简介:AccordingtoLorenz,chaoticdynamicsystemshavesensitivedependenceoninitialconditions(SDIC),i.e.,thebutterfly-effect:atinydifferenceoninitialconditionsmightleadtohugedifferenceofcomputer-generatedsimulationsafteralongtime.Thus,computer-generatedchaoticresultsgivenbytraditionalalgorithmsindoubleprecisionareakindofmixtureof'true'(convergent)solutionandnumericalnoisesatthesamelevel.Today,thisdefectcanbeovercomebymeansofthe'cleannumericalsimulation'(CNS)withnegligiblenumericalnoisesinalongenoughintervaloftime.TheCNSisbasedontheTaylorseriesmethodathighenoughorderanddatainthemultipleprecisionwithlargeenoughnumberofdigits,plusaconvergencecheckusinganadditionalsimulationwithevensmallernumericalnoises.Intheory,convergent(reliable)chaoticsolutionscanbeobtainedinanarbitrarylong(butfinite)intervaloftimebymeansoftheCNS.TheCNScanreducenumericalnoisestosuchalevelevenmuchsmallerthanmicro-leveluncertaintyofphysicalquantitiesthatpropagationofthesephysicalmicro-leveluncertaintiescanbepreciselyinvestigated.Inthispaper,webrieflyintroducethebasicideasoftheCNS,anditsapplicationsinlong-termreliablesimulationsofLorenzequation,three-bodyproblemandRayleigh-Bénardturbulentflows.UsingtheCNS,itisfoundthatachaoticthree-bodysystemwithsymmetrymightdisruptwithoutanyexternaldisturbance,say,itssymmetry-breakingandsystem-disruptionare'self-excited',i.e.,out-of-nothing.Inaddition,bymeansoftheCNS,wecanprovidearigoroustheoreticalevidencethatthemicro-levelthermalfluctuationistheoriginofmacroscopicrandomnessofturbulentflows.Naturally,muchmoreprecisethantraditionalalgorithmsindoubleprecision,theCNScanprovideusanewwaytomoreaccuratelyinvestigatechaoticdynamicsystems.
简介:Multiplesclerosisisachronicinflammatorydiseasethatisaccompaniedbydemyelinationandaxonaldamageresultinginneurologicaldeficits.Remyelinationisthenaturalendogenousrepairmechanismofdemyelinatedaxonsanditissupposedtoprotectaxons/neuronsfromdegenerationandthusthepatientfromprogressivedisability(FranklinandFfrench-Constant,2008).Currenttherapeuticsforpatientswithmultiplesclerosis
简介:摘要:航空通信导航监视(CNS)系统作为现代航空领域的关键支撑,经历了持续的发展与演进。本文摘要将探讨CNS系统从传统导航通信方式演变至数字化智能化阶段的过程。回顾历史,传统的航空导航与通信系统逐步演变为集成的CNS系统,极大地提高了航空交通的效率和安全性。随着技术的突破,通信、导航和监视子系统逐渐融合,实现了更高水平的自动化和数字化管理。本文旨在深入探讨CNS系统的发展历程,为航空业界和学术界提供洞察与启示,以促进航空领域的持续创新与进步。
简介:摘要由美国神经外科医师联合会(AANS)和神经外科医师大会(CNS)组织专家,在2010版《脑转移瘤治疗的循证医学指南》的基础上,以循证医学为基础,通过复习文献,重新制定了2019版《成人脑转移瘤治疗的循证医学指南》(以下简称"新《指南》")。新《指南》根据治疗方法及疾病特点分为8个部分,涵盖了手术、放疗、化疗、激素及新疗法等方面,新增了"多发脑转移瘤"的相关内容。由于脑转移瘤疾病的复杂性,可能出现指南中某些推荐意见之间重叠而影响对其深入理解,故本文对新《指南》中提出的诊疗推荐意见进行了解读,以供同道参考。
简介:Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)containsthetwomostimportantorgans,thebrainandspinalcord,fortheorchestrationofthementalandphysicalactivitiesoflife.Becauseofitsimportance,thehumanbodyhasevolvedbarriersystemstoprotectCNStissuefromtheexternalenvironment.Thisbarrierisamembranecomposedoftightlyapposedcellsandisselectivelypermeabletospecificmoleculesbywayofmembranetransporters.Themajorbarriersinthebrainandtheircorrespondingcellularconstituentsarethebloodbrainbarrier(BBB)composedofendothelialcellsinbrain
简介:针对无阻尼惯导系统的误差特点,设计了适合航空应用的惯性(INS)/天文(CNS)/Doppler组合导航系统,建立了该组合导航系统卡尔曼滤波模型.仿真试验表明,该组合导航系统能为飞行体提供精确的导航信息.
简介:针对CNS/INS组合导航系统中缩短初始对准时间的问题,设计了一种CNS/INS组合导航系统组合对准新方法。在CNS/INS姿态四元数组合算法的基础上,推导CNS/INS组合系统线性化状态方程,分析了INS和CNS姿态四元数差值构建量测方程。利用递推最小二乘原理实现了对该组合系统的信息融合,设计了基于该估计原理的组合导航系统初始对准方法,考虑到大气层内动基座条件下对于星敏感器造成的干扰因素增加了加权处理环节,最后通过仿真实验验证了递推加权最小二乘法在处理组合导航系统初始对准中的有效性。仿真结果表明在微晃基座条件下,与传统的滤波方法相比较该估计方法能够有效地缩短约25%的对准时间。