简介：摘要在Low-E玻璃使用过程中，由于工程技术人员对其类别、特性、功能、生产方式、辩别方式等知识了解不够全面或者不了解，在材料采购、施工、监理等工作中很难分辩识别，本文对Low-E玻璃的特点、类别及区别、鉴别方法进行阐述

简介：Adistinctivepatternofovipositionlesionsoccursonaginkgoaleanseed,Yimaiacapituliformis,whichlikelywasinflictedbyakalligrammatidlacewingwithalong,sword-like,plant-piercingovipositor.Thisnewlyrecordedovipositiontype,DT272,occursinthe165million-year-oldJiulongshanFormation,ofMiddleJurassicage,inNortheasternChina.DT272consistsfromthreetoseven,approximatelyequallyspacedlesionswithsurroundingcallustissue,thefabricatorofwhichtargetedfleshyouterandinnertissuesofaginkgophytefruit.Thisdistinctivedamagealsoisknownfromthefleshyattachmentpadsurfacesofbasalbennettitaleanbracts.Examinationofthelifehistoryofthisprobableginkgoalean-kalligrammatidovipositioninteractionindicatesthatthespacingoftheeggsinsubstratetissuesdisfavoredinter-larvalcontact,butlittlecartbesaidofdefenseandcounterdefensestrategiesbetweentheplanthostandthenewlyhatchedimrnatures.

简介：话题呈现假设你校英语论坛正在针对“中学生是否应该做兼职”这个话题进行讨论,请根据下面的提示写一个帖子发表在该论坛上。要求:1.词数80~100。2.文中不能出现自己真实的姓名和所在学校的名称。

简介：Coherentstructuresareessentialforthemomentumexchangeandturbulenceproductioninwall-boundedturbulentflows.Diversifiedcoherentstructureshavebeenobservedinturbulentboundarylayers,andhairpin-basedvorticesdominatemostoftherelevantliterature.However,thereisnoconsensusyetontheoriginandformingmechanismofhairpinvortices.Herein,fivecornerstonespertainingtotheframeworkofhairpin-basedcoherentstructuresarereviewed,andthreedifferenthairpingenerationmechanismsareclarified.Next,thetime-resolvedtomographicparticleimagevelocimetry(Tomo-PIV)isusedinanearlyturbulentboundarylayer(Reθ=420)toinvestigatetheoriginofhairpinvortices.Thetimelinesrevealatriangularbulgeinthelow-speedstreak(LSS),andtheinitialroll-upoccursattwosidesofit.Meanwhile,thematerialsurfacesmanifestasathree-dimensional(3D)wavestructureintheLSS,whichmaysupportthemodelofasoliton-likecoherentstructure(SCS).Subsequently,themethodofLagrangian-averagedvorticitydeviationisusedtodetectearlyvortices.Wefindthatthe3Dwavestructureisflankedbytwovortices,thusconfirmingtheroll-upoftimelinesanddemonstratingtheadvantageoftheLagrangiancriteriaincapturingstructuresincomplexflows.Theseresultssuggestthatvariouscoherentstructuresmayevolvefromthemetamorphosisof3Dwavestructuresandtheirlaterinteraction.Finally,thelimitationsoftraditionalexperimentalandpost-processingtoolsarediscussed.

简介：SinteredmulliteispreparedbykyanitepowderwithAl2O3contentof45%and50%(Yinshan,NanyangCity,China),andtheindustrialaluminaisaddedtocontrolthechemicalcomposition.ThedifferentseriesofsinteredmulliteaccordingtotheAl2O3content(45%-70%)aredesigned.Therawmaterialsaremixedandcompacted,andthensinteredatdifferenttemperatures.Physicalproperties,phasecomposition,microstructureandrefractorinessunderloadofthesynthesizedsamplesarecharacterizedbyphysicalpropertytest,XRD,SEMandRULtest,inordertoconfirmthequalityofsinteringandtherelationshipbetweentemperatureandmullitizationreaction.Theresultsshowthatthesinteredmullitefromlow-mediumgradekyanitehaswelldevelopedmullitecrystalsandacontinuousstaggerednetworkstructureisformed,whichhasasignificantcontributiontoincreasingthehightemperatureperformanceofmullite.

简介：Low-frequencychorusemissionshaverecentlyattractedmuchattentionduetothesuggestionthattheymayplayimportantrolesinthedynamicsoftheVanAllenBelts.However,themechanism(s)generatingtheselow-frequencychorusemissionshavenotbeenwellunderstood.Inthisletter,wereportaninterestingcaseinwhichbackgroundplasmadensityloweredthelowercutofffrequencyofchorusemissionsfromabove0.1fce(typicalordinarychorus)to0.02fce(extremelylow-frequencychorus).Thoseextremelylow-frequencychoruswaveswereobservedinaratherdenseplasma,wherethenumberdensityNewasfoundtobeseveraltimeslargerthanhasbeenassociatedwithobservationsofordinarychoruswaves.Forsuprathermalelectronswhosefreeenergyissuppliedbyanisotropictemperatures,lineargrowthrates(calculatedusingin-situplasmaparametersmeasuredbytheVanAllenProbes)showthatwhistlermodeinstabilitycanoccuratfrequenciesbelow0.1fcewhenthebackgroundplasmadensityNeincreases.EspeciallywhenNereaches90cm^-3ormore,thelowestunstablefrequencycanextendto0.02fceorevenless,whichisconsistentwithsatelliteobservations.Therefore,ourresultsdemonstratethatadensebackgroundplasmacouldplayanessentialroleintheexcitationofextremelylowfrequencychoruswavesbycontrollingthewavegrowthrates.

简介：Usingfoursatellitedatasets(TOMS/SBUV,OMI,MLS,andHALOE),weanalyzetheseasonalvariationsofthetotalcolumnozone(TCO)anditszonaldeviation(TCO*),andrevealtheverticalstructureoftheOzoneLow(OV)overtheAsiancontinent.Ourprincipalfindingsare:(1)TheTCOovertheAsiancontinentreachesitsmaximuminthespringanditsminimumintheautumn.TheOzoneLowexistsfromMaytoSeptember.(2)TheOzoneLowhastwonegativecores,locatedinthelowerandtheupperstratosphere.Thelowercoreisnear30hPainthewinterand70hPaintheotherseasons.Theuppercorevariesfrom10hPato1hPaamongthefourseasons.(3)ThepositionoftheOzoneLowinthelowerandtheupperstratosphereovertheAsiancontinentshowsseasonalvariability.

简介：InGaAs/InPavalanchephotodiodestypicallyworkinthegatedGeigermodetoachievenear-infraredsinglephotondetection.Byusingultrashortgatesandcombiningwiththerobustspike-cancelingtechniquethatconsistsofthecapacitance-balancingandlow-passfilteringtechnique,wedemonstrateanInGaAs/InPsingle-photondetector(SPD)withwidelytunablerepetitionratesinthispaper.Theoperationfrequencycouldbetunedconvenientlyfrom100MHzto1.25GHzwiththeSPD’sperformancemeasuredtomaintaingoodperformance,makingitquitesuitableforquantumkeydistribution,laserranging,andopticaltimedomainreflectometry.Furthermore,theSPDexhibitedextremelylow-noisecharacteristics.ThedetectionefficiencyofthisSPDcouldreach20%withthedarkcountrateof2.5×10-6∕gateandafter-pulseprobabilityof4.1%at1GHz.

简介：Here,wereportthesynthesisofhardcarbonmaterials(RH)madefromnaturalricehuskthroughasinglepyrolysisprocessandtheirapplicationasananodeinsodium-ionbatteries.ThestudiesshowthattheelectrochemicalpropertiesofRHsareaffectedbythetreatmenttemperatures,whichdeterminethematerialsmorphology,inparticular,theirdegreeofgraphitizationandextentofcontinuouschannels(nanovoids).Thelatterareaccessibletosodiumionsandsignificantlycontributetochargestoragecapacityoftheproducedanodes.TheRHsobtainedat1600°Cdeliverthehighestreversiblecapacityof276mAhg-1mainlyduetoinsertionofsodiumionsintothenanovoids.Thisworkdeepensthebasicunderstandingoftheinfluenceofthecarbonizationtemperatureonthesodiumstoragemechanism.

简介：Observationsofaquasi-90-dayoscillationinthemesosphereandlowerthermosphere(MLT)regionfromApril2011toDecember2014arepresentedinthisstudy.Thereisclearevidenceofaquasi-90-dayoscillationintemperaturesobtainedfromtheKunmingmeteorradar(25.6°N,103.8°E)andSoundingoftheAtmosphereusingBroadbandEmissionRadiometry(SABER),aswellasinwindobservedbytheKunmingmeteorradar.Thequasi-90-dayoscillationappearstobeaprominentfeatureinthetemperaturesandmeridionalwindtidesandpresentsquiteregularcyclesthatoccurapproximatelytwiceperyear.Theamplitudesandphasesofthequasi-90-dayoscillationintheSABERtemperatureshowafeaturesimilartothatofupward-propagateddiurnaltides,whichhaveaverticalwavelengthof~20kmabove70km.Intheloweratmosphere,asimilar90-dayvariabilityispresentedinthesurfacelatentheatfluxandcorrelateswiththetemperatureintheMLTregion.Similartothequasi-90-dayoscillationintemperature,a90-dayvariabilityofozone(O3)isalsopresentintheMLTregionandisconsideredtobedrivenbyasimilarvariabilityintheupwardly-propagateddiurnaltidesgeneratedintheloweratmosphere.Moreover,the90-dayvariabilityintheabsorptionofultraviolet(UV)radiationbydaytimeO3intheMLTregionisaninsitusourceofthequasi-90-dayoscillationintheMLTtemperature.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheChineseversionoftheLowVisionQualityofLifeQuestionnaire(CLVQOL)asaninstrumentforobtainingclinicallyimportantchangesaftercataractsurgery.METHODS:PatientsunderwentcataractsurgeryinShanghaiGeneralHospital,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,whofittheinclusioncriteriawererecruited.TwoCLVQOLswereadministered,includingapreoperativeCLVQOLandaCLVQOLattheendofthe3mofollow-upperiod,andwerecompletedusingface-to-faceinterviewsorphoneinterviewsconductedbytrainedinvestigators.Theminimalclinicallyimportantdifference(MCID)wascalculatedusingananchor-basedmethodandadistributionmethod.Inaddition,theresponsivenessofthequestionnairewasmeasured.RESULTS:Atotalof155residentswereenrolled.Theaveragevisualacuity(VA)preoperativelywas0.08(SD=0.05),anditincreasedto0.47(SD=0.28)attheendoffollowup.StatisticallysignificantpositivechangesintheCLVQOLscoresindicatedsignificantimprovementofvisionrelatedqualityoflifeaftercataractsurgery.Withthelargervaluebetweenthetworesultsasthefinalvalue,theMCIDvaluesoftheCLVQOL(scoresofthefourscalesaswellasthetotalscore)were8.94,2.61,4.34,3.10and17.63,respectively.TheCLVQOLhasbothgoodinternalandexternalresponsiveness.CONCLUSION:CLVQOLscoresareappropriateinstrumentsforobtainingclinicallyimportantchangesaftercataractsurgery.Thisstudyisaneffectiveexplorationforestablishingcataractsurgeryefficacystandards,whichhelpsclinicalandscientificresearchworkersinophthalmologytogainamorein-depthunderstandingwhenusingCLVQOL.

简介：Wedevelopahybridoptofluidicmicrocavitybyplacingamicrospherewithadiameterrangingfrom1to4μminliquid-filledplano-planoFabry–Perot(FP)cavities,whichcanprovideanextremelyloweffectivemodevolumedownto0.3–5.1μm^3whilemaintainingahighQ-factorupto1×10^4–5×10^4andafinesseof~2000.Comparedtothepureplano-planoFPcavitiesthatareknowntosufferfromthelackofmodeconfinement,diffraction,andgeometricalwalk-offlossesaswellasbeinghighlysusceptibletomirrormisalignment,ourmicrosphere-integratedFP(MIFP)cavitiesshowstrongopticalconfinementinthelateraldirectionwithatightmoderadiusofonly0.4–0.9μmandhightolerancetomirrormisalignmentaslargeas2°.Withthemicrosphereservingasawaveguide,theMIFPisadvantageousoverafiber-sandwichedFPcavityduetotheopen-cavitydesignforanalytes/liquidstointeractstronglywiththeresonantmode,theeaseofassembly,andthepossibilitytoreplacethemicrosphere.Inthiswork,themaincharacteristicsoftheMIFP,includingQ-factor,finesse,effectivemoderadiusandvolume,andtheirdependenceonthesurroundingmedium’srefractiveindex,mirrorspacing,microspherepositioninsidetheFPcavity,andmirrormisalignment,aresystematicallyinvestigatedusingafinite-elementmethod.Then,byinsertingdye-dopedpolystyrenemicrospheresofvarioussizesintotheFPcavityfilledwithwater,weexperimentallyrealizesingle-modeMIFPoptofluidiclasersthathavealasingthresholdaslowasafewmicrojoulespersquaremillimeterandalasingspotradiusofonly~0.5μm.OurresultssuggestthattheMIFPcavitiesprovideapromisingtechnologyplatformfornovelphotonicdevicesandbiological/chemicaldetectionwithultra-smalldetectionvolumes.

简介：Wedemonstratelow-losshydrogenatedamorphoussilicon(a-Si:H)waveguidesbyhot-wirechemicalvapordeposition(HWCVD).Theeffectofhydrogenationina-SiatdifferentdepositiontemperatureshasbeeninvestigatedandanalyzedbyRamanspectroscopy.Weobtainedanopticalqualitya-Si:Hwaveguidedepositedat230°CthathasastrongRamanpeakshiftat480cm-1,peakwidth(fullwidthathalf-maximum)of68.9cm-1,andbondangledeviationof8.98°.Opticaltransmissionmeasurementshowsalowpropagationlossof0.8dB/cmatthe1550nmwavelength,whichisthefirst,toourknowledge,reportforaHWCVDa-Si:Hwaveguide.

简介：TheApollobutterfly,Parnassiusapollo(Linnaeus),wascommoninEuropeover100yearsago,butcurrentlyitisconsideredasnearthreatened.Differentconservationprogramshavepromotedthepersistenceofthisspecies;however,itisstillendangered.AnexampleofsuchprogramswastheactiondevotedtoreestablishtheApollobutterflypopulationinPieninyNationalPark(Poland)fromonly20-30individualswhichhadsurvivedtillthelastdecadeofthe20thcentury.Thisreintroductionhasbeensuccessful;however,unexpecteddevelopmentalproblemsappeared.Butterflieswithdeformedorreducedwingsbecamefrequentinthepopulationlivinginthenaturalhabitat,andparticularlyamongthoserearedunderseminaturalconditions(inthesameenvironment,butfencedbyanet).Untilrecently,reasonsforthesemalformationsremainedunknown.However,reportspublishedduringlastmonthsindicatedthattherearegenetic,biochemical,andmicrobiologicalfactorscontributingtothisphenomenon.Inthemalformedindividuals,lesionsinthewinglessgeneanddysfunctionsoflaccase1and2werefoundtobesignificantlymorefrequentthaninnormalinsects.AlargefractionofbutterflieswithdeformedorreducedwingswasdevoidoftheprokaryoticsymbiontWolbachia,whichwaspresentinmostnormalindividuals.Moreover,Yersiniapseudotuberculosis(Pfeiffer)SmithandThai,andSerratiasp.,bacteriapathogenictoinsects,weredetectedinthebiologicalmaterialfrombothnormalandmalformedbutterfliesfromthispopulation.Thesefindingsaresummarizedanddiscussedinthisreview,inthelightofconservationofinsectsandrestitutionoftheirpopulationsfromalownumberofindividuals.

简介：Apolyacrylicacid(PAA)/gelatin(Gela)/polyvinylalcohol(PVA)hydrogelwaspreparedbycopolymerization,cooling,andfreezing/thawingmethods.Thistriplenetwork(TN)structurehydrogeldisplayedsuperiormechanicalproperties,lowswellingratioandself-healingproperties,ThesuperiormechanicalpropertiesareattributedtothetriplehelixassociationofGelaandPVAcrystallitesbyreversiblehydrogenbonding.Thecharacterizationresultsindicatedthatthefracturestressandthestrainwere808kPaand370%respectively,whilethecompressionstrengthcouldreach4443kPaandthecompressivemoduluswasupto39MPaunderthedeformationof90%.ThehydrogenbondinginPVAcontributedtomaintainandimprovetheself-healingabilityofhydrogels.Everytypeofhydrogelsexhibitedahigherswellingratiounderalkalineconditions,andtheswellingratiosofPAA,PAA/PVAandPAA/Gelahydrogelswere27.71,12.30and9.09,respectively.ThePAA/Gela/PVATNhydrogelshowedthelowestswellingratio(6.57)amongthesehydrogels.TheseresultsindicatethatthenovelTNhydrogelspossessgoodenvironmentaladaptabilityandhavepotentialapplicationsinthebiomedicalengineeringandsensorfield.