简介：应用RELAP5—3D程序对西安交通大学的临界流实验模型进行了计算。由于RELAP5-3D程序没有考虑入口效应，在计算孔板及短管道时结果存在较大偏差。且程序采用均相热平衡声速，在低过冷度计算时结果偏低。另外过冷喷放系数对于长管道临界流计算结果的精确性有比较大的影响，需要根据经验选择合适的喷放系数。

简介：BasedonthesinglebiasingelectrodeexperimentstooptimizetheconfinementofplasmainthedeviceofKT-5Ctokamak,dual-biasingelectrodeswereinsertedintotheKT5Cplasmaforthefirsttimetoexploretheenhancingeffectsofbiasingandthemechanismsofthebiasing.Bymeansofapplyingdifferentcombinationsofbiasingvoltagesontothedualelectrodes,thechangesofE_r,whicharethekeyfactorforboostinguptheE_r×Bflowshear,wereobserved.Thetimeevolutionshowedthattheinnerelectrodeplayedamajorroleindual-biasing,whichdrewlargercurrentthantheouterone.Theouterelectrodeproducedlittleinfluence.Itturnedoutthatthedual-biasingelectrodeswereaseffectiveasasingleoneinimprovingtheplasmaconfinement,forthemechanismofbiasingwasessentiallyanedgeeffect.

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简介：Characteristicsofiontemperaturemeasuredwithcharge-exchangerecombinationspectroscopy（CXRS）werestudiedinOhmic,lower-hybrid-wave（LHW）drivenandion-cyclotron-resonance-frequency（ICRF）heatedplasmasinHT-7.TheresultsindicatethatthecentraliontemperatureTi0followstheone-thirdpowerlawintheproductofcentralline-averageddensityneandplasmacurrentIpinOhmicdischargesandisthereforeconsistentwiththeArtsimovichscalinglawTi0=K·（Ip·Bt·ne·R2）1/3.ItisshownthatthereisanappreciableincreaseofiontemperatureduringtheoperationwithbothLHWandICRFandthattheincrementofiontemperatureinthoseshotsismainlyduetotheenergytransferviacollisionsbetweenionsandelectronsratherthatbydirectheatingoftheions.

简介：SawtoothcontrolexperimentswereperformedonHT-7withalimiterconfigurationandontheExperimentalAdvancedSuperconductingTokamak(EAST)withadoublenullcon-figuration.Thesawtoothperiodcanbemodifiedbylowerhybridwave(LHW)andioncyclotronresonancefrequency(ICRF).Differentsawtoothbehaviorwasobservedwiththesameplasmadensity,LHWpowerbutdifferentplasmacurrentsonHT-7.TherewasadwelltimebetweenLHWaddedandthesawtoothstabilizationonHT-7whilethesawtoothstabilizationimmediatelyhappenedwhenLHWpowerwasinjectedonEAST.Thepossiblemechanismofthesawtoothcontrolisdiscussedinthispaper.Alltheexperimentalresultshaveprovedthatpowerdepositionoftheradiofrequency(RF)shouldbethekeyfactorforsawtoothcontrol.

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简介：Experimentsonlowerhybridwave(LHW)couplingwereinvestigatedintheHT-7tokamak.GoodcouplingofLHWplasmahasbeendemonstratedatdifferentconditionsintheHT-7tokamak.RelevantresultshaveprovedthatLHW-plasmacouplingisaffectedbythephasedifferencebetweenadjacentwaveguides.Furthermore,theedgedensityaroundthegrillandrelevantcouplingcanbeadjustedbychangingtheplasmalineaveragedensityorthegapvaluebetweentheLHgrillandthelastclosedfluxsurfaces(LCFS).ItisfoundthatthecouplingofLHWsbecomespoorwhentheedgedensityaroundtheLHgrillislargeenoughintheHT-7tokamak,andthatcouplingremainsgoodwithaproperedgedensity.WithincreasingLHWpower,itisalsofoundthatthereflectioncoefficients(RCs)increaseduetonon-lineareffectsunderconditionsoflowedgerecycling,butcandecreaseunderhighedgerecycling.Theedgedensitydependsmainlyonthecompetitionbetweentheponderomotiveforce(PMF)andtheedgerecyclingintensityintheHT-7tokamak.

简介：SawtoothactivityonHT-7tokamakhasbeeninvestigatedexperimentallymainlybyusingsoftx-raydiodearrayandmagneticprobes.Theirbehaviorsandoccurrencesarecorrelatedcloselytothedischargeconditions:theelectrondensityNe,theelectrontemperatureTe,thesafetyfactorqaonplasmaboundaryandwallconditionetc.Whencentralline-averagedelectrondensityNe(0)isover2.0×1013cm-3,majorsawtoothactivityemergeswithaperiodofupto6.5msandafluctuationamplitudeofupto2～30%ofSXRradiationsignal.Insomecasessuchasthesafetyfactorbetween4.2～4.7andZeff=3.0～6.0,amonstersawtoothactivityoftenemergeswithoutapparentdeteriorationofplasmaconfinementandwithoutmajordisruption.Duringtheseevents,abundantMHDphenomenaareobservedincludingpartialsawtoothoscillations.Inthispaper,theobservedsawtoothbehaviorsandtheirdependenceontheandtheirdependencedensityNeandwallconditioninohmicallyheatedplasmaareintroduced,theresultsarediscussedandpresented.

简介：TheICRF(IonCyclotronRangeFrequency)cleaningtechniquehasbeenusedasaroutinewallcleaningmethodintheHT-7superconductingtokamak.Inawiderangeoftoroidalfield,thcremovalrateofresidualgasbyICRFcleaningwasabouttwentytimeshigherthanthatofglowdischargecleaning(GDC).AtdifferentgaspressureandRFpowerlevels,theICRFcleaningisstudiedcarcfully.Agoodimpurityclcaningeffectandaveryhighhydrogenremovalratewereobtained.Theremovalrateofhydrogenby5kWICRFcleaningachievedwas1.6×10-5Torr.1/s.AndtherelationshipsamongpressureP,outgassingrateQ,atomiclayersLabsorbedonsurfaceandthecleaningmodewerediscussedbriefly.

简介：Thispaperreportsforthefirsttimeanexperimentalstudyonthepowerdepositionprofileoftheioncyclotronrangefrequencies(ICRF)powerdepositingonelectronsinHT-7.ThefastFouriertransform(FFT)analysisandthebreakinslope(BIS)methodareutilizedtoobtaintheinformationofthepowerdeposition.Theresultsindicatethattheelectronswereheateddirectly,andtheelectronsabsorbedaround20%oftheinputpowerofthedischargeofinterest.

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简介：DedicatedexperimentsintheHT-7tokamakwereperformedtoinvestigatethein-fluenceoferosionanddepositiononthemirrorsamples.Thefirstmirror(FM)samplesmadeofpolycrystalline(PC)stainlesssteel(SS),molybdenum(Mo)andtungsten(W)werefixedonaholderatanangleof45withrespecttothehorizontalplaneandsetatdifferentlocationswithdifferentconnectionlengthsalongthemagneticfield.Theopticalreflectivityofthefirstmirrorwasmeasuredbyaspectrophotometerbeforeandafterplasmaexposure.Itwasfoundthatthesurfacemorphologyandspecularreflectivityofthemirrorsamplesaftertheexposureweredifferentwithrespecttothedifferentdistancesfromthemirrorsurfacetothelastclosedfluxsurface(LCFS)oftheplasmainthetokamak.Itwasalsofoundthatshorteningtheconnectionlengthbeforethemirrorsurfacewouldweakentheinfluenceoftheplasmaerosionandimpuritydepositiononthemirrorsurface.Inordertomaintaintheopticalcharacteristicsofthemirrorsurface,itisnecessarytoadoptthein-situcleaningandmirrorprotectiontechniques.

简介：Inlowerhybridcurrentdrive(LHCD)experimentsinHT-7,LHwavecoupledtotheplasmafrom12klystronsislaunchedbyaphasedmulti-junctiongrill.Highpowermicrowavereflectionorarc,whichthreatenstheklystrons,thewave-guideceramicwindowsandthevacuumofthetokamak,occursometimesduringtheexperiments.Forthesakeofsafety,ahighpowermicrowavetestsystemtoperformsimulationswasdeveloped.Inthetestexperiments,theklystronandwindowcanbewellprotectedwithanoptimizedmicrowavemonitorandaPINswitch.ThelayoutofthetestsystemandthesimulatedexperimentsforHT-7aredescribedinthispaper.

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简介：APlasmaSurfaceInteraction(PSI)experimentonChinaLowActivationMarten-sitic(CLAM)steelwasdonetocheckifCLAMsteelcouldbeusedasaPlasmaFacingMaterial(PFM).Aspecimenwithadiameterof45mmwasexposedto897shotsofdeuteriumplasmaswithatotaldurationof712secataminorradiusof30cminHT-7tokamak.Duringtheexpo-sureexperiment,noobservableinfluencewasfoundonplasmaperformance.Afterexposure,thesurfaceofthespecimenseemedassmoothasbeforebutwithsomecolourchangeatthemarginofthespecimen.Eventhoughsomemicro-damage,suchasdenseblisters,melting,splashing,depositions,anddust,wasfoundonlocalsurfaceswithScanningElectronMicroscopic(SEM)observation.Thereflectivityofthespecimendecreasedonlyslightly.AlloftheseshowsCLAMsteelhasgoodstabilityandirradiationresistance.Withfurtheroptimization,itcouldpossiblybeusedasthefirstmirrormaterialforplasmadiagnosticsintokamaks.

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简介：锅炉与压力容器规范第Ⅲ卷第5册提供了高温反应堆的建造规则,包括高温气冷堆（HTGR）和液态金属反应堆（LMRs）。这些规则适用于超过第1册中温度的部件,以及温度等于或高于700℉（370℃）的铁素体材料、或温度等于或高于800℉（425℃）的奥氏体不锈钢或高镍合金的部件。更重要的是,第5册还包含石墨堆芯组件的新规则。这些新规则包括对石墨的通用要求、设计和建造规则。除对石墨的辐照效应在石墨材料强度特性测定中反映出的概率设计特点外,新规则还包括了针对石墨的辐照效应。

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