简介：

简介：Blacklocust(RobiniapseudoacaciaL.)wasthefirstNorth-AmericantreespeciesimportedtoEuropeatthebeginningoftheseventeenthcentury.Itiscommonlyplantedworldwidebecauseofitsadaptabilitytoenvironmentalstresses,itsvaluablewood,easypropagation,frequentandabundantseedproduction,excellentcoppicing,highseedlingsurvival,andrelativelyhighwoodyield.InEurope,RomaniaandHungaryhavethemosthighly-developedblacklocustgrowingtechniquesandexperiences.Asaresultofincreasinginterestinblacklocustinmanycountries,thisreviewaimstoprovideacomprehensiveoverviewofstate-of-the-artsiterequirements,propagation,improvementandmanagement(includinggrowthandyieldaswellasuseinenergyplantations).

简介：TheFabaceae(legumefamily)isoneofthelargestfamiliesofplantswithaworldwidedistributionandamajorroleinagricultureandinagroforestry.Ahardseedcoatimpermeabletowaterisatypicalfeatureofseveralspecies.Physicaldormancydelaysandreducesgerminationsothatmechanical,physicalandchemicalscarificationmethodshavebeenclassicallyusedtobreakseeddormancyofmanyspecies.WeevaluatetheeffectivenessofamethodologytoscarifyseedsofseveralwoodyFabaceaeofecologicalandeconomicalimportance,includingRobiniapseudoacaciaandAcaciadealbataandtheshrubsCytisusscoparius,C.multiflorusandUlexeuropaeus.Wedescribetheoptimizeduseofahandheldrotarytool(HRT),andcompareitseffectivenesswithotherscarificationmethodsreportedtobreakdormancysuchasboilingordryheating.Totalgerminationand/orspeedofgerminationwereenhancedaftertheapplicationoftheHRT,withgerminationpercentagessignificantlyhigherthanthoseachievedbyothermethodsofscarification.Basedonathoroughliteraturereview,amodeofactionfortheHRTissuggestedwhichcouldoperatebybreakingthephysicalandphysiologicaldormancyoftreatedseedsthroughthecombinedactionofcoatabrasionandmoderatetemperatures.Consideringtheseresults,werecommendtheapplicationofthisrapid,effective,low-costandhighlyreproducibleHRTmethodtobreakseeddormancyandenhancegerminationofthesespeciesandotherswithsimilardormancyconstraints.