简介：核受体是一类高度保守的配体依赖性转录因子家族，在哺乳动物发育、繁殖、免疫应答、心血管功能、组织生长、肿瘤形成、外源物清除及糖类和脂质代谢等生理过程中发挥重要作用。机体对外源物质的清除主要是由孕烷X受体等核受雄介导的。孕烷X受体最早是作为外源物感受器而被研究的，可以被大多数亲脂性药物等外源性化合物及一些内源性化合物如胆汁酸等结构差异很大的配体激活，进而与视黄醇类X受体等形成异源二聚体，结合在ER6、XREM等DNA元件上，调控下游靶基因（包括一相代谢酶、二相结合酶及药物转运体等基因）的表达。此外，孕烷X受体在能量代谢和免疫反应中也有重要作用，参与某些代谢疾病的发生发展，且已在动物模型中被证明是Ⅱ型糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖症和动脉粥样硬化等代谢疾病治疗的有效靶标。我们主要就其发现、结构、组织分布、作用方式、自身表达的调节等方面的最新研究进行综述。

简介：AktandBcl-xLbothpromoteresistancetoapoptosis.AcomparisonofAkt-andBcl-xL-dependentcellsurvivalwasundertaken.ExpressionofconstitutivelyactiveAktallowscellstosurviveforprolongedperiodsintheabsenceofgrowthfactors.ThissurvivalcorrelateswiththeexpressionlevelofactivatedAktandiscomparableinmagnitudetotheprotectionprovidedbytheanti-apoptoticgeneBcl-xL.Althoughbothgenespreventcelldeath,Akt-protectedcellscanbedistinguishedfromBcl-xL-protectedcellsonthebasisofincreasedglucosetransporterexpression,glycolyticactivity,mitochondrialpotential,andcellsize.Inaddition,Akt-expressingcellsrequirehighlevelsofextracellularnutrientstosupportcellsurvival.In

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简介：ThesplicingofmanyalternativeexonsintheprecursormessengerRNA(pre-mRNA)isregulatedbyextracellularfactorsbuttheunderlyingmolecularbasesremainunclear.HerewereportthedifferentialregulationofBcl-xpre-mRNAsplicingbyextracellularfactorsandtheirdistinctrequirementsforpre-mRNAelements.InK562leukemiacells,treatmentwithinterleukin-6(IL-6)orgranulocyte-macrophagecolonystimulatingfactor(GM-CSF)reducedtheproportionoftheBcl-xLvariantmRNAwhiletreatmentwith12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol13-acetate(TPA)hadnoeffect.InU251gliomacells,however,TPAefficientlyincreasedtheBcl-xLlevel.Theseregulationswerealsoseenforatransfectedsplicingreportermini-gene.Furtheranalysesofdeletionmutantsindicatethatnucleotides1-176ofthedownstreamintronarerequiredfortheIL-6effect,whereasadditionalnucleotides177-284areessentialfortheGM-CSFeffect.AsfortheTPAeffect,onlynucleotides1-76arerequiredinthedownstreamintron.Thus,IL-6,GM-CSFandTPAdifferentiallyregulateBcl-xsplicingandrequirespecificintronicpre-mRNAsequencesfortheirrespectiveeffects.

简介：Nineshorttandemrepeat(STR)markersontheXchromosome(DXS101,DXS6789,DXS6799,DXS6804,DXS7132,DXS7133,DXS7423,DXS8378,andHPRTB)wereanalyzedinfourpopulationgroups(Mongol,Ewenki,Oroqen,andDaur)fromInnerMongolia,China,inordertolearnaboutthegeneticdiversity,forensicsuitability,andpossiblegeneticaffinitiesofthepopulations.Frequencyestimates,Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium,andotherparametersofforensicinterestwerecomputed.Theresultsrevealedthattheninemarkershaveamoderatede-greeofvariabilityinthepopulationgroups.Mostheterozygosityvaluesfortheninelocirangefrom0.480to0.891,andthereareevidentdifferencesofgeneticvariabilityamongthepopulations.AUPGMAtreeconstructedonthebasisofthegenerateddatashowsverylowgeneticdistancebetweentMongolandHan(Xi’an)populations.Ourresultsbasedongeneticdistanceanalysisareconsistentwiththeresultsofearlierstudiesbasedonlinguisticsandtheimmigrationhistoryandoriginofthesepopulations.TheminisatellitelociontheXchromosomestudiedherearenotonlyusefulinshowingsignificantgeneticvariationbetweenthepop-ulations,butalsoaresuitableforhumanidentitytestingamongInnerMongolianpopulations.

简介：用PCR技术获得抗菌肽-X基因、TNFα基因,与温度诱导的表达载体pRC连接成为重组表达载体,导入大肠杆菌TG1,通过温度诱导表达重组蛋白.将重组质粒转入不同的表达菌中进行表达,经SDS-PAGE选出EcoliBL21(DE3)为最佳表达的宿主菌.培养后,离心得菌体,经超声破碎离心得包涵体,溶解后用CNBr切割并透析,最后经CM52纤维素柱分离纯化得到有活性高纯度的抗菌肽-X.

简介：比利时科学家近日将生命衰老与基因之间关系的研究范围缩小，并于2004年2月14日表示，生命衰老与X染色体存在关联。