简介:研究Gross-Pitaevskii无穷线性级联的Cauchy问题.通过在密度矩阵序列的Sobolev型空间中引进一个(F)-范数,我们建立了解的局部存在性,唯一性和稳定性;也得到了解的明显空时估计.特别是,当初始值为分离形式时这个(F)-范数与通常的Sobolev范数是一致的.
简介:EarthquakelosestimationbyusingGrosDomesticProductandpopulationdataQI-FUCHEN1)(陈棋福)YONGCHEN1)(陈禺页)LINGCHEN2)(陈凌)1)CenterforAn...
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简介:In2000,theEastChinaPowerCorporationundertheauspicesoftheStatePowerCorporationtogetherwithShanghai,Jiangsu,ZhejiangandAnhuithreeprovincialandonemunicipalpowercompanieshavecompletedelectricitysalesof200TWhandrealizedagrossprofitof2.85billionyuanin2000,inwhich
简介:在农业土壤的氮(N)转变的更好的理解为持续、环境友好的N化肥管理和有效N2O缓解策略。这研究瞄准了:我)阐明季节粗野氮的硝化作用率和N2O排放,ii)在粗野氮的硝化作用上决定土壤条件的影响,并且iii)证实在粗野氮的硝化作用和N2在在Yantai的一个苹果果园的土壤的O排出物,东北中国。粗野氮的硝化作用率和N2O流动用气压的过程分离(BaPS)在2009,2010,和2011从三月被检验到10月技术和静态的房间方法。在湿季节期间,粗野氮的硝化作用率比在旱季条件下面的那些高1.64倍。多重回归分析表明粗野氮的硝化作用率显著地与土壤温度被相关并且玷污充满水的毛孔空间(WFPS)。在粗野氮的硝化作用率和土壤WFPS之间的关系跟随了在60%WFPS达到顶点的一条最佳曲线。氧化氩氮流动从三月广泛地变化了到10月并且被N化肥申请刺激。统计上重要的积极关联在粗野氮的硝化作用率和土壤N2O排出物。进一步的评估显示那个粗野氮的硝化作用显著地作出贡献到N2O形成在旱季(大约86%)期间,但是到更小的度在湿季节(大约51%)期间。因此,粗野氮的硝化作用是为N2在地理区域的苹果果园生态系统的土壤的O。
简介:BACKGROUND:Theuseofacupuncturehasreceivedrecognitiontoeffectivelytreatcerebralpalsy.Moreover,musictherapycanbeusedtomodifytreatmentofcerebralpalsy.OBJECTIVE:Tostudytheeffectsofcombinedtreatmentusingacupunctureandmusictherapyongrossmotorfunctionmeasure(GMFM)ofchildrenwithcerebralpalsy,comparedwithacupuncturetreatmentalone.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Randomized,controlled,clinicalstudy.TheexperimentwasconductedinShenzhenHospitalofTraditionalChineseMedicinebetweenJanuary2007andSeptember2007.PARTICIPANTS:AllchildrenwithcerebralpalsyinthetrialwerefromtheoutpatientdepartmentofShenzhenHospitalofTraditionalChineseMedicine.Thechildrenwererandomlydividedintotwogroups:30childreninGroupBreceivedacupunctureandmusictherapy,while30childreninGroupAreceivedonlyacupuncturetherapy.METHODS:SubjectsinGroupsAandBreceivedacupuncturebasedonsyndromedifferentiation.Themainacupointswerenecessaryforallparticipants.Atfirst,flashneedlingwasappliedtotheacupoints.Fortheremainingacupoints,thetechniqueoftransverseneedlingwasappliedtotheheadacupoints,andperpendicularneedlingwasusedfortheotherpoints.Theinsertedneedlesweretwirledandthenmaintainedfor30minutes.Theneedlewastwirledforonesecondeveryother10minutes,withoutreinforcing-reducingtechniques.Thetherapywasperformedeveryotherday.Thetrialconsistedofthreeperiodseach,andlastedfor84days.SubjectsinGroupBreceivedmusictherapy.Theylistenedtomusicthattheypreferredwhileacupuncturewasbeingperformed.Followingacupuncture,theywereallowedtoperformmusicalactivities,suchaspercussion,singing,anddancing.Themusictherapywasscheduledforonehour,includinglisteningtomusicfor30minutesandmusicactivitiesfor30minutes.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:ThecomprehensivefunctionalevaluationscaleofcerebralpalsyandtheGMFMwereappliedtotestsymptomsbeforeand
简介:Elevatedatmosphericnitrogen(N)depositionhasbeendetectedinmanyregionsofChina,butitseffectsonsoilNtransformationintemperateforestecosystemsarenotwellknown.WethereforesimulatedNdepositionwithfourlevelsofNadditionrate(N0,N30,N60,andN120)for6yearsinanold-growthtemperateforestinXiaoxing’anMountainsinNortheasternChina.WemeasuredgrossNtransformationratesinthelaboratoryusing15NtracingtechnologytoexploretheeffectsofNdepositiononsoilgrossNtransformationstakingadvantageofNdepositionsoils.NosignificantdifferencesingrosssoilNtransformationrateswereobservedafter6yearsofNdepositionwithvariouslevelsofNadditionrate.ForallNdepositionsoils,thegrossNH4+immobilizationrateswereconsistentlylowerthanthegrossNmineralizationrates,leadingtonetNmineralization.Nitrate(NO3-)wasprimarilyproducedviaoxidationofNH4+(i.e.,autotrophicnitrification),whereasoxidationoforganicN(i.e.,heterotrophicnitrification)wasnegligible.Differencesbetweenthequantityofammonia-oxidizingbacteriaandammonia-oxidizingarchaeawerenotsignificantforanytreatment,whichlikelyexplainsthelackofasignificanteffectongrossnitrificationrates.GrossnitrificationratesweremuchhigherthanthetotalNO3-consumptionrates,resultinginabuild-upofNO3-,whichhighlightsthehighriskofNlossesviaNO3-leachingorgaseousNemissionsfromsoils.ThisresponseisoppositethatoftypicalN-limitedtemperateforestssufferingfromNdeposition,suggestingthattheinvestigatedold-growthtemperateforestecosystemislikelytoapproachNsaturation.
简介:Investorsshouldalwaysargueaboutmanagementfeesbecauseoftheirimpactonnetperformancethatcanbesubstantial.Thisespeciallyforinvestments,likerealestate,whichrequireintensivemanagement.However,differentfromtraditionalmutualfundsthatareusuallyrelatedtothegrossvalueoftheassetsundermanagement,butsimilartootherfinancialindustrysectors(e.g.hedgefundsandprivateequityfunds),REITmanagers’compensationstructuretypicallyprovidesabasicallyfixedpaymentbasedalternativelyongrossassetvalue(GAV)ornetassetvalue(NAV).Inaddition,managersusuallyalsogainaperformancefee.ThepaperanalyseshowthetwoalternativecompensationschemesinfluenceREITs’investmentdecisionsandcapitalstructureand,consequently,REITs’sharevalueandperformance.Thefinalissueaddressediswhether—andunderwhichconditions—onecompensationschemeissuperiortotheother.Duetothe(usual)marketpricediscountonNAVs,bothfeestructuresincentivisemanagerstoleverage—eveninatax-freeenvironment—inordertomaximizethemanagementfees.However,theleveragemotivationisstrongerforGAV-basedthanforNAV-basedREITs,whicharealsoexpectedtobemoreselectiveininvestmentdecisions.Overall,consideringinitialfeepercentage,GAV-basedREITsareexpectedtoexecutehighermanagementfeesthanNAV-basedREITsduetotherelevantleverageeffect.Moreover,debtrecourseproducesdifferenteffectsonsharevalueifmeasureduponmarketpriceornetassetvalue.TheempiricalanalysisfocusesonpublicItalianREITs(2002-2012).Theresultsseemtosupportthetheoreticalexpectations.GAV-basedREITsexperiencehigherdebttrendsandlevelsthanNAV-basedREITs.Atthesametime,GAV-basedREITsregisterlowerrealestateassetreturnsgrossandnetofmanagementfeesforbothcurrentandgrowthyields.DifferencesinthereturnsleadtopermanenthigherperformancesovertotalreturnindexesofNAV-basedREITscomparedtoGAV-basedREITs.