简介：Currently,mostpeoplewithmodernmultichannelcochlearimplantsystemscanunderstandspeechinqui-etenvironmentverywell.However,studiesinrecentdecadesreportedalackofsatisfactioninmusicpercep-tionwithcochlearimplants.Thisarticlereviewstheliteratureonmusicabilityofcochlearimplantusersbypresentingasystematicoutlineofthecapabilitiesandlimitationsofcochlearimplantrecipientswithregardtotheirmusicperceptionaswellasproduction.Thereviewalsoevaluatesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbe-tweenelectrichearingandacoustichearingregardingmusicperception.Wesummarizetheresearchresultsintermsoftheindividualcomponentsofmusic(e.g.,rhythm,pitch,andtimbre).Finally,webrieflyintro-ducethevocalsingingofprelingually-deafenedchildrenwithcochlearimplantsasevaluatedbyacousticmeasures.

简介：Geneticdefectsareoneofthemostimportantetiologiesofseveretoprofoundsensorineuralhearinglossandplayanimportantroleindeterminingcochlearimplantationoutcomes.Whilethepathogenicmutationtypesofanumberofdeafnessgeneshavebeencloned,thepathogenesismechanismsandtheirrelationshiptotheoutcomesofcochlearimplantationremainahotresearcharea.Theauditoryperformanceisconsideredtobeaffectedbytheetiologyofhearinglossandthenumberofsurvivingspiralganglioncells,aswellasothers.Currentresearchadvancesincochlearimplantationforhereditarydeafness,especiallytherelationshipamongclinic-types,genotypesandoutcomesofcochlearimplantation,willbediscussedinthisreview.

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简介：Introduction:Mostcochlearimplantsarecurrentlycompatiblewithmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)upto3T.Nevertheless,thisdoesnotcompletelyeliminatetheriskofseriousaccidents.Implantdisplacementsandotheradverseeventswithcompatibleimplantshavebeenreportedintheliterature.Casereports:AmongthesixpatientswhohadMRIafterreceivingimplantsatourcenter,wereportthreecaseswithadverseeventsrelatedtotheexamination.Thefirstcasewascomplicatedbymagnetdisplacementwithpartialdemagnetization.Thesecondcaseshowedtotaldemagnetization,whichnecessitatedremovalandreimplantationoftheimplant.ThethirdcaseinvolvedseverepainsensationwhichdisruptedtheMRIscan.Thesmallestartifactwasfoundwith3DMRIangiography,andlargestartifactwasfoundwithdiffusionandT2FLASH.Discussion:MovingthepatientintotheMRIapparatusmustbesupervisedbyanotorhinolaryngologyspecialistoranexperiencedradiologist.Itisimportanttoconsiderthemagneticfielddirections,sothatanglebetweentheimplantmagneticfieldsandtheMRIB0alwaysremainslessthanorequalto90°.Inaddition,werecommendtheuseofan"arrowdrawing"tofacilitatetheorientationofthemagneticfielddirections.Furthermore,topreventmagnetdisplacement,werecommendsystematicuseofaprotectivesplintinadditiontobandaging.

简介：AbstractThe auditory brainstem implant (ABI) was originally developed to provide rehabilitation of retrocochlear deafness caused by neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Recent studies of the ABI have investigated outcomes in non-NF2 cohorts, such as patients with cochlear nerve aplasia or cochlear ossification and more recently, intractable tinnitus. New technologies that improve the ABI-neural tissue interface are being explored as means to improve performance and decrease side effects. Innovative discoveries in optogenetics and bioengineering present opportunities to continually evolve this technology into the future, enhancing spatial selectivity of neuronal activation in the cochlear nucleus and preventing side effects through reduction in activation of non-target neuronal circuitry. These advances will improve surgical planning and ultimately improve patients’ audiological capabilities. ABI research has rapidly increased in the 21st century and applications of this technology are likely to continually evolve. Herein, we aim to characterize ongoing clinical, basic science, and bioengineering advances in ABIs and discuss future directions of this technology.

简介：Technologicaladvancementsarecontinuouslychangingtheparadigmofhumanexistence.Humanbeingsareconstantlyengaginginvariousmeasurestoreducetheextentofsensoryandmotorimpairment.Thishasbeenintheformofvariousdevices,e.g.orthopedicprosthesis,visualaids(spectacles)andhearingaids.Countlessattemptsthroughoutthecenturieshavebeenmadeinanefforttoimprovesoundamplificationinpatients.Thisarticleseekstohighlightsthetechnologicaljourneyofonesuchimplant,themiddleearimplant,fromitsinceptiontothemoretechnologicaladvancedfuturisticproposals.Whiletherearemanyamplificationdevicesavailablepresently,therestillremainsagroupofpatientswhohavenotexperiencedadequateamplificationfortheirhearinglossandthissubsetmaygainthegreatestbenefitfrommiddleearimplants.

简介：Objectives:Thisstudyexaminedthequalityoflife(QoL)oftheparentsandsiblingsofhearing-impairedchildrenwithcochlearimplants(CIs).Design:Thisisacross-sectional,questionnaire-basedstudy.Thequestionnaireconsistsofthreesub-domains-interaction,emotionalwell-beingandsupportforthehearing-impairedchildandtheoverallQoL-andtwoopen-endedquestionsforparticipantstoprovidecommentsandsuggestionstoenhancetheirfamily'sQoL.Atotalof63questionnairesweree-mailedormailedtofamilieswhomettheinclusioncriteria.Setting:ThestudywasconductedundertheCenterforRehabilitation&SpecialNeeds,FacultyofHealthSciences,UniversitiKebangsaanMalaysia,KualaLumpur.Participants:Atotalof79parentsand23siblingsfrom44familiesofchildrenwithCIparticipatedinthisstudy.Mainoutcomemeasures:Themeanscoreforeachofthesub-domainandtheoverallQoLforbothsubjectgroupswerecomputed.Theanswersfortheopen-endedquestionswerelistedandorganizedintothemes.Results:ThereweresignificantcorrelationsbetweentheoverallQoLscoreandeachofthetestdomainsfortheparents'group(p<0.01).Forthesiblings'group,onlytheinteractionandsupportdomainsweresignificant.Interactionwasthemainsub-domainaffectingtheparents'QoLbutforsiblings,thiscouldnotbedetermined.Atotalof60%ofthepooledcommentswereclassifiedas‘concerns’.Asforthesuggestions,38.7%requestedsomeformofsupport,mainlyfinancial(41.7%).Conclusions:FamilieswithhearingimpairedchildrenwithCIhavenumerousconcernsthatneedtobeaddressed,eventhough,onaverage,theyweresatisfiedwiththeiroverallQoL.

简介：ObjectiveTostudylocalinflammatoryresponseafterimplantationofhydroxyapatitesyntheticossicularprosthesis.MethodsHydroxyapatitegranuleswereimplantedinthebullain32rats.Shamsurgicalprocedureswereperformedin10ratsasthecontrol.Animalsweresacrificedat1to300daysaftersurgery.Bullasections,stainedwithHEandMallory'sazan,wereexaminedfornumbersandpercentagesofvariousinflammatorycelltypes.ResultsSlightlymoreinflammatoryreactionwasseeninanimalswiththeimplantthaninthecontrols,mostlyduringtheearlystagefollowingtheimplantationprocedure.Fewinflammatorycellswereobservedatlatertimes.Thereweresatisfactoryfibrosisinbothimplantedandcontrolears.ConclusionTheresultsindicatethathydroxyapatitesyntheticprosthesisisabiocompatibleimplantationmaterialinthemiddleear.Nonetheless,thepresenceofinflammatoryreactionimmediatelyfollowingimplantationimpliesthatcontrolofinfectionisimportantintheearlytimesaftertheimplantationprocedure.

简介：Objective:Toreportcomplicationsrelatedtoflaparoundimplantsaftercochlearimplantation,possiblecausesofsuchcomplicationsandtreatments.Methodsandmaterial:Weperformedaretrospectiveanalysisofchildreninwhomcomplicationsrelatedtoflaparoundimplantsoccurredafterundergoingcochlearimplantationinourdepartmentfrom2005to2016.Results:Complicationsamong1500cochlearimplantation(CI)recipientsbythesamesurgeonincludedhematoma(n?20)andseromaaroundimplants(n?15),ofwhichmost(n?10)recoveredin2weeksaftereffectivedrainage,utilityofantibioticsandpressuredressing,but5developedflapnecrosisandhadtoundergocontralateralre-implantation.Fourpatientsdevelopedabscessaroundimplants,ofwhom2recoveredafter2weeksofdrainage,gentamicinirrigationanduseofantibiotics,but2patientsendedupwithflapnecrosisandhadtoreceivecontralateralreimplantation.Conclusions:Immediatedrainage,pressuredressingandantibioticscanbeusedtoeffectivelycontrolseromaaroundimplants.Forseromalastingformorethantwoweekswithoutimprovement,surgicaldrainagemaybeneed.

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简介：Anewconceptfordevelopmentofmetallicbiomaterialsisproposedinthisarticle,i.e.,acertainbio-functioncanberealizedforametalimplantthroughcontinuousreleaseofadesignedbio-functionalmetalelementfromsurfaceofthemetalimplantinthebodyenvironment.ThiscreativeideahasbeenverifiedtobepossiblebyseveraldifferentinvitroandinvivoexperimentalevidencesontheCu-bearingstainlesssteelsandmagnesiumbasedmetals.ItwasindicatedthatatraceamountofCureleasefromtheCu-bearingsteelscouldhaveobviousbio-functionsofreductionofthein-stentrestenosis(ISR),anti-bacterialinfection,inhibitingtheinflammatorycellsandevenpromotingtheearlyosteogenesis.Furthermore,thedegradationofmagnesiumbasedmetalsinbonescouldpromotethenewboneformation,enhancethebonemineraldensityfortheosteoporosismodeledanimal,andevenhavestronganti-bacterialabilityandstrongcytotoxicitytobonetumorcellsduetotheenhancementofpH.Specialbio-functionwithsatisfiedload-bearingcapacityformetallicbiomaterialswillbringhigherapplicationvaluesfortheimplantmadeofthisnovelmaterial.Thisisanattractivedirectionforresearchanddevelopmentwithmanychallenges,butthefinalsuccesswillbemuchbeneficialtothemajorityofpatients.

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简介：与优秀biomechanical相容性开发新钛合金是一个重要研究方向外科植入材料。现在的纸总结生物医学的钛合金的国际研究和开发。瞄准增加biomechanical相容性，它也介绍合金设计的探索和改进，机械处理，微观结构和阶段转变，并且以后最后为关于生物医学的钛合金的科学研究构画出方向。

简介：Inthisstudyalumbarspinalfusionanimalmodelisestablishedtoassesstheeffectofspinalfusioncage,andexploretheminimumarearatiooftitaniumcagesectiontovertebralsectionthatensuresbonehealingandbiomechanicalproperty.Lumbarcorpectomywasconductedbyposterolateralapproachwithtitaniumcageimplantationcombinedwithplatefixation.Titaniumcageswiththesamelengthbutdifferentdiameterswereused.Afterimplantationoftitaniumcages,theprogressofbonehealingwasobservedandthebonebiomechanicalpropertiesweremeasured,includingdeformationanddisplacementinaxialcompression,flexion,extension,andlateralbendingmotion.Thefactorsaffectingtheinvivogrowthofspinesupportingbodywereanalyzed.Theresultsshowthatthearearatiooftitaniumcagesectiontovertebralsectionshouldreach1/2toensurethebonehealing,sufficientboneintensityandbiomechanicalproperties.Somebonehealingindicators,suchasBMP,suggestthatthereisarelationshipbetweenthepeaktimeandthepeakvalueofboneformationandmetabolismmarkersandthebonehealingstrength.

简介：Bonemorphogeneticprotein(BMP)isanefficientbone-inducingproteinwhichmainlyexistsinbonematrix.TheimplantsofBovineBMP(bBMP)extractedfrombovinebonematrixcaninducedifferentiationofmesenchymalcellsofmicemusclein-tochondroandosteo-cytesandformnewbonefurther.Inordertoevaluateim-plantablebiomaterialthatpossessesnotonlyosteogenicability,butalsostengtn,

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简介：Three-dimensional-printed(3D-P)titaniumimplantsdisplaymanyadvantages,suchasdesignflexibility,higherefficiency,thecapabilitytoeasilyconstructcomplexorcustomizedstructures,etc.,andisbelievedtopotentiallyreplacetraditionalimplants.However,thebiologicalperformanceofthe3D-Ptitaniumsurfacehasnotbeeninvestigatedsystematically.Herein,weanalyzedthesurfacecharacteristicsof3D-PTi6AI4Vimplantsandevaluatedthebiologicalresponsesofbonemarrowderivedmesenchymalstromalcells(BMSCs)tothe3D-Psurfaceinvitro.Moreover,afterimplantationintotheratfemoralcondylefor3and6weeks,theosseointegrationperformaneewasevaluated.Theresultsshowedthe3D-PTi6Al4Vimplantpresenteddistinctfluctuantmacroscaleroughsurfaceandrelativelybetterhydrophilicitywhichenhancedtheadhesion,proliferation,osteogenicdifferentiationandangiogeneticfactorexpressionofBMSCs.Moreover,theinvivoosseointegrationperformancewasalsobetterthanthatofthecontrolgroupattheearlystage.Thepresentstudysuggestedthe3D-Ptitaniumalloyisapromisingcandidatetobeusedasimplantmaterial.

简介：来临三维(3-D)打印了技术在设定的多孔的钛(Ti)的制造提供大可能性植入。然而，打印Ti的bioinert性质提出一个突出的问题。混合微弧的氧化并且热水(MAO-HT)多孔的金属上的处理能生产multi-scaled层次矫形植入，为3-D的表面修正的出现大潜力打印了植入。在这研究，有毛孔的圆柱的多孔的Ti6Al4V(Ti64)脚手架640缩放吗？？