简介:StableoperatingregionintheHL-1Mtokamakhasbeenextendedbymeansofwallconditioning,corefuellingandcurrentcontroltechniques.Themechanismsoftheextensionareanalyzedinthispaper.Lithiumizationdiminishestheimpuritiesandhydrogenrecyclingtothelowestlevel.Afterlithiumizationahighdensityupto7×1019m-3wasobtainedeasilybystronggaspuffingwithordinaryohmicdischargealone.MoreattractivelywefoundthatmetalLi-coatingexhibitedtheeffectsofwallstabilization.Thelowqalimitwithhigherdensitywasextendedbyafactorof1.5~2incomparisonwiththatforboronization,and1.2forsiliconization.Siliconizationnotonlyextendedstableoperatingregionsignificantlybyitself,butalsoprovidedagoodtargetplasmaforotherexperimentsofraisingdensitylimit.Corefuellingschemesarefavourableespeciallyforsiliconizedwallwithahigherlevelofmedium-Zimpurity(Z=14).Aftersiliconizationthemaximumdensitynearto1020m-3wasachievedbyacombinationofsupersonicmoleculebeaminjectionandmultipelletinjection.ThenewdefinedslopeofHugilllimitillustratingmoreclearlythesituationunderlowqaandhighnedischargeswascreatedtoindicatethenewregionextendedbycombiningIpramp-upwithcorefuelling.TheslopewithalargeMurakamicoefficientincreasedbyafactorof50~60%.
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简介:Vacuumtreatmentandion-beambombardmentaretwomajorprocessesinthelowenergyion-beamimplantation.Toaccuratelystudythecontributionsofthesetwomajorfactorstothebioeffectsseparately,theM_1generationvariationofArabidopsisthalianawithion-beamimplantationandvacuumtreatmentwerecomparedthroughaseriesofkeyplantdevelopmentparametersincludingmorphologicalobservation,biochemicalassayandRAPD(randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA)analysis.Theresultsshowedthation-beamimplantationhadobviouseffectonalmostalloftheseparameters,andthevacuumtreatmenthadsomeimpactsonseveralmorphologicalparameterssuchastheboltingtimeandthelengthoftheprimarystem.Takingtheresultstogether,theindicationisthatvacuumtreatmenthassomeslightcontributionstothebioeffectsofion-beamimplantationwhileion-beambombardmentitselfisthemajorcreatorofthebioeffects.
简介:我厂是生产各类专用车、中轻型客车、卫生巾生产线机器的中型企业。如何做好标准化工作,有些问题还一直没有得到很好的解决。其中,对零部件生产中发生的某些局部偏离图样和技术要求问题,如何处理才能做到即不降低质量标准,又能妥善处置就是一个长期困惑的问题。通过学习标准化法使我们受到启发,标准化法规定了标准有强制性与推荐性两种,这是一项重大的改革。实行强制与推荐并存,有助于该管的管住、管好;该放的放开、放活。标准化法亦提出一些亟待解决的问题,其中之一就是改变一概把标准称作法,标准就是法的传统观念认识,正确区分和对待强制性标准和推荐性标准,充分发挥它们各自的功能,为发展我国的商品经济服务。商品经济条件下标准化
简介:本实验的目的是研究北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)的XRF实验装置对地质样品中的元素、特别是对轻元素的检测能力,并探讨利用目前这套装置检测流体包裹体样品时的若干问题。样品是以国家标准物质GBW07106为基体,加入一定量的NaCl,KCl,混合均匀后压制成的厚样片。测量在BSRF的XRF实验站进行,储存环电流约为40mA。样品与Si(Li)半导体探测器的距离为2cm。同步辐射源的束斑为20×20μm^2。实验在大气条件下进行,采谱时间为200秒。计算了各元素的相对检出限、采样深度、采样量和绝对量检出限(达10^-8-10^-10g);并讨论了现有条件下分析流体包裹体样品时的可测量元素范围、包裹体深度的测量方法及深度对元素XRF强度的影响,实验设备的最佳几何配置等问题。
简介:2004年2月27日,国家环保总局向各省、自治区、直辖市环境保护局(厅)发出《关于贯彻和中央编办的意见》。