthemarket,leadingtoapreliminarypresentationofapossibleformatforanL&Dmechanism.PotentialacademicresearchdirectionsforL&DwerealsoproposedthatcouldserveasreferencesfortheestablishmentofinternationalandnationalL&Dresponsemechanismsandrelatedresearch.
简介:Ecologicalcityistheadvancedmodeofharmoniousdevelopmentofcity.Constantimprovementisbeingmadeinthedevelopmentofecologicalcity.However,buildingecologicalcityisanenormousprojectthatcallsforahugeamountofcapital.Thegovernmentfundisfarfromadequate.Thispaperprobesintothefundissueanddiscussesindetailthemechanismofinvestmentandfinancinginbuildingecologicalcityfromvariousaspectssuchasdiversificationoftheinvestmentsubjectsandthemodesoffinancing.
简介:Indespiteoffluctuationinrecentyears,thegrainyieldinChinahasbeenincreasing,whichrelievestheconflictbetweensupplyanddemandandturnsthesituationoffoodsecuritygood.However,becauseoftherapidincreaseinfoodconsumption,theconflictsoffoodqualityandstructureinthesupplyanddemandequilibriumhasbecomemoreandmoreobviousandthelong-effectivemechanismoffoodsecurityhasnotbeenestab-lishedyet.ItisfoundthatthefactorsaffectingfoodsecurityinChinaincludethescarcityanddissipationofresources,farmers’lowenthusiasminplantinggraincropsandtheinappropriatenessoftheemphasisandmeasuresofmacro-economicregulationandcontrol.Therefore,theauthorsadvancetooptimizeresourcesallocation,strengthenmacro-economicregulationandcontrolandpolicystimulationandestablishthemechanismofallocatinggrainproductioncost,tosetupthelong-effectivemechanismofChinafoodsecurityandkeepitstableinthelongterm.
简介:TheproblemofwaterresourceshasbecomeabottleneckforthesustainabledevelopmentofBeijingandHebeiProvince(thetworegionstogetherarecalled"JingjiRegion"forshort).Itisimperativetoestablishaneffectiveandequitablewaterresourcesecologicalcompensation(eco-compensation)mechanism.Thethreestagesofwaterresourceseco-compensationareexpatiatedherenamelytheeco-compensationmissingstage,ecocompensationstartstageandtheeco-compensationdevelopmentstage.Throughtheestablishmentofeco-compensationgamemodelbasedonthegametheory,thereasonsoftheformationforthethreestageswereanalyzed,aswellastheconversionconditionsfromnon-cooperativegametocooperativegameamongtherelatedstakeholdersincludingthecentralgovernment,thewaterrecipientgovernmentandthewatersourcegovernment.Furthermore,thisstudypointedoutthatthewaterresourceseco-compensationinJingjiRegionwasnotestablishedbasedontheinstitution,butformedanddevelopedincopingwiththechallengesofwatercrisis.However,institutionconstructionisquiteessentialingameprocessforthewaterrecipientgovernmentandthewatersourcegovernment.Finallyrecommendationsinfourareasincludinglegalizationofeco-compensationmechanism,settingupcompensationstandards,leadingindustrialupgradinganddevelopingrelatedincentivesandconstraintswereconcluded.
简介:Inordertomakefurtherstepsindealingwithclimatechange,Chinaproposedtopeakcarbondioxideemissionsbyabout2030andtomakebesteffortsforthepeakingearly.Thecarbonemissionpeaktarget(CEPT)mustresultinaforcingmechanismonChina’seconomictransition.Thispaper,byfollowingthelogicalorderfrom'researchoncarbonemissionhistory'to'carbonemissiontrendprediction,'from'researchonpathsofrealizingpeak'to'peakrestraintresearch,'providesageneralreviewofcurrentstatusanddevelopmenttrendofresearchesonChina’scarbonemissionanditspeakvalue.Furthermore,thispaperalsoreviewsthebasictheoriesandspecificcasesoftheforcingmechanism.Basedontheexistingachievementsanddevelopmenttrendsinthisfield,thefollowingresearchdirectionsthatcanbefurtherexpandedareputforward.First,fromtheperspectiveoflong-termstrategyofsustainabledevelopment,weshouldanalyzeandconstructtheforcingmechanismofCEPTinareversethinkingway.Second,economictransitionpathsundertheforcingmechanismshouldbesystematicallystudied.Third,byconstructingalarge-scalepolicyevaluationmodel,theemissionreductionperformanceandeconomicimpactofaseriesofpolicymeasuresadoptedduringthetransitionprocessshouldbequantitativelyevaluated.
简介:Companiesbearprimaryresponsibilityforlow-carboneconomy,thusrelevantlow-carbonpoliciesshouldbesetproperlytoguidethemandtoensuretheirlow-carbonproductioneffectively.Tosolvetheproblemsgeneratedduringlow-carbondevelopment,thisarticleverifiestheexistenceofthetransmissionpathandstrength.Thisverificationincludesmediatingvariablesofcompanies’willingnessandcapacitytoconductlow-carbonproduction,atransmissionmechanismthroughincentivepathandresourcesprotection,andquestionnairedataofagriculturalcompanies.Conclusionsshowthatthelowcarbonpolicieshaveobviouspositiveeffectsonwillingnessofcorporation;thebasicservice-orientedpolicyhasasignificantlypromotingeffectonlow-carbonproductioncapacity;andlow-carbonproductionperformanceispositivelyinfluencedbywillingnessaswellascapability.Aimingatabettertransmissionpath,somecorrespondingrecommendationshavebeenputforwardintheend.
简介:Whileanalyzingoverallplanningandcoordinateddevelopmentofurban-ruralareas,thispapershowsthatoverallplanningforthedevelopmentofurban-ruralareasisarequirementforthebestuseofproductiveforces.Itmeansthesettingupofapolicymechanismforcoordinatedgrowth.Recognizingthis,thegovernmentshouldsetupawaytoleadandmanageaunifiedprogramtoincreaseserviceanddecreasecontrollingadministrationpower,whilesafeguardingandfulfillingthefarmers'ownershiptothemeansofproduction.
简介:以往针对突发事件的应急管理是狭义的,以公共安全为目标的应急管理则是广义的。以公共安全治理为目标实现应急管理由狭义向广义的超越,既是应急管理实践突破瓶颈的内在需求,也是面向风险社会提升公共安全保障能力的必然选择。狭义应急管理的理论基础是“三角模型”,强调对象上的全灾害管理、过程上的全过程管理、结构上的多主体参与。广义应急管理即公共安全治理的理论基础则是“三棱锥模型”,它在“三角模型”的基础上,还特别强调公共安全作为结果的实现程度。为此,要将公共安全作为优先的政策目标,通过多元参与和过程互动来推动风险治理、应急管理和危机治理的协同发展,达致公共安全治理目标、手段和结果的有机统一,以应对新兴风险、极端灾害和跨界危机的挑战。相应的案例分析显示,在中国的制度情境中,“三棱锥模型”具有适用性。以公共安全治理实现应急管理由狭义向广义的超越,这是一次整体性改革,需要从国家战略的高度予以规划。
简介:ThispaperanalyzesthethreemainfundamentalissuesinthedesignofChina’sETSpilots,includingallowanceallocation,pricemechanismandstate-ownedkeyenterprises,andproposedsuggestedsolutions.Fortheissueofallowanceallocation,wesuggestthatthegradualhybridmodecouldbeappliedatthebeginning,whichstartswithmainlyfreeallocationandthenincreasesauctionratiogradually.Andgrandfatheringisasuitablemethodoffreeallocation.Fortheissueofpricemechanism,wesuggestapricefloatingzonewithopenmarketoperationtoreducetheuncertaintyofprices.Fortheissueofstate-ownedkeyenterprises,wesuggestagoodcoordinationwithSASAC,definingthestate-ownedpropertyrightandsupervisionrightwhenstate-ownedkeyenterprisesareinvolvedintothecarbonmarket,andthelocalgovernmentcansetrulesofallocationandtransactiontolimittheirpotentialmarketpower.