简介：Airwaydiseasesarethemostcommonlydescribedlungmanifestationsofinflammatoryboweldisease(IBD).However,thesimilaritiesindiseasepathogenesisandthesharingofimportantenvironmentalriskfactorsandgeneticsusceptibilitysuggestthatthereisacomplexinterplaybetweenIBDandairwaydiseases.RecentevidenceofIBDoccurrenceamongpatientswithairwaydiseasesandthehigherthanestimatedprevalenceofsubclinicalairwayinjuriesamongIBDpatientssupportthehypothesisofatwo-wayassociation.Futureresearcheffortsshouldbedirectedtowardfurtherexplorationofthisassociation,asairwaydiseasesarehighlyprevalentconditionswithasubstantialpublichealthimpact.

简介：Acriticalfunctionoftheintestinalmucosaistoformabarrierthatseparatesluminalcontentsfromtheinterstitium.Thesinglelayerofintestinalepithelialcells(IECs)servesasadynamicinterfacebetweenthehostanditsenvironment.Cellpolarityandstructuralpropertiesoftheepitheliumiscomplexandisimportantinthedevelopmentofepithelialbarrierfunction.Epithelialcellsassociatewitheachotherviaaseriesofintercellularjunctions.TheapicalmostintercellularjunctionalcomplexreferredtoastheApicalJunctionComplex(AJC)isimportantinnotonlycell-cellrecognition,butalsointheregulationofparacellularmovementoffluidandsolutes.Defectsintheintestinalepithelialbarrierfunctionhavebeenobservedinanumberofintestinaldisorderssuchasinflammatoryboweldisease(IBD).ItisnowbecomingevidentthatanaberrantepithelialbarrierfunctionplaysacentralroleinthepathophysiologyofIBD.Thus,abetterunderstandingoftheintestinalepithelialbarrierstructureandfunctioninhealthyanddiseasestatessuchasIBDwillfosternewideasforthedevelopmentoftherapiesforsuchchronicdisorders.

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简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethelatentstructureofanirritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)symptomseverityscaleinapopulationofhealthyadults.METHODS:TheBirminghamIBSsymptomquestionnairewhichconsistsofthreesymptomspecificscales(diarrhea,constipation,pain)wasevaluatedbymeansofstructuralequationmodeling.Wecomparedtheoriginal3-factorsolutiontoageneralfactormodelandabifactorsolutioninalargeinternetsampleofcollegestudents(n=875).Statisticalcomparisonsofcompetingmodelswereconductedbymeansofχ2differencetests.Regardingtheevaluationofmodelfit,weexaminedthecomparativefitindex(CFI)andtheRootMeanSquareErrorofApproximation(RMSEA).RESULTS:ResultsclearlyfavoredabifactormodelofIBSsymptomseverity(CFI=0.99,RMSEA=0.05)whichconsistedofastronggeneralIBSsomatizationfactorandthreesymptomspecificfactors(diarrhea,constipation,pain)basedonthesubscalesoftheBirminghamIBSsymptomquestionnaire.Thefitindicesofthecompetingonefactormodel(CFI=0.85,RMSEA=0.17)andthreefactormodel(CFI=0.97,RMSEA=0.08)wereclearlyinferior.χ2differencetestsshowedthatthedifferencesbetweenthemodelswereindeedsignificantinfavorofthebifactormodel(P<0.001).Correlationsofthefourlatentfactorswithmeasuresofpainsensitivity,somatoformdissociation,fatigueseverity,anddemographicvariablessupportthevalidityofourbifactormodelofIBSspecificsymptomseverity.CONCLUSION:ThefindingssuggestthatIBSsymptomseveritymightbestbeunderstoodasacontinuousandmultidimensionalconstructwhichcanbereliablyandvalidlyassessedwiththeB-IBS.

简介：外科与ulcerative(UC)与Crohn的疾病(CD)并且在约三分之一个个病人在绝大多数病人被要求。类似于为IBD的麦克匪特斯氏疗法，重要进展发生在外科。在CD的进展在由更有限的切除术，苛评发育，和laparoscopic切除术例示的保守主义之上包括一个重音。在选择病人的职业人员生命学的使用为UC与pouchitis追随者补药proctocolectomy在病人改进了结果。在IBD的分子的基础的进行中的发现将接着识别将最好对外科作出回应的那些病人，这被期望。

简介：Theinflammatoryprocessplaysacentralroleinthedevelopmentandprogressionofnumerouspathologicalsituations,suchasinflammatoryboweldisease(IBD),autoimmuneandneurodegenerativediseases,metabolicsyndrome,andcardiovasculardisorders.IBDsinvolveinflammationofthegastrointestinalareaandmainlycompriseCrohn’sdisease(CD)andulcerativecolitis(UC).Bothpathologicalsituationsusuallyinvolverecurringorbloodydiarrhea,pain,fatigueandweightloss.ThereisatpresentnopharmacologicalcureforCDorUC.However,surgerymaybecurativeforUCpatients.Theprescribedtreatmentaimstoamelioratethesymptomsandpreventand/ordelaynewpainfulepisodes.Flavonoidcompoundsarealargefamilyofhydroxylatedpolyphenolicmoleculesabundantinplants,includingvegetablesandfruitswhicharethemajordietarysourcesofthesecompoundsforhumans,togetherwithwineandtea.Flavonoidsarebecomingverypopularbecausetheyhavemanyhealth-promotinganddisease-preventiveeffects.Mostinteresthasbeendirectedtowardstheantioxidantactivityofflavonoids,evidencingaremarkablefree-radicalscavengingcapacity.However,accumulatingevidencesuggeststhatflavonoidshavemanyotherbiologicalproperties,includinganti-inflammatory,antiviral,anticancer,andneuroprotectiveactivitiesthroughdifferentmechanismsofaction.ThepresentreviewanalyzestheavailabledataaboutthedifferenttypesofflavonoidsandtheirpotentialeffectivenessasadjuvanttherapyofIBDs.

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简介：AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disease worldwide. Current guidelines of IBS are mostly based on the western populations and expected to vary in different communities. China has a large population and a vast literature is available on IBS. Due to linguistic variations in the literature, the studies are not widely known and their conclusions thus remain largely obscured to the western medical literature. In this article, we reviewed the published literatures on the investigations of IBS epidemiology, diagnosis, and management in the Chinese population and emphasized the different findings gleaned from the western publications. The detailed literature review will benefit understanding of and promote future study on IBS.

简介：Amongthevariousdiagnosticmodalitiesforsmallbowelhemangioma,videocapsuleendoscopy(VCE)anddouble-balloonenteroscopy(BE)canberecommendedaspartofthework-upinpatientswithobscuregastrointestinalbleeding(OGIB).BEissuperiortoVCEintheaccuracyofdiagnosisandtherapeuticpotential,whileinmostcasestotalenteroscopycannotbeachievedthroughonlytheantegradeorretrogradeBEprocedures.Astreatmentforsmallbowelbleeding,especiallyspoutbleeding,localizationofthelesionforthedecisionofBEinsertionfacilitatesearlytreatment,suchasendoscopichemostaticclipping,allowingpatientstoavoiduselesstransfusionandtheworseningoftheirdiseaseintolife-threateningstatus.ApplyingendoscopicIndiainkmarkingpriortolaparoscopicsurgicalresectionisaparticularlyusefultechniqueformoreminimallyinvasivetreatment.WereporttwocasesofsmallbowelhemangiomafoundinexaminationsforOGIBthatweretreatedwithcombinationoflaparoscopicandendoscopicmodalities.

简介：针灸在煽动性的肠疾病(IBD)的治疗的好治疗学的效果，而是它的功能的机制系统地没被解释。Metabolomics是象生活有机体的新陈代谢的反应一样包含代谢物的动态化学过程的科学学习。Metabolomics，有正直和动力学的一个研究方法，对应于针灸的全面规章的效果并且与繁体中文药(TCM)的全面概念和动态平衡的概念一致。在最近的年里，metabolomics广泛地被用于IBD的临床、试验性的学习，并且它的潜在的应用价值是一致地由研究人员承认了。在这篇文章，在针灸的metabolomics的申请地位被总结，并且由metabolomics在IBD的规定和控制学习针灸的机制的研究想法preliminarily被探索。

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简介：AbstractThe human gastrointestinal tract accommodates an entire micro-environment for divergent physiologic processes, the dysbiosis of this micro-ecology has a strong inter-action with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the past few years, with the advances in the understanding of microbiome, its metabolites and further application of next generation sequencing, analysis of dynamic alteration of gut micro-environment was realized, which provides numerous information beyond simple microbiota structure or metabolites differences under chronic colitis status. The subsequent intervention strategies targeting the modulation of intestinal micro-environment have been explored as a potential therapy. In this review, we will summarize the recent knowledge about multi-dimensional dysbiosis, the inter-action between fungus and bacteria under inflamed mucosa, and the clinical application of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation as a promising therapeutic approach in IBD.

简介：瞄准：为了学习敏感，特性和钡餐的费用有效性，直与在开发国家钠起源的长期的腹的疼痛地为病人用作一种屏蔽形式的结肠积气(BMFTP)列在后面。方法：出席肠胃病学单位的五十个病人，SMS医院，其临床的评估揭示了肠起源的长期的腹的疼痛，在学习被包括。在平淡的测试以后，BMFT，BMFTP，对比腹部，钡灌肠和结肠镜检查的提高的计算断层摄影术(CECT)被执行。敏感，特性和在小或大的肠损害的察觉的这些成像形式的费用有效性被比较。结果：从五十个病人，结构的病理在十被发现。当七与小肠参与独自或在联合有结肠的参与时，九从这十个病人有小肠参与。当检测小肠参与时，BMFTP的敏感与BMFT是与88.89%相比的100%(BMFTP与回盲肠检测了一个另外的病人参与)。为结肠的病理的察觉的BMFTP的敏感和特性是85.71%和95.35%(41/43)分别地。当他们的敏感是几乎可比较的时，多于BMFTP显著地用BMFT和钡灌肠费用的联合长期的腹的疼痛(肠起源)地屏蔽一个病人。结论：BMFTP应该在研究工作被包括在上面有钠起源的长期的腹的疼痛的病人，在此也多重的地点(小并且大肠)被怀疑参与或这个地点在临床的根据上是不清楚的。BMFTP是排除的一个节俭、快、舒适的过程对在病人的多数的结肠镜检查的需要。

简介：Historically,mastcellswereknownasakeycelltypeinvolvedintypeIhypersensitivity.Untillasttwodecades,thiscelltypewasrecognizedtobewidelyinvolvedinanumberofnon-allergicdiseasesincludinginflammatoryboweldisease(IBD).MarkedlyincreasednumbersofmastcellswereobservedinthemucosaoftheileumandcolonofpatientswithIBD,whichwasaccompaniedbygreatchangesofthecontentinmastcellssuchasdramaticallyincreasedexpressionofTNFα,IL-16andsubstanceP.TheevidenceofmastcelldegranulationwasfoundinthewallofintestinefrompatientswithIBDwithimmunohistochemistrytechnique.ThehighlyelevatedhistamineandtryptaselevelsweredetectedinmucosaofpatientswithIBD,stronglysuggestingthatmastcelldegranulationisinvolvedinthepathogenesisofIBD.However,littleisknownoftheactionsofhistamine,tryptase,chymaseandcarboxypeptidaseinIBD.Overthelastdecade,heparinhasbeenusedtotreatIBDinclinicalpractice.Thelowmolecularweightheparin(LMWH)waseffectiveasadjuvanttherapy,andthepatientsshowedgoodclinicalandlaboratoryresponsewithnoseriousadverseeffects.TherolesofPGD2,LTC4,PAFandmastcellcytokinesinIBDwerealsodiscussed.Recently,aseriesofexperimentswithdispersedcolonmastcellssuggestedthereshouldbeatleasttwopathwaysinmanformastcellstoamplifytheirownactivation-degranulationsignalsinanautocrineorparacrinemanner.Thehypothesisisthatmastcellsecretogoguesinducemastcelldegranulation,releasehistamine,thenstimulatetheadjacentmastcellsorpositivelyfeedbacktofurtherstimulateitshostmastcellsthroughH1receptor.Whereasreleasedtryptaseactssimilarlytohistamine,butactivatesmastcellsthroughitsreceptorPAR-2.Theconnectionsbetweencurrentanti-IBDtherapiesorpotentialtherapiesforIBDwithmastcellswerediscussed,implicatingfurtherthatmastcellisakeycelltypethatisinvolvedinthepathogenesisofIBD.Inconclusion,whilepathoge

简介：Asubstantialproportionofpatientswithirritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)associatetheirsymptomswiththeingestionofspecificfoods.Therefore,inrecentyears,scientificresearchhasincreasinglyfocusedontheroleofdietinIBSanddietarymanagementisnowconsideredanimportanttoolinIBStreatment.ThisarticlereviewsthemaindietaryapproachesinIBSemphasizingevidencefromexperimentalandobservationalstudiesandsummarizingthemaindietandlifestylerecommendationsprovidedbydietaryguidelinesandscientificliterature.Despitethelimitedevidenceforabeneficialrole,generaladviceonhealthyeatingandlifestyleisrecommendedasthefirst-lineapproachinthedietarymanagementofIBS.Standardrecommendationsincludeadheringtoaregularmealpattern,reducingintakeofinsolublefibers,alcohol,caffeine,spicyfoods,andfat,aswellasperformingregularphysicalactivityandensuringagoodhydration.Second-linedietaryapproachshouldbeconsideredwhereIBSsymptomspersistandrecommendationsincludefollowingalowFODMAPdiet,tobedeliveredonlybyahealthcareprofessionalwithexpertiseindietarymanagement.Theefficacyofthisdietissupportedbyagrowingbodyofevidence.Incontrast,theroleoflactoseorglutendietaryrestrictioninthetreatmentofIBSremainssubjecttoongoingresearchwithalackofhigh-qualityevidence.Likewise,furtherclinicaltrialsareneededtoconcludetheefficacyofprobioticsonIBSsymptoms.

简介：AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a non-specific inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that is generally accepted to be closely related to intestinal dysbiosis in the host. GI infections contribute a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD; however, although the results of recent clinical studies have revealed an inverse correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and IBD, the exact mechanism underlying the development of IBD remains unclear. H. pylori, as a star microorganism, has been a focus for decades, and recent preclinical and real-world studies have demonstrated that H. pylori not only affects the changes in the gastric microbiota and microenvironment but also influences the intestinal microbiota, indicating a potential correlation with IBD. Detailed analysis revealed that H. pylori infection increased the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes, augmented the abundance of Firmicutes, and produced short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia. All these factors may decrease vulnerability to IBD. Further studies investigating the H. pylori-intestinal microbiota metabolite axis should be performed to understand the mechanism underlying the development of IBD.

简介：煽动性的肠疾病(IBD)包括二个实体，Crohn的疾病和ulcerative。两个是有经常的复杂并发症和外科的过程的长期的条件，一个伟人影响病人生命的质量。thiopurine抗代谢物azathioprine和6-mercaptopurine广泛地在IBD病人被使用。当前的指示包括维护治疗，类固醇家属疾病，管闭合，infliximabimmunogenicity的预防和Crohn的疾病复发的预防。令人惊讶地，在最后十年的抑制免疫力的药的宽使用没减少外科的需要，可能因为这些治疗在疾病路线在太迟了的阶段被介绍。immunossupressants的更早的使用现在被一些作者倡导。合理包括：(1)修改现在的治疗学的途径的IBD自然科学的失败，(2)那个azathioprine罐头导致粘膜的愈合的示范，为Crohn的疾病和ulcerative的一个相关预示的因素，并且(3)早immunossupression有的示范很积极的影响在上小儿科，最近诊断的Crohn的疾病病人。我们现在正在等候新研究的结果，诊断了成年Crohn的疾病病人(阿兹台克人学习)，与infliximab(声音的学习)相比澄清azathioprine的贡献，并且在最近表明azathioprine的实用性。

简介：AIM:Toevaluategutmicrobialdysbiosisintwovisceralhypersensitivemodelsincomparisonwithirritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)patientsandtoexploretheextenttowhichthesemodelscapturethedysbiosisofIBSpatients.METHODS:Visceralhypersensitivitywasdevelopedusingthematernalseparation(MS)ratmodelandpost-inflammatoryratmodel.Thevisceralsensitivityofthemodelgroupsandcontrolgroupwasevaluatedusingtheabdominalwithdrawreflexscoreandelectromyographyinresponsetogradedcolorectaldistention.The16SribosomalRNAgenefromfecalsampleswaspyrosequencedandanalyzed.Thecorrelationbetweendysbiosisinthemicrobiotaandvisceralhypersensitivitywascalculated.PositivefindingswerecomparedtosequencingdatafromapublishedhumanIBScohort.RESULTS:Dysbiosistriggeredbyneonatalmaternalseparationwaslastingbutnotstatic.BothMSandpostinflammatoryratfecalmicrobiotadeviatedfromthatofthecontrolratstoanextentthatwaslargerthantheco-housingeffect.Twoshortchainfattyacidproducinggenera,FusobacteriumandClostridiumXI,weresharedbythehumanIBScohortandbythematernalseparationratsandpost-inflammatoryrats,respectively,todifferentextents.FusobacteriumwassignificantlyincreasedintheMSgroup,anditsabundancepositivelycorrelatedwiththedegreeofvisceralhypersensitivity.Porphyromonadaceaewasaprotectivebiomarkerforboththeratcontrolgroupandhealthyhumancontrols.CONCLUSION:ThedysbiosisMSratmodelandthepost-inflammatoryratmodelcapturedsomeofthedysbiosisfeaturesofIBSpatients.Fusobacterium,ClostridiumXIandPorphyromonadaceaewereidentifiedastargetsforfuturemechanisticresearch.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetherelationshipbetweenthiopu-rineS-methyltransferase(TPMT)polymorphismsandthiopurine-inducedadversedrugreactions(ADRs)ininflammatoryboweldisease(IBD).METHODS:EligiblearticlesthatcomparedthefrequencyofTPMTpolymorphismsamongthiopurine-tolerantand-intolerantadultIBDpatientswereincluded.StatisticalanalysiswasperformedwithReviewManager5.0.Sub-analysis/sensitivityanalysiswasalsoperformed.RESULTS:Ninestudiesthatinvestigatedatotalof1309participantsmetourinclusioncriteria.Theinci-denceofTPMTgenemutationwasincreased2.93-fold(95%CI:1.68-5.09,P=0.0001)and5.93-fold(95%CI:2.96-11.88,P<0.00001),respectively,inIBDpatientswiththiopurine-inducedoverallADRsandbonemarrowtoxicity(BMT),comparedwithcontrols.TheORforTPMTgenemutationinIBDpatientswiththiopurine-inducedhepatotoxicityandpancreatitiswas1.51(95%CI:0.54-4.19,P=0.43)and1.02(95%CI:0.26-3.99,P=0.98)vscontrols,respectively.CONCLUSION:Thismeta-analysissuggeststhattheTPMTpolymorphismsareassociatedwiththiopurine-inducedoverallADRsandBMT,butnotwithhepatotoxicityandpancreatitis.