简介：TheJanuskinase-signaltransducersandactivatorsoftranscription(JAK-STAT)signalingpathway,activatedbymorethan50cytokinesorgrowthfactors,playscriticalrolesinawidevarietyofcellularfunctionsinthehematopoietic,immune,neuronalandhepaticsystems.Intheliver,thissignalingpathway,activatedbymorethan20cytokines,growthfactors,hormones,andhepatitisviralproteins,playscriticalrolesinantiviraldefense,acutephaseresponse,hepaticinjury,repair,inflammation,transformation,andhepatitis.ThisarticlereviewsthebiologicalsignificanceofSTAT1,2,3,4,5,6inhepaticfunctionsanddiseases.Cellular&MolecularImmunology.2005;2(2):92-100.

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简介：Transplantrejection,liketolerance,isaTcell-dependentevent.ThereiscompellingevidencetosuggestthatinductionoftransplanttoleranceisanactivelylearnedprocessinwhichTcellsneedtoengagewiththealloantigensinordertolearntotoleratetheallograft.AfamilyofcytokineswhosereceptorsusethesameIL-2receptorγcchain(alsocalledthecommonγc)playsanimportantroleinregulatingmultipleaspectsoftheallograftresponse(I.e.Rejectionvs.Tolerance).ItisundeniablethatγccytokinescandriveclonalexpansionandeffectormaturationofalloreactiveTcells,andtherefore,targetingsuchcytokinesortheirreceptorcomponentsremainsanattractivewayofblockingtransplantrejection.However,wejuststartedtoappreciatethatγccytokinesalsoregulatetheacquisitionoftransplanttoleranceviaprogrammingactivatedTcellsforapoptoticcelldeathandviaguidingtheevolutionofregulatoryTcells.Thus,understandingpreciselytheroleofγccytokinesinregulatingTcellhomeostasisandTcellregulationiscriticallyimportantintheinductionoftransplanttolerance.

简介：BackgroundMyocardialfibrosisisoneprocessofthevariousheartdiseases,whichleadstocommonpathologicalchangeswhenitdevelopstoacertainstage.Itisthemaincauseofventricularremodelingwhicheventuallyleadstodifferentdegreesofcardiacdysfunction,malignantarrhythmiasandsuddencardiacdeath.Manystudieshaveshownthatvariouscytokinesplayaveryimportantroleinthedevelopmentofmyocardialfibrosis.Thispaperreviewsthelatestresearchesontheroleofcytokinesinmyocardialfibrosis.

简介：基因治疗为癌症的治疗提供一条新途径。编码immunostimulatorycytokines的基因的转移与显著成功被使用了在动物消除癌症。然而，在有这策略的病人的临床的试用限制了功效。因此，基因转移向量系统的改进是必要的。混合病毒的向量，与鼠科的IL-12或记者LacZ基因由SFVreplicon组成，被构造。这混合向量在vitro并且在vivo在HCC显示出表示的特性和高水平。在一个老鼠orthotropic肝肿瘤模型，没有伴随毒性，由有mIL-12基因的混合向量的确定的肿瘤的治疗导致了一项强壮的反肿瘤活动。随后，助手依赖者侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌包含mifepristone(RU486)的向量可诱导的系统被构造为控制并且人的interleukin的肝特定的表示12(hIL-12)(HD-Ad/RUhIL-12)并且鼠标IL-12(mIL-12)(HD-Ad/RUmIL-12)。数据证明hIL-12的高、支撑的浆液层次能被继续RU486的管理达到每12或24h。hIL-12的重复正式就职能被获得在上，至少在HD-Ad/RUhIL-12的单个注射以后的48个星期的一个时期。肝转移与的处理HD-Ad/RUmIL-12，正RU846在所有动物导致了完全的肿瘤回归。然后，不同cytokine基因被插入到有条件的replicative侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌向量(也叫的oncolytic侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌)。在肿瘤房间的侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌的复制将杀死肿瘤房间和版本病毒，它感染包围肿瘤房间。由oncolytic侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌的cytopathic效果和transgene的生物效果的联合将施加强壮的反肿瘤活动。向量的这些新类型可以为癌症基因治疗提供一个有势力和安全工具。

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简介：Objectives:TofindoutthelevelandfunctionsofChlamydiatrachomatisheatshockprotein(C-hsp60)antibody,anti-spermantibody(ASAb),interleukin1(IL-1),interleukin6(IL-6),interleukin8(IL-8),Tumornecrosisfactoralpha(TNF-α)andγ-interferon(IFN-γ/)inpatientswithCT-relatedinfertility.Methods:CT-DNAofcervicalsecretionswasdetectedthroughpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)andmigrationinhibitingfactor(MIF)wasemployedtomeasureIgGtitreofCTMOMPantibody.WesternblotwasusedtodeterminepresenceofC-hsp60antibodyandenzyme-linkedimmunoadsorbentassay(ELISA)measuredASAbofIgGtypeinbloodserumanddeterminethecontentofIL-1,IL-6,IL-8.TNF-u,IFN-7inuterinetubefluid.Results:68patientshadpositiveCT-DNA,amongwhich57(83.8%)hadC-hsp60antibody.Amongthe172patientswithnegativeCT-DNA,64patients(37.2%)alsohadC-hsp60Antibody.Therewasasignificantdifference(P<0.01)betweeninfertilepatientsandcontrolgrouppatientsinthepresenceofASAb.InfertilepatientswithpositiveCT-DNAhadhigherlevelsofIL-1.IL-6.IL-8,TNF-u,IFN-7inuterinetubefluidcomparedtocontrolgrouppatients(P<0.01).Conclusion:Firstly,thosepatientswithnegativeCTtestingfromcervicalsecretionscannotberuledoutforCTinfectionindeeppartsofthebody(suchasoviduct,pelvickidney).DetectionofC-hsp60AntibodymayhelptodiagnosesuchcasesofCT.Secondly,CTinfectionoftheoviductcanraiselevelsofIL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、N-γ.ThepathogenesisofinfertilitycausedbyCTinfectioninthereproductivetractmayberelatedtocytokineproductionandinflammatoryresponsesmediatedbyC-hsp60Antibody,IL-1,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-αandIFN-γ.

简介：AbstractPurpose:The combined use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medicine to manage bacterial endotoxin-induced inflammation following injuries or diseases is increasing. The cytokine level produced by macrophages plays an important role in this treatment course. Ciprofloxacin and indomethacin, two typical representatives of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medicine, are cost-effective and has been reported to show satisfactory effect. The current study aims to investigate the effect of ciprofloxacin along with indomethacin on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages in vitro.Methods:Primary murine peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells were administrated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. The related optimal dose and time point of ciprofloxacin or indomethacin in response to macrophage inflammatory response inflammation were determined via macrophage secretion induced by LPS. Then, the effects of ciprofloxacin and indomethacin on the secretory functions and viability of various macrophages were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry analysis, especially for the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The optimal dose and time course of ciprofloxacin affecting macrophage inflammatory response were determined by testing the maximum inhibitory effect of the drugs on pro-inflammatory factors at each concentration or time point.Results:According to the levels of cytokines secreted by various macrophages (1.2 × 106 cells/well) after administration of 1 μg/mL LPS, the optimal dose and usage timing for ciprofloxacin alone were 80 μg/mL and 24 h, respectively, and the optimal dose for indomethacin alone was 10 μg/mL. Compared with the LPS-stimulated group, the combination of ciprofloxacin and indomethacin reduced the levels of IL-1β (p < 0.05), IL-6 (p < 0.05), IL-10 (p < 0.01)), and TNF-α (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was greater stability in the reduction of inflammatory factor levels in the combination group compared with those in which only ciprofloxacin or indomethacin was used.Conclusion:The combination of ciprofloxacin and indomethacin suppressed the levels of inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages in vitro. This study illustrates the regulatory mechanism of drug combinations on innate immune cells that cause inflammatory reactions. In addition, it provides a new potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatment pattern to prevent and cure various complications in the future.

简介：AIM:Toexaminethemechanismofthedevelopmentofpseudoexfoliation(PSX)syndromeviabothcytokineformationandendothelialvasorelaxingandgrowthfactorsthatwillprovideusnewtherapeuticinsightsforthetreatment.METHODS:Thisisacrosssectionalstudyincludedtwogroups;Group1:controlpatientswithnuclearcataract(n=20,aged51-80years).Group2:PSXpatientswithnuclearcataract(n=18,aged50-90years).Patientswithotherophthalmicproblemsandsystemicdiseaseswereexcluded.Vascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF),interleukin-6(IL-6)andinterleukin-1β(IL-1β)andnitrotyrosinelevelsweredeterminedthroughserumsamplesbyEnzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)method.Nitrite-nitratelevelsweremeasuredwithphotometricendpointdetermination.RESULTS:Therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweenthegroupsintermsofage,VEGF,IL-1β,nitrite-nitrateandnitrotyrosine.ThesignificantresultswerethemeanIL-6levelsthatwerehigherinPSXgroup2(37.68±29.52pg/mL)comparedtothatincontrolgroup1(15.32±10.08pg/mL)(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:SeveralinteractingandextendingbiochemicalpathwaysmayleadtothepromotionofVEGFandIL-6expressions.IL-6whichistheonlyalteredmarkerinourstudymayindirectlycauseanincreaseofvascularpermeabilityandneovascularization.WesuggestinflammationasafactorthatcanbeinvolvedinetiopathogenesisofPSX.

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简介：自发的术语劳动在包括cytokine生产和白血球渗入的myometrium与放大煽动性的事件被联系；然而，调整如此的事件的潜在的机制充分没被理解。我们由成长胎儿假设了子宫的墙的那机械段由子宫的myocytes通过各种各样的cytokines的版本便于外部白血球溢出进术语myometrium。人的myometrial房间(hTERT-HM)受到静态的机械段；调节段的媒介被收集并且分析了使用48-plexLuminex试金和ELISA。人的子宫的microvascularendothelial房间(UtMVEC-Myo)的房间粘附分子表示上的调节段的媒介的效果被量的聚合酶链反应(qPCR)和流动cytometry检测；测试leukocyte-endothelial相互作用的功能的试金：到endothelial房间和象THP-1monocytic房间的移植一样的标记calcein的主要人的neutrophils的transendothelial移植的白血球的粘附被萤光计估计。在vitro学习的水流证明机械段(i)直接由hTERT-HM细胞导致多重cytokines和chemokines的分泌物(IL-6，CXCL8，CXCL1，移植禁止的因素(MIF)，VEGF，G-CSF，IL-12p70，bFGF和导出血小板的生长因素子单元B(PDGF-bb)，P<；0.05)；导致段的cytokines(ii)提高白血球粘附到包围的内皮细胞层子宫的微脉管系统由(iii)导致endothelial房间粘附分子的表示并且(iv)指导外部白血球的transendothelial迁居。(vi)抵销Chemokine抗体和用途广泛的chemokine禁止者堵住白血球移植。我们的数据从子宫的血容器为白血球招募提供机械规定的一个证明给myometrium，为白血球建议通常认为的机制在劳动和产后的复杂物期间渗透到子宫。

简介：Type2cytokinesareusuallypredominantintumorpatientsandassociatedwithtumorprogression.Toexplorewhetherreversingoftype2predominancecouldbeapromisingstrategyintumorimmunotherapy,PBMCsof35lungcancerpatientsand19healthysubjectswerepreparedandsubjectedtobeexaminedforcytokinesecretionandgeneexpression.Tetra-Methylpyrazine(TTMP),extractedfromatraditionalChinesemedicinalherbwhichhasbeenusedinclinictoreversetheTh2statusofcancerpatientsinChina,wasaddedtoPBMCculture.DeterminedbyRT-PCR,thepositivepercentagesofmRNAexpressionoftype1cytokines(8.6%forIFN-γand11.4%forIL-2)werelowerthanthoseoftype2cytokines(71.4%forIL-4,60%forIL-6and80%forIL-10)inpatients'PBMCs.Thepotentialofgeneexpressing(measuredasrelativeintensitytotheratioofβ-actin)inthepatientsfortype1cytokineswasalsoinalowlevel(0.111forIFN-γ,0.119forIL-2)incomparisonwitharelativehighlevelfortype2cytokines(0.319forIL-4,0.303forIL-6and0.377forIL-10).Meanwhile,bothpositivepercentageandrelativeintensityofgeneexpressionwerelowerforatype1cytokine-relatedtranscriptionfactorT-bet(31.4%and0.142,respectively)thanthosefortype2cytokine-relatedGATA3(85.7%and0.378,respectively).ThebloodserumlevelsofIFN-γandIL-2inthepatientswereslightlylowerbutnotsignificantlywhencomparedwithhealthycontrol.Incontrast,thelevelsIL-4andIL-6inpatientsweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseinhealthysubjectsbyELISAanalysis.TTMPcouldenhancesupernatantconcentrationandgeneexpressionlevelsofIFN-γ,IL-2andT-bet,butreducedthoseoftype2cytokines.Theseresultsdemonstratethatthelungcancerpatientshadapredominantexpressionoftype2cytokinesandTTMPcouldreversethetype2dominantstatus,whichmightofferanalternativetherapeuticregimeforlungcancerpatients.Cellular&MolecularImmunology.2004;1(1):63-70.

简介：Objective:ThisstudyanalyzedtheTlymphocytesandThl/Th2typecytokineprofileshiftintheperipheralbloodofpatientswithrecurrentgenitalherpes(RGH).Methods:Immunofluorescentstainingofcellsurfaceantigenandintracellularcytokines(IL-2,IL-4,IL-12,IFN-r)inperipheralbloodfrom20RGHpatientsand10controlswereanalyzedusingflowcytometrictechniques.Results:RGHpatientshadsignificantlylowerlevelsofCD3^+Tcells,CD4^+TcellsandCD4^+T/CD8^+Tcellsratiocomparedtocontrollevels(P<0.001),andIL-2-producing,IFN-r-producingandIL-12-producingTcellswereincreasedinRGHpatients(CD4^+T:P<0.001,CD8^+T:P<0.05respectively),whereasIL-4-producingTcellswereincreasedinRGHpatientscomparedtocontrols(CD4+T:P<0.05;CDS^+T:P<0.001respectively).Conclusions:RGHpatientshaveTlymphocytesubsetvariationsandThl/Th2cytokinechanges.TheincreaseinTh2cellsThl/Th2imbalancemayhaveimportantimplicationsforRGHpathogenesis.

简介：TheeffectofPentoxifylline(PTX)ontype1diabeteswasinvestigatedbymeansofthestudiesontheexpressionsofcytokinemRNAinpancreasandtheFas-Fasl,onisletcellsofNODmice.NODmiceweretreatedwithFFXfrom4-6wk,andthenfrom8-12wk.Aftertreatment,itwasfoundthattheincidenceofdiabetesinNODmiceatagesof30wkwasreducedto25%ingroupofmicetreatedwithPTX,incomparisonto73.3%incaseofmiceinjectedwithPBS,andthedegreeofinsulitisinthePTXtreatedmicewaslowerthanthatofthePBSinjectedmice.RT-PCRanalysisrevealeddown-regulatoryeffectontheexpressionsofIFN-γandTNF-αmRNAinPTXtreatedmice,buttherewasnoanyeffectontheexpressionofIL-10.AstotheexpressionofFas,therewasmarkeddecreaseinthemeancytoplasmicintegralopticaldensity(IOD)inPTXtreatedmice,buttherewaslittledifferencebetweenFIXandPBSgroupsintheexpressionofFasL.TheseresultsindicatedthatFIXcouldpreventthedevelopmentofdiabetesinNODmice,whichmightberelatedtotheregulationofTh1/Th2imbalanceandthedecreasedexpressionofFasinisletcells.

简介：TheaimofthisstudyistoexplorepotentialpathogenicityofMycoplasmapenetrans,andtoinvestigatewhetherM.penetranslipid-associatedmembraneproteins(LAMPs)couldinducehumanmonocyticcellline(THP-1)toproducesomeproinflammatorycytokinesinvitro,includinginterleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumornecrosisfactoralpha(TNF-α),andIL-8.THP-1wasstimulatedwithdifferentconcentrationsofM.penetransLAMPsandatdifferenttimetoanalyzetheproductionofhumanIL-1β,TNF-αandIL-8.TheproteinlevelsofhumanIL-1β,TNF-αandIL-8weremeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunoadsorbentassay(ELISA)andthemRNAlevelsoftheseproinflamrnatorycytokinesweredetectedbyreversetranscriptase-PCR(RT-PCR).ItwasdemonstratedinthepresentstudythattheproductionofIL-1β,TNF-αandIL-8increasedindose-andtime-dependentmannerafterstimulationwithM.penetransLAMPsinTHP-1cells.M.penetransLAMPsalsoinducedtheexpressionofIL-1β,TNF-αandIL-8mRNA.TheproductionofIL-1β,TNF-αandIL-8andtheexpressionofmRNAweredown-regulatedbypyrrolidinedithiocarbamate(PDTC).ThisstudydemonstratedthatM.penetransLAMPscaninducetheproductionofproinflammatorycytokinesinhumanmonocyticcellsinvitro,thussuggestingthatitmaybeanimportantetiologicalfactor.

简介：AbstractObjective:To identify potential early diagnostic markers for hepatitis B progression to primary liver carcinoma using routine immunological tests based on 6 cytokine combinations.Methods:Eight hundred and ninety-nine patients with hepatitis B progressing to early primary liver carcinoma admitted to and treated at Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China between March 2015 and June 2017 were included in this observational study, including 666 patients with HBsAg+, HBeAb+, HBcAb+ liver carcinoma and 233 patients with HBsAg+, HBeAg+, HBcAb+ liver carcinoma. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the efficiency of the different cytokine in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, China (approval No. CHEC2020-080) on June 6, 2020.Results:Changed levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2R, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and Youden index for the diagnosis of primary liver carcinoma using the combination of IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-8, and TNF-α were 0.938, 79.2%, 96.7%, 96%, 82.0%, 0.759, respectively. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level in patients with primary liver carcinoma was positively correlated with IL-2R (r=0.3502, P < 0.001), IL-8 (r=0.1558, P=0.0273), and TNF-α (r=0.2544, P < 0.001) levels. The equation fitted to the results was logit(P)=0.086+ 0.01 × IL-2R-0.001 × IL-8-0.033 × TNF-α-0.041 × IL-1β.Conclusion:Our study establishes a novel, potentially valuable diagnostic model based on four cytokines related to the early stages of liver carcinoma.

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