简介:Amethod,calledTwo-DimensionalExtendedAttributeGrammars(2-DEAGs)fortherecognitionofhand-printedChinesecharactersispresented.Thismethodusesdirectlytwodimensionalinformation,andprovidesaschemefordealingwithvariouskindsofspecificcasesinauniformway.Inthismethod,componentsaredrawninguidedandredundantwayandreductionsaremadelevelbylevejustinaccordancewiththecomponentcombinationrelationsofChinesecharacters.Themethodprovidsalsopolysemousgrammars,coexistinggrammarsandstructureinferringswhihconstrainredundantrecognitionbycomparisonamongsimilarcharactersofcomponentsandgreatlyincreasethetoleranceabilitytodistortion.
简介:Epoxyresinlaminateontowhichapairofcopperfoilwasprintedwasemployedastestsamples.Thesampleswereplacedinanartificialatmosphericchamber,whichwasvacuumedbyarotarypumpfrom100kPato5kPa.ThemagneticfieldwasproducedbypermanentmagnetsthatwereassembledtomakeE×Bdriftawayfrom,intoandparalleltothesamplesurface,respectively.Magneticfluxdensitywasadjustedat120mT,180mTand240mTrespectively.Byapplyinganegativebiasvoltagebetweentheelectrodes,the...
简介:AbstractHypothesis:Three-dimensional (3D) printed temporal bones are comparable to cadaveric temporal bones as a training tool for otologic surgery.Background:Cadaveric temporal bone dissection is an integral part of otology surgical training. Unfortunately, availability of cadaveric temporal bones is becoming much more limited and concern regarding chemical and biological risks persist. In this study, we examine the validity of 3D-printed temporal bone model as an alternative training tool for otologic surgery.Methods:Seventeen otolaryngology trainees participated in the study. They were asked to complete a series of otologic procedures using 3D-printed temporal bones. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate their dissection experience on the 3D-printed temporal bones.Results:Participants found that the 3D-printed temporal bones were anatomically realistic compared to cadaveric temporal bones. They found that the 3D-printed temporal bones were useful as a surgical training tool in general and also for specific otologic procedures. Overall, participants were enthusiastic about incorporation of 3D-printed temporal bones in temporal bone dissection training courses and would recommend them to other trainees.Conclusion:3D-printed temporal bone model is a viable alternative to human cadaveric temporal bones as a teaching tool for otologic surgery.
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简介:Three-dimensional-printed(3D-P)titaniumimplantsdisplaymanyadvantages,suchasdesignflexibility,higherefficiency,thecapabilitytoeasilyconstructcomplexorcustomizedstructures,etc.,andisbelievedtopotentiallyreplacetraditionalimplants.However,thebiologicalperformanceofthe3D-Ptitaniumsurfacehasnotbeeninvestigatedsystematically.Herein,weanalyzedthesurfacecharacteristicsof3D-PTi6AI4Vimplantsandevaluatedthebiologicalresponsesofbonemarrowderivedmesenchymalstromalcells(BMSCs)tothe3D-Psurfaceinvitro.Moreover,afterimplantationintotheratfemoralcondylefor3and6weeks,theosseointegrationperformaneewasevaluated.Theresultsshowedthe3D-PTi6Al4Vimplantpresenteddistinctfluctuantmacroscaleroughsurfaceandrelativelybetterhydrophilicitywhichenhancedtheadhesion,proliferation,osteogenicdifferentiationandangiogeneticfactorexpressionofBMSCs.Moreover,theinvivoosseointegrationperformancewasalsobetterthanthatofthecontrolgroupattheearlystage.Thepresentstudysuggestedthe3D-Ptitaniumalloyisapromisingcandidatetobeusedasimplantmaterial.
简介:来临三维(3-D)打印了技术在设定的多孔的钛(Ti)的制造提供大可能性植入。然而,打印Ti的bioinert性质提出一个突出的问题。混合微弧的氧化并且热水(MAO-HT)多孔的金属上的处理能生产multi-scaled层次矫形植入,为3-D的表面修正的出现大潜力打印了植入。在这研究,有毛孔的圆柱的多孔的Ti6Al4V(Ti64)脚手架640缩放吗??
简介:摘要:军工行业用印制电路板具有多品种、小批量、需求广以及元器件种类繁多等特性。印制电路板在设计过程和工艺过程中产生的诸多问题,若无法在前期得到预防和消除,那么一定会在后续的批量制造阶段暴露,而这些问题将会对生产制造过程带来极大的负担,从而严重制约生产周期和产品质量。本文将从产品质量管理、精益生产制造等角度阐述印制电路板的设计、工艺与制造,以期从设计人员角度改变部分印制电路设计的盲区,逐步改善某些旧习沉疴。同时,观察兄弟单位在印制电路设计、工艺与制造上的新手段、新做法,利用软件审核为手段、PDCA质量管理方法为核心的手段,建立有效机制进行审查、汇总、跟踪和反馈,疏通设计、工艺与制造之间的沟通渠道,提升印制电路板的可制造性设计能力。