简介：

简介：Receptor-ligandinteractionsinbloodflowarecrucialtoinitiatesuchbiologicalprocessesasinflammatorycascade,plateletthrombosis,aswellastumormetastasis.Tomediatecelladhesion,theinteractingreceptorsandligandsmustbeanchoredontotwoapposingsurfacesoftwocellsoracellandasubstratum,i.e.,two-dimensional(2D)binding,whichisdifferentfromthebindingofasolubleligandinfluidphasetoareceptor,i.e.,three-dimensional(3D)binding.Whilenumerousworkshavebeenfocusedon3Dkineticsofreceptor-ligandinteractionsintheimmunesystem,2Dkineticsanditsregulationshavebeenlessunderstood,sincenotheoreticalframeworkorexperimentalassayswereestablisheduntil1993.Notonlydoesthemolecularstructuredominate2Dbindingkinetics,buttheshearforceinbloodflowalsoregulatescelladhesionmediatedbyinteractingreceptorsandligands.Here,weprovideanoverviewofcurrentprogressin2Dbindingandregulations,mainlyfromourgroup.Relevantissuesoftheoreticalframeworks,experimentalmeasurements,kineticratesandbindingaffinities,andforceregulationsarediscussed.

简介：在血流动的Receptor-ligand相互作用是关键的作为煽动性的串联，血小板血栓，以及肿瘤转移开始生物过程。为了调停，房间粘附，交往的受体和ligands必须被抛锚到二个房间或一个房间和一个基础的二apposing表面上，即，二维(2D)绑定，与在到受体的液体阶段的可溶的ligand的绑定不同，三维(3D)有约束力。当众多的工作在免疫系统集中于receptor-ligand相互作用的3D动力学时，2D动力学和它的规定少些被理解，自从没有理论框架和试验性的试金被建立了直到1993。不仅分子的结构统治在血流动的力量也调整的2D绑定动力学，而是shear房间粘附由交往的受体和ligands调停了。这里，我们在2D绑定和规定提供了当前的进步的概述。理论框架，试验性的大小，运动的率和有约束力的亲密关系的相关问题，和力量规定，被讨论。

简介：BandTlymphocyteattenuator(BTLA),identifiedasanimmuneinhibitoryreceptorrecently,playswidespreadrolesonTandBcells.EmergingevidencehasgeneratedplentifulinformationonthemechanismswhichBTLAmediatesnegativeregulationinimmuneresponsesandinvolvesinavarietyofphysiologicalandpathologicalprocesses.TheexplorationofthebiologicalmechanismsandregulationofBTLAwillopenpossibilitiesonnoveltherapeuticstrategiesinimmune-relateddiseases.

简介：ObjectivesToinvestigatetheassociationofsolubleFasligand(sFasL)andsolubleFasreceptor(sFas)withhumanchroniccongestiveheartfailure(CHF).MethodsTheserumlevelofsFasLandsFasin33patientswithCHF(13incardiacfunctionclassⅡ,17inclassⅢ,3inclassⅣ,NYHA)wasassessedwithenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay,andwascomparedwiththatof18age-,bloodpressure-matchedpatientswithcardiacfunctionclassⅠ(NYHA).ResultsTherewasnodifferenceinthelevelofsFasLbetweenthetwogroups[CHFgroup:231.50+/-84.50(cardiacfunctionclassⅡ216.50+/-96.00,classⅢ226.80+/-85.70,classⅣ244.00+/-73.00)vs.cardiacfunctionclassIgroup:217.50+/-89.00pg/mL,P>0.05].However,thelevelofsFaswassignificantlyhigherinthepatientswithCHFthanthoseofcardiacfunctionclassIgroup[CHFgroup:1353.30+/-507.71(cardiacfunctionclassⅡ1154.85+/-371.20,classⅢ1412.88+/-493.62,classⅣ1875.67+/-806.

简介：AnewcoexistingamphibolepairwasrecentlyfoundintheJianshanirondeposit,LoufanofShanxiProvince,China,ElectronmicroprobeanalysisshowsthatthecoexistingpairiscomposedofgrueneriteK0k.001(Na0.027Ca0.073Mn0.031Fe1.801^2+)1.932(Fe2.948^2+Mg1.964Ti0.002Al0.087)5Si8.069O22.10(OH)2andferropargasite(K0.135Na0.461)0.596(Na0.088Ca1.853Mn0.005Fe0.072^2+)2(Mn0.005Fe2.789^2+Mg0.875Ni0.021Fe0.499^3+Al0.812)5(Si6.103Al1.897)8O22.00(OH)2.Thetwokindsofamphibolesoccurinamphiboleschistnotonlyasseparatephenocrysts,butalsoarecombinedtoform"single-crystal"phenocrystsintheformoftopotacticintergrowthswiththecommonc-andb-axes.Theboundarybetweentopotacticgrueneriteandferropargasiteisopticallyandchemicallysharp.Incomparisonwiththecoexistingferromagnesianamphibloeandcalcicamphibolepairdiscoveredbypredecessors,thenewlydiscoveredpairhaslowerMg/Feratiosandwidermiscibilitygaps.

简介：pair表示“一对;一双”。由两个部分组成的某物表示数量时常用apairof…来表示“一双……;一副……;一对……”等。例如:

简介：假设S是R的几乎优秀的延期。用函子HomR(S,−)并且—⊗RS，我们证实在模块德·徐·藻的班之间的一些连接发电子邮件：dxzhou@fjnu.edu.cn全文预览(小，大)[2]。Salce，L.：为可换群的Cotorsion理论。会议数学，23，1132(1979)[3]。Trlifaj，J.：无限的维的倾斜模块和Cotorsion对在倾斜理论的手册，伦敦数学。Soc。讲课笔记重量的单位，332，剑桥大学出版社，剑桥，279321，2007[4]。普通及格学生，D.S.：组的代数学结构响，WileyInterscience，纽约，1977[5]。Resco，R.：有限使正常化的延期的激进分子。Comm。代数学，9，713725(1981)[6]。薛，W.：在几乎优秀的延期上。代数学Colloq，3，125134(1996)[7]。Bonami，L.：在斜组戒指的结构上，代数学Berichte48，弗拉格·雷恩哈德·费歇尔，明兴，(1984[8]。薛，W.：在介绍模块和几乎优秀延期上。Comm。代数学，27，10911102(1999)[9]。周，D.：直角的尺寸和戒指延期。Comm。代数学，34，16311650(2006)[10]。朱，X.：扭转理论延期和有限使\/正常化延期。J。纯Appl。代数学，176，259273(2002)[11]。周，D.，Tong，W.：在n-™-injective信封和n-™-projective封面上。Comm。代数学，30，36293651(2002)[12]。薛，W.：与quasi-Frobenius戒指有关响。代数学Colloq，5，471480(1998)[13]。安德森，F.W.，福勒，K.R.：模块的戒指和范畴，第二个版本，Spring-Verlag，纽约，(1992[14]。钟声，N.，陈，J.：相对连贯和preenvelopes。Manuscripta数学，81，243262(1993)[15]。Enochs，E.：Injective和扁平的封面，信封和溶剂。以色列J。数学，39，189209(1981)[16]。薛，W.：在优秀延期的归纳上。Acta数学。越南，19，3138(1994)[17]。薛，W.，周，D.：在™-injectiv

简介：AbstractBackground:Macrophages play an important role in renal ischemia reperfusion injury, but the functional changes of macrophages under hypoxia/reoxygenation and the related mechanism are unclear and need to be further clarified.Methods:The effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation on functional characteristics of RAW264.7 macrophages were analyzed through the protein expression detection of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and CD80, anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206. The functional implications of C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1) down-regulation in hypoxic macrophages were explored using small interfering RNA technology. Significance was assessed by the parametric t-test or nonparametric Mann-Whitney test for two group comparisons, and a one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple group comparisons.Results:Hypoxia/reoxygenation significantly increased the protein expression of M1-related pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, CD80 and chemokine C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1)/CX3CR1 and inhibited the protein expression of M2-related anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206 in a time-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells. However, the silencing of CX3CR1 in RAW264.7 cells using specific CX3CR1-siRNA, significantly attenuated the increase in protein expression of TNF-α (P < 0.05) and CD80 (P < 0.01) and the inhibition of ARG-1 (P < 0.01) and CD206 (P < 0.01) induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. In addition, we also found that hypoxia/reoxygenation could significantly enhance the migration (2.2-fold, P < 0.01) and adhesion capacity (1.5-fold, P < 0.01) of RAW264.7 macrophages compared with the control group, and CX3CR1-siRNA had an inhibitory role (40% and 20% reduction, respectively). For elucidating the mechanism, we showed that the phosphorylation levels of ERK (P < 0.01) and the p65 subunit of NF-κB (P < 0.01) of the RAW264.7 cells in the hypoxic/reoxygenation group were significantly increased, which could be attenuated by down-regulation of CX3CR1 expression (P < 0.01, both). ERK inhibitors also significantly blocked the effects of hypoxic/reoxygenation on the protein expression of M1-related pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, CD80 and M2-related anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206. Moreover, we found that conditioned medium from polarized M1 macrophages induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation, notably increased the degree of apoptosis of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced TCMK-1 cells, and promoted the protein expression of pro-apoptotic proteins bax (P < 0.01) and cleaved-caspase 3 (P < 0.01) and inhibited the expression of anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 (P < 0.01), but silencing CX3CR1 in macrophages had a protective role. Finally, we also found that the secretion of soluble CX3CL1 in RAW264.7 macrophages under hypoxia/reoxygenation was significantly increased.Conclusions:The findings suggest that hypoxia/reoxygenation could promote M1 polarization, cell migration, and adhesion of macrophages, and that polarized macrophages induce further apoptosis of hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway.

简介：Themonoclonalantibodyagainstbovinerotavirus(BRV)receptor(BRV-R-mAb)wasusedtoexplorethesimilaritybetweenthereceptorsofBRVandhumanrotavirus(HRV).ELISA,dotimmunobindingassay,cellprotectionassay,solid-phaseassayandimmunohistochemistrymethodwereapplied.BRV-R-mAbboundbothanti-BRVIgGandanti-HRVIgGrespectivelyandcouldprotectMA104cellsagainstBRVandHRVchallenges.Immunohistochemistrytestshowedthattherewererotavirusreceptorsonthesurfacesoffoetalintestinal,trachealmucosaandMA104cellsmembrane.WepurifiedtherotavirusreceptorsonMA104ceils,whichcouldbindbothBRVandHRVinvitro.ItisconcludedthatBRVreceptorandHRVreceptorarehomogenousproteinsandcanberecognizedbybothBRVandHRV.

简介：<正>Fasligand(FasL)wasfirstdescribedfunctionallyasaninduciblecellsurfacemoleculeusedbycytotoxicTcellstoinduceapoptoticcelldeathintumorcellsandactivatedlymphocytes.WiththeidentificationofFasastheIprgeneproduct,FasLbecamerecognizedasamoleculeinvolvedindown-regulationoftheimmunesystem.WhileFasLcanbeusedtoefficientlykillFas-expressingtumorcellsaswellasactivatedTandBlymphocytesinvitro,attemptstouseFasLtherapeuticallytotreatcancerortopreventtransplant

简介：Inthispaper,theperfectdyadicbinarysequencepairwithone-valuedyadiccorrelationfunctionsispresented.Thatis,theperfectdyadicbinarysequencepairisaperfectdiscretesignal,foritsdyadicrelativefunctionisδ-function.Thetransformationfeaturesandsomeexistingadmissibilityconditionsofperfectdyadicbinarysequencepairarediscussed,andthepropertiesforthiskindofcodeinWalshtransformationspectrumandweightspectrumarealsoanalyzed.Fromabove,Itisfoundthattheperfectdyadicbinarysequencepaircaneasilydifferentiatefromitsdyadicshifting.Sothesegoodsignalscanusedinengineeringassynchronizationcode,multi-usercodeandsoon.

简介：象在1975一样早，Shamos和Hoey首先给了O(nlgn)-timedivide-and-conquer算法(嘘算法在短)为发现点的最靠近的对的问题。在联合的一个过程，在一些点需要被计算的3n之间的欧几里得距离，计算距离的全面复杂性当时因此是3nlgn。因为距离的计算与另外的基本操作相比是更昂贵的，怎么嘘改善从计算距离的复杂性的方面的算法被考虑。在1998，周，熊和朱由把这复杂性归结为2nlgn改进了SHalgorithm。在这篇论文，我们做进一步的改进。计算距离的Theoverall复杂性被归结为(3nlgn)/2，它仅仅是一半SHalgorithm的。

简介：LetKbearight-continuousandnondecreasingfunction.AfunctionfanalyticintheunitdiskDbelongstothespaceDKifD|f(z)|2K(1-|z|2)dA(z)<∞.DecompositiontheoremsforDKspacesareestablishedinthispaper.Asanapplication,weobtainacharacterizationofinterpolationbyfunctionsinDKspaces.Furthermore,wecharacterizefunctionsinDKspacesbyconjugatepairs.

简介：HydrophilicligandexchangecomplexeswithdifferentchemicalenvironmentinchiralcavitywerepreparedandusedasstationaryphasesofHPLCtoresolveDL-aminoacids.Themechanismandmodelsofresolutionwerestudied.

简介：2013年10月12—13日中国生理学会张锡钧基金会第十二届全国青年优秀生理学学术论文交流会在湖南长沙顺利召开。由各省生理学会推荐的37名参赛选手的论文参与评选，会议展示了选手们近3年来在生理学研究方面所取得的最新研究成果。经过专家对参评者论文和现场报告的综合评判，评出一等奖、二等奖、三等奖、特别奖、最佳表达奖、最佳答辩奖和最佳图标奖共11名。从2013年第6期开始，《生理通讯》将陆续转载获奖者的参评论文各一篇，以飨读者。

简介：ThispaperdiscussesproblemIEP:Givenn×mmatrixXandm×mdiagonalmatrixA,findann×nmatrixAsuchthatAX=XA.ThenewsolvablilyconditionsfortheproblemIEPareobtained.TheeigenvaluedislribulaionofthesolutionsfortheproblemIEParedescribedindetail.

简介：强壮的苏(2)计量器chromoelectric领域里的费米子粒子对生产以一个古典方法用Boltzmann-Vlasov方程被学习。在古典描述的一个preproduction过程的存在用non-Abelian粒子生产的分发进化被显示出。发现粒子数字密度的分发在二个岛上被集中并且当它演变，在颜色费用范围上显示出一个裂口有趣，最终到达与这个领域的振幅和变化有关的一个稳定的状态。

简介：Themetal-organicchemicalvapordeposition(MOCVD)techniqueisapromisingprocessforhigh-temperaturesuperconductorYBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)preparation.Inthistechnique,itisachallengetoobtainbariumprecursorswithhighvolatility.Inaddition,thepurity,evaporationcharacteristicsandthermostabilityofadoptedprecursorsinthewholeprocesswoulddecidethequalityandreproducibleresultsofYBCOfilm.Inthepresentreport,thebariumprecursorcontaining2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate...

简介：　　（1）考查学生对会话活动的兴趣,（3）有54%的学生喜欢与外向性格的同学一组会话,笔者将如何解决低水平学生的搭配与如何解决活动设计问题