简介:棕色的planthopper,Nilaparvatalugens是在整个亚洲的栽培米饭的一个害虫并且用杀虫药剂或抵抗米饭变化被控制。这种开发了抵抗到杀虫药剂的许多班,遗传因子型开发了那对先前是剧毒的抵抗米饭栽培变种。昆虫使用detoxification酶的一间套房,包括保卫自己对的细胞色素P450s,谷胱甘肽S-transferases和carboxyl/cholinesterases种第二等的代谢物和杀虫剂。Roche454-FLX站台上的Pyrosequencing被用来生产补充存在Sanger的数据集定序的一个实质的表示顺序标签(EST)在GenBank的EST。一个总数78959读与37392公开地可得到的SangerEST被相结合;这些集合了进8911contigs和10620单条。分发的分析试验有为生物进程和分子的函数的基因本体论的唯一的基因(拖船)建议454并且SangerEST汇编N是广泛地代表性的。lugenstranscriptome。planthoppertranscriptome被发现包含编码P450s,九个编码谷胱甘肽S-transferases和这些的26编码carboxyl/cholinesterases和许多的31条拖船的褐通常认为地涉及xenobiotics的detoxification。AgilenteArray站台被用来构造为19000个unigene序列与探针占据的oligonucleotidemicroarray,包括知道编码detoxification酶的所有那些。在这研究开发的genomic资源将对学习这个庄稼害虫的社区有用并且将帮助阐明位于杀虫药剂抵抗和planthopper改编下面到抵抗米饭栽培变种的分子的机制。
简介:Brownplanthopper(BPH)isaninsectspeciesthatfeedsonthevascularsystemofriceplants.ToexaminethedefencemechanismofriceplantsagainstBPH,thepathogenesis-relatedgenes(PR1a,PR2,PR3,PR4,PR6,PR9,PR10a,PR13,PR15andPRpha),signalingmoleculesynthesisgenes(AOS,AXR,ACOandLOX),antioxidant-relatedgenes(CAT,TRX,GSTandSOD)andligninbiosynthesis-relatedgenes(CHS,CHIandC4H)wereinvestigatedinaresistantricevariety.AOS,PR6,PR9andPR15genesshowedsignificantlyincreasedrelativeexpressionlevelsat24.38-,19.17-,14.71-,and12.74-foldcomparedtothecontrol.Moderateincreasedrelativeexpressionlevelsofligninbiosynthesis-relatedgene(C4H),pathogenesis-relatedgenes(PR4,PR10aandPRpha),andantioxidant-relatedgene(GST)werefound,whileCHI,LOX,SOD,TRX1andAXRshoweddecreasedrelativeexpressionlevels.Itwasthusclearlyshownthatwound-inducedresponsegeneswereactivatedinriceplantsafterBPHattacksthroughAOSactivation.JasmonicacidsignalingmoleculemayactivatePR6,PR15,GSTandCATsubsequentlyincreasingtheirexpressionforH2O2detoxification.PR6wereexpressedatthehighestrelativelevelamongthePRgenes.ThesegenesthereforehavealsoaconsiderablesynergisticrolewiththeothergenesagainstBPHbyinterferedtheirdigestiontractsystem.
简介:Outof1989wildaccessionssowninseedboxesforscreening,only1003wildaccessionswithgoodgerminationwerescreenedagainstbrownplanthopper(BPH),Nilaparvatalugens(St?l)undergreenhouseconditions.Thecollectioncomprisedofaccessionsfrom11wildspeciesandAfricancultivatedrice.ThegermplasmwasscreenedforBPHfollowingstandardseedboxscreeningtechniqueinthegreenhouse.Asmanyas159accessionswereidentifiedasresistantduringtheyear2012basedononeyearscreening.AselectedsetofBPHresistantaccessionswerescreenedagainduring2013.Basedonthetwoyearsscreening,sevenaccessionsofO.nivara(AA),oneaccessionofO.officinalis(CC),sevenaccessionsofO.australiensis(EE),fiveaccessionsofO.punctata(BBandBBCC)andnineaccessionsofO.latifolia(CCDD)wereconfirmedtoberesistanttoBPH.SofarnoBPHresistancegeneshavebeenidentifiedanddesignatedfromO.nivaraandO.punctata,hencethesemayactasnewsourcesofresistance.
简介:Ininsects,thegustatorysystemplaysacrucialroleinmultiplephysiologicalbehaviors,includingfeeding,toxinavoidance,courtship,matingandoviposition.Gustatorystimulifromtheenvironmentarerecognizedbygustatoryreceptors.Todate,littleisknownaboutthefunctionofgustatoryreceptorsinagriculturalpestinsects.Inthisstudy,weclonedasugargustatoryreceptorgene,N/Gr11,fromthebrownplanthopper(BPH),Nilaparvatalugens(Stal),aseriouspestofriceinAsia;wethenidentifieditsligands,namely,fructose,galactoseandarabinose,bycalciumimagingassay.AfterinjectionofN/Gr11doublestrandedRNA,wefoundthatthenumberofeggslaidbyBPHdecreased.Moreover,wefoundthatN/Gr11inhibitedthephosphorylationofadenosinemonophosphate-activatedproteinkinase(AMPK)andpromotedthephosphorylationofproteinkinaseB(AKT).ThesefindingsdemonstratedthatN/Gr11couldacceleratethefecundityofBPHthroughAMPK-andAKT-mediatedsignalingpathways.Thisisthefirstreporttoindicatethatagustatoryreceptormodulatesthefecundityofinsectsandthatthereceptorcouldbeapotentialtargetforpestcontrol.
简介:有时,极端天气为由引起突然的人口倒塌或爆发的迁移的昆虫的人口幸存是重要的。几研究证明了米饭planthopper移植被台风显著地在东方亚洲影响。大多数台风发生在夏天,特别在8月。在8月,棕色的planthopperNilaparvatalugens(圣?l)向北方移居或向南方的取决于弯屈方向,并且因此,台风能潜在地影响它的迁居过程和人口分发。然而,这还没被学习了。这份报纸在N的夏天迁居上在台风Soudelor的效果上报导了案例研究。在在2015的东方中国的lugens。N的迁居小径。lugens被与辅助信息在长江山谷区域的八个县计算轨道和迁居事件在台风的影响下面为时期重建。轨道建模证明大多数候鸟在台风Soudelor的影响下面拿了短距离迁居(不到200km)。众多的N。lugens候鸟由于水平集中在8月9-13日在台风Soudelor的最后5天期间在台风的尾部被集中并且扔,并且这导致了一张爆发人口。这些结果显示了N。lugens人口被台风在夏天再分配并且在台风的尾部的人口动力学应该在靠近的监视下面被保留。这研究提供了卓见进适应大气的特征的迁移的有机体。
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简介:到杀虫药剂的危险性被从南部的Karnataka的不同地点收集棕色的planthopper的地人口调查,印度(Gangavati,Kathalagere,Kollegala,Soraba和Mandya)。所有地人口在他们的危险性不同到杀虫药剂。一般来说,Soraba和Mandya人口更产生与Gangavati和Kathalagere人口相比的杀虫药剂。抵抗比率在人口viz之中极大地变化了,chlorpyriphos(到16.82褶层的1.13-),imidacloprid(到13.50褶层的0.53-),acephate(到5.32褶层的1.34-),fipronil(到4.06褶层的1.13-),thiamethoxam(到2.19褶层的1.01-),clothianidin(到4.86褶层的1.92-),dinotefuran(到2.22褶层的0.82-),buprofezin(到5.43褶层的1.06-)和carbofuran(到2.17褶层的0.41-)。从Gangavati,Kathalagere和Kollegala的人口展出了更高的抵抗到一些旧杀虫药剂和低抵抗到新分子。
简介:提炼棕色的planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvatalugens圣?l,是米饭的最破坏的害虫之一,被证实了在胖身体怀有似酵母的symbiotes(YLS)。几词法上不同的YLS以前被孤立并且在从BPH的vitro有教养,却直接证据正在缺乏进一步澄清有教养的YLS是否从BPH。在这研究,YLS的一种在vitro是成功地有教养的并且同时验证了由顺序分析在BPH的胖身体存在并且嵌套聚合酶链反应(PCR)。有教养的YLS在vitro孤立根据18SrDNA(ribosomalDNA)和5.8S-ITS(内部抄录分隔符)作为类Candida的一个成员被识别rDNA顺序和它从酵母的序列的种系发生的分析。因此,这酵母孤立作为象Candida一样symbiotes被说出。象Candida一样symbiotes被发现在胖身体,卵巢和BPH的最新生的卵,然而并非在头,存在胸并且中间勇气。另外,在1а的象Candida一样symbiotes的数字
简介:对昆虫害虫的imidacloprid的普遍使用不仅增加了目标害虫抵抗的发展的率而且也在米饭植物和Nilaparvatalugens苏醒上导致了各种各样的否定效果。然而,在米饭的元素上的imidacloprid的效果种并且在米饭和N之间的这些元素变化的迁移。lugens糟糕当前被理解。现在的学习调查了Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn,Ca,K,Mg和Na的变化在跟随imidacloprid的米饭植物的内容在N的成年女性的叶的水花。从在对待的植物和蜜露上喂的美女发展的lugens由女性生产了。结果显示了叶的水花显著地增加了的那imidacloprid在叶鞘的Fe和K内容。通常,在叶片的Fe,Mn,K和Na内容显著地在叶片被减少,但是Ca满足因为10和30个mg/kgimidacloprid处理显著地被增加。除了在成年女性和蜜露的K和Mg的大多数元素的内容显著地被提高。Multivariate统计分析在叶片和Fe显示出那Fe,Mn和Na,在叶鞘的Mn能按比例被转移到N。lugens。在在成年女身体并且在蜜露的大多数元素之间的关系显示出一个积极关联系数。在在米饭植物和N的一些元素的内容有重要差别。从不同区域的lugens。
简介:Apopulationofricebrownplanthopper(BPH)NilaparvatalugenscollectedfromapaddyfieldinHangzhouwassuccessivelyrearedonsusceptiblericeTaichungNative1(TN1)inalaboratoryfreefrominsecticidesformorethan14generations.Thechangesinsusceptibilitytoinsecticidesandecologicalfitnessondifferentresistantricevarietiesweremonitoredineachgeneration.Theresistanceratiotoimidaclopridsharplydeclinedwiththesuccessionofrearinggenerationswithoutinsecticidesfrom359.94-foldatF1to6.50-foldatF14comparedwiththesusceptiblestrain,andtheresistanceratiotochlorpyrifoswasfrom9.90-foldatF1to5.94-foldatF14.Nymphaldurationandweightsofnewlyhatchedfemaleadultsweresignificantlyaffectedbyricevariety,generationandtheirinteractions,butnymphalsurvivalwassignificantlyaffectedbythegenerationonly.Theratioofbrachypterousadultsinmaleswasaffectedbythegenerationandgeneration×varietyinteraction,whereasnodifferencewasfoundinfemales.Nymphaldurationextendedwithincreasinggenerations,andthefemalenymphaldurationwasshorterinthesusceptiblevarietyTN1thanthoseintheresistantvarietiesIR26andIR36.Inaddition,thefemaleadultweightinTN1washigherthanthoseinIR26andIR36.TheseresultsindicatedthattheresistanceoffieldBPHpopulationtoinsecticideswasreversedafterseveralgenerationsofno-exposuretoinsecticides,andtheecologicalfitnessinTN1washigherthanthoseinIR26andIR36.ThesefindingssuggestedtherationalandreduceduseofinsecticidesincombinationwiththemanipulationofresistantricevarietieswouldbeeffectiveforBPHmanagement.
简介:棕色的planthopperNilaparvatalugensStål(Homoptera:Delphacidae)由在米饭上并且也喂的罐头原因hopperburn能播送草多的绝技疾病。抵抗米饭变化被开发了,但是几N。lugens紧张能恢复他们的毒力到这些抵抗米饭变化。在现在的学习,在N与稳定的表达式层次引用基因。lugens人口显示出毒力的不同层次到易受影响、抵抗的米饭变化。在N的六候选人参考基因的表示。在易受影响、抵抗的米饭变化上喂的lugens被分析。这些基因在微分基因表示的分析为他们的潜在的使用被评估。聚合酶链反应数据从N被产生。lugens,包括二个不同处理(抵抗或易受影响的米饭)和三剧毒的N。lugens人口。三个软件程序(BestKeeper,Normfinder和geNorm)被用来估计候选人引用基因。geNorm和Normfinder作为最稳定的参考基因识别了基因18S,-ACT,澡盆和澡盆。而18S和澡盆分别地是第二和第三最稳定地表示的基因,BestKeeper与最少的全面变化作为最佳的参考基因识别了ETIF1。因此,我们断定基因18S和澡盆是在N的最合适的参考基因。lugens。这些结果将便于在N上介绍研究的未来抄本。在不同米饭变化上在毒力层次显示出变化的lugens人口。
简介:Themechanismsofmagnetoreceptionhavebeenproposedasthemagnetitebased,thechemicalradical-pairandbiocompassmodel,inwhichmagnetiteparticles,thecryptochrome(Cry)oriron-sulfurclusterassembly1(IscA1)maybeinvolved.However,littleisknownabouttheassociationamongthemolecules.HereweinvestigatedthemolecularcharacterizationandthemRNAexpressionofIscA1indifferentdevelopmentalstages,tissuesandmagneticfieldsinthemigratorybrownplanthopper(BPH),Nilaparvatalugens.NlIscA1containsanopenreadingframeof390bp,encodingaminoacidsof129,withthepredictedmolecularweightof14.0kDaandtheisoelectricpointof9.10.Well-conservedFe-Sclusterbindingsiteswereobservedinthepredictedprotein.PhylogeneticanalysisdemonstratedNlIscA1tobeclusteredintotheinsect'sIscA1.NlIscA1showedup-regulatedmRNAexpressionduringtheperiodofmigration.ThemRNAexpressionofNlIscA1couldbedetectedinallthethreetissuesofhead,thoraxandabdomen,withthehighestexpressionlevelintheabdomen.ForthemacropterousmigratoryNilaparvatalugens,mRNAexpressionofNlIscA1andN.lugenscryptochromel(Nlcry1)wereup-regulatedunderthemagneticfieldsof5Gaussand10Gaussinstrength(vs.localgeomagneticfield),whileN.lugenscryptochrome2(Nlcry2)remainedstable.Forthebrachyterousnon-migratoryNilaparvatalugens,nosignificantchangeswerefoundinmRNAexpressionofNlIscA1,Nlcry1andNlcry2amongdifferentmagneticfields.ThesefindingspreliminarilyrevealthattheexpressionofNlIscA1andNlcry1exhibitedcoordinatedresponsestothemagneticfield.Itsuggestssomepotentialassociationsamongtheputativemagneto-sensitivemoleculesofcryptochromeandiron-sulfurclusterassembly.