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简介：客观：研究诊断和渗透肛门直肠的创伤的有效治疗。方法：回顾的分析在从1985～2004渗透肛门直肠的创伤的16种情况中被做。肛门直肠、膀胱的创伤，烘便、尿的溪流的有效转向和足够的presacral排水的清创术和缝术在所有情况中被执行。结果：所有16个盒子被治好。在他们之中，有在presacral空间的感染的2个盒子被足够的排水在操作以后治好，在肛门括约肌失败地被修理以后，一个盒子被第二等的修理治好并且有书籍的右页的一个盒子膀胱的管与保守治疗被治好。任何一个都没他们受不了象肛门狭窄那样的复杂并发症，尿痛orimportence等等。结论：为渗透肛门直肠的创伤，到主人，伴随物的早识别伤害，到精选适当外科的干预，加强perioperativetreatment是钥匙改进药品效果。

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简介：Reinstallationofmobilejack-uprigsnexttoexistingfootprintsisaproblematicoperationbecausethespudcanlocatednearthefootprintsissubjectedtoeccentricand/orinclinedloadingconditions.Geotechnicalcentrifugestudieshavemeasuredtheseloadsforcombinationsofchangingfootprintgeometry,footprintsoilpropertiesandtheoffsetofthereinstallationfromthefootprintcentre.Thesetestshavebeenoffullmodelspudcansinordertoaccuratelymeasurethecombinedloadsdeveloped.Theyhavenotprovidedinformationonthemechanismsoffailureoccurringduringthiscomplexinstallation.Observationsfromavisualisationtest,whereahalfspudcanispenetratedagainstatransparentwindowinageotechnicalcentrifuge,arereportedinthispaper.Themechanismsoffailureatdifferentstagesduringthepenetrationarepresented.

简介：在这篇论文，我们调查模仿围住的前进的非线性的动力学的与vibro影响的敲击的钻的一个低维的模型。在影响在钻期间引起的粘住滑倒产生的Non-holonomity没能正确地经由古典技术被鉴别。没有non-holonomity的一个减少的模型被一个新州的变量，平均技术成功地被采用检测周期的运动的介绍导出。本地分叉被使用C-L方法直接介绍。沿着参数的不同选择的数字模拟和渗透的率分析被执行了探查非线性的行为和钻的系统的最佳的渗透率。关键词分叉-混乱-Non-holonomity-敲击的钻工程被中国(10872136和10932006)和EPSRC资助(GR/R85556)的国家自然科学基础支持。

简介：根据文学，仅仅关于渗透胸的主动脉的损伤的出现的一个小比例能成功地被对待。此处，我们报导我们缺乏的一所农村医院里的如此的一个病人的最近的营救的经验推进了仪器为心肺绕过操作。20岁的男性在在无名的动脉和左普通颈动脉动脉之间的大动脉的拱门上和1.5厘米的撕裂与破坏无名的静脉和恰好普通的颈动脉动脉为渗透的损害被招收。没有实现，病人成功地被救心肺绕过。在这种情况中的表示和管理被讨论。

简介：SurfacePenetratingRadar(SPR)isarecentlydevelopedtechnologyfornon-destructivetesting.Itcanbeusedtoimageandinterprettheinnerstructureofthereinforcedconcrete.ThispapergivesthedetailsaboutacompactandhandheldSPRdevelopedrecentlyforreinforcedconcretestructuredetection.Thecenteroperationfrequencyoftheradaris1.6GHz.Notonlyithasfastacquisitionability,butalsoitcandisplaythetestingresultontheLCDscreeninreal-time.Thetestingresultsshowthattheradarhasapenetratingrangeofmorethan30cm,andalateralresolutionbetterthan5cm.Theperformancevalidatesthattheradarcanmeettheapplicationrequirementsforreinforcedconcretestructuredetection.

简介：用碳纤维做的射弹合成材料壳和金属弹头以336m/s，447m/s和517m/s的速度渗透具体目标。角度在之间目标表面和射弹轴垂直是0°和30°。具体目标的厚度是200公里，耐压强度是30MPa。试验性的结果显示合成材料结构的力量高。没有纤维分离和破裂，合成射弹能通过具体目标。百分比充满在合成材料射弹是18.5%。它作为金属射弹的在附近两次，如果金属的密度作为7.8g/cm3被拿。与金属射弹作比较，低密度，合成材料能减少的高张力射弹重量，改进雷管的费用重量比率并且提高破坏粉末。

简介：AbstractPenetrating head injury is rare, and thus management of such injuries is non-standard. Early diagnosis and intraoperative comprehensive exploration are necessary considering the complexity and severity of the trauma. However, because of the lack of microsurgical techniques in local hospitals, the possible retained foreign bodies and other postoperative complications such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak usually require a rational design for a secondary operation to deal with. We present a case of a 15-yearold boy who was stabbed with a bamboo stick in his left eye. The chopsticks passed through the orbit roof and penetrated the skull base. In subsequent days, the patient sustained CSF leak and intracranial infection after an unsatisfied primary treatment in the local hospital and had to request a secondary operation in our department. Computed tomography including plain scan, three dimension reconstruction and computed tomographic angiography are used to determine the course and extent of head injury. A frontal craniotomy was performed. Three pieces of stick were found residual and removed with the comminuted orbit bone fragments. A pedicled temporalis muscle fascia graft was applied to repair the frontier skull base and a free temporalis muscle flap to seal the frontal sinus defect. Aggressive broadspectrum antibiotics of vancomycin and meropenem were administrated for persistent fever after operation. CSF external drainage system continued for 12 days, and was removed 10 days after temperature returned to normal. The Glasgow coma scale score was improved to 15 at postoperative day 7 and the patient was discharged at day 22 uneventfully. We believe that appropriate preoperative surgical plan and thorough surgical exploration by microsurgery is essential for attaining a favorable outcome, especially in secondary operation. Good postoperative recovery depends on successfully management before and after operation for possible complications as well.

简介：Mosquitoesareexceptionalintheirabilitytopierceintohumanskinwithanaturalultimatepainlessmicroneedle,namedfascicle.HerethestructureoftheAedesalbopictusmosquitofascicleisobtainedusingaScanningElectronMicroscope(SEM),andthewholeprocessofthefascicleinsertingintohumanskinisobservedusingahigh-speedvideoimagingtechnique.Directmeasurementsoftheinsertionforceformosquitofascicletopenetrateintohumanskinarereported.Resultsshowthatthemosquitousesaverylowforce(average18μN)topenetrateintotheskin.Thisforceisatleastthreeordersofmagnitudesmallerthanthereportedlowestinsertionforceforanartificialmicroneedlewithanultrasharptiptoinsertintothehumanskin.Inordertounderstandthepiercingmechanismofmosquitofascicletipintohumanmultilayerskintissue,anumericalsimulationisconductedtoanalyzetheinsertionprocessusinganonlinearfiniteelementmethod.Agoodagreementoccursbetweenthenumericalresultsandtheexperimentalmeasurements.

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简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheindications,complications,andvisualandgraftsurvivaloutcomesineyesthathadundergonesimultaneouscataractextractionandpenetratingkeratoplasty(PKP).·METHODS:Wedescribedaretrospectivestudyof101patientswhohadundergonesimultaneouscataractextractionandPKPatKingKhaledEyeSpecialistHospitalbetweenJanuary1,2001,andDecember31,2002.Allpatientswerefolloweduppostoperativelywithmaximumfollow-up68months.·RESULTS:Themeanageofpatientswas61years.Themeanoverallfollow-upwas27months.Themostcommonindicationsforsurgerywerecornealscarring(45.5%),previousfailedgraft(15.8%),cornealulcer(12.9%),Fuchsendothelialdystrophy(8.9%),stromaldystrophy(2.9%),andotherconditions(14.5%).Overall,69grafts(68.3%)remainedclearatfinalfollow-up.Previousglaucomaorpostoperativeglaucomahadnostatisticallysignificanteffectsongraftoutcome(P>0.05).Thegraftrejectionrate(17.8%)wasasignificantriskfactorforfailure(P=0.00).Age,gender,indicationsforsurgery,cornealgraftdiameter,andintraoperativevitreouslosshadnostatisticallysignificanteffectsonthePKPoutcome(P>0.05).Postoperativevisualacuitywassignificantlyassociatedwithpreoperativevisualacuity(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:Thepresentstudyprovidesevidencethatperformingacombinedprocedureresultsinmorerapidvisualrehabilitationandgoodgraftclarity.

简介：在分数之间的关系在风险分数系统(RSS)获得了的AIMTo分析与渗透keratoplasty(PKP)由希克斯等求婚了在1y的接枝失败手术后地并且在在有PKP接枝失败的风险的RSS的每个因素之中使用univariate和multivariateanalysis.METHODSThe有的回顾的队学习152从152个病人的PKP。十八个盒子由于主要失败(10个盒子)从我们的学习被排除，不完全的医药笔记(5个盒子)和后续不到1y(3个盒子)。我们从134个病人包括了134PKP在外科手术前的风险分数成层。枪兵系数在1y为在获得的分数和失败的风险之间的关系被计算。Univariate和multivariate分析为在1y.RESULTSSpearman系数在接枝失败上在RSS包括的每个单个风险因素的影响被计算在在RSS和接枝失败的分数之间的显示出的统计上重要的关联(P<0.05)。Multivariate逻辑回归分析没显示出统计上重要的关系(P>0.05)在有接枝失败的诊断和透镜地位之间。在因素学习了的另外的风险和接枝失败之间的关系是重要的(P<0.05)，尽管以前的接枝的结果和接枝失败是不可靠的。这样，任何一个都没我们的病人有以前的输血它没有impact.CONCLUSIONAftermultivariate分析技术的申请，一些风险因素不在1y在接枝失败上显示出期望的影响。

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简介：BasedontheopticaldatafortransmittedradiationthroughseaiceintheArcticduringthelateautumnandearlywinterof2007,theauthorsstudiedthearrivingsolarradiation,reflectedradiationandtransmittedradiationunderverylowsolaraltitude.Throughtheatmosphere,thelightofthearrivingsolarradiationatshortwavelengthwasweakened,withthespectraldistributionofdoublepeakscenteredat490nmand683nm.Themagnitudeofthepeakat683nmevenexceededthatat490nmundertheverylowsolarradiationcondition.Thereflectionwaslowerthanthatinsummertimebecauseofthethinthicknessesoficeandsnow,allowinghigherratioofheattoentertheseaiceandsnow.Whenhigherratioofsolarradiationenteredseaiceinlateautumn,thenewicefreezingwouldbeaffected.Thespectralreflectivityfromsnowsurfacewasalmostaconstant,butthereflectionwithoutsnowde-creasedatlongerwavelengths.Inthetransmissionspectrum,thelightof490nmwasdominant.Itindicatesthattheradiationatlongerwavelengthwasweakenedbyseaice.Therefore,undertheconditionoflowsolaraltitude,theradiationatshorterwavelengthwasweakenedbytheatmospherewhiletheradiationatlongerwavelengthwasweakenedbytheseaice.Thecombinedeffectofat-mosphereandseaicemadethesolarradiationunderseaicemuchweaker.Theabsorptionofseaiceforthelonger-wavelengthradiationallowedtheseaicetogainmoreheattoslowdownthefreezingprocess.

简介：作为由地面生产的数据的数量，为根渗透雷达(GPR)大，传播和数据的存储消费大资源。减轻这个问题，我们这里用混乱粒子群建议一个根成像算法最佳(CPSO)压缩了根据根空间的稀少基于GPR数据察觉到。雷达数据以稀少的方式被分解，观察，测量并且代表，因此根图象能与有限数据被重建。第一，雷达信号测量和稀少的表示被实现，并且解决方案空格被小浪基础和高斯随机矩阵建立；第二，匹配的功能被看作健康功能，并且最好的健康价值被一个PSO算法发现；然后，混乱搜索被用来获得全球最佳的操作员；最后，根图象被最佳的操作符重建。分别地，从美国GSSIGPR的A扫描数据，B扫描数据，和复杂数据在试验性的测试被使用。为B扫描数据，计算时间被减少60?%和PSNR被改进5.539?dB；为实际的根数据成像，重建PSNR是26.300?dB，和全部的计算时间仅仅是67.210?s。CPSO-OMP算法克服本地最佳套住的问题并且包括地在重建期间提高精确。

简介：目的：探讨顽固性三叉神经痛的有效治法。方法：采用透穴注射配合耳压治疗原发顽固性三叉神经痛28例，并与单纯针刺28例对照。结果：观察组总有效率为95．4％，对照组总有效率为78．6％，透穴注射配合耳压治疗原发顽固性三叉神经痛总有效率与单纯针刺组差异明显（P〈0．05）。结论：运用透穴注射配合耳压是治疗原发顽固性三叉神经痛的有效方法。

简介：AbstractPurpose:To develop animal models of penetrating thoracic injuries and to observe the effects of the animal model-based training on improving the trainees’ performance for emergent and urgent thoracic surgeries.Methods:With a homemade machine, animal models of lung injuries and penetrating heart injuries were produced in porcine and used for training of chest tube drainage, urgent sternotomy, and emergent thoracotomy. Coefficient of variation of abbreviated injury scale and blood loss was calculated to judge the reproducibility of animal models. Five operation teams from basic-level hospitals (group A) and five operation teams from level III hospitals (group B) were included to be trained and tested. Testing standards for the operations were established after thorough literature review, and expert questionnaires were employed to evaluate the scientificity and feasibility of the testing standards. Tests were carried out after the training. Pre- and post-training performances were compared. Post-training survey using 7-point Likert scale was taken to evaluate the feelings of the trainees to these training approaches.Results:Animal models of the three kinds of penetrating chest injuries were successfully established and the coefficient of variation of abbreviated injury scale and blood loss were all less than 25%. After literature review, testing standards were established, and expert questionnaire results showed that the scientific score was 7.30 ± 1.49, and the feasibility score was 7.50 ± 0.89. Post-training performance was significantly higher in both group A and group B than pre-training performance. Post-training survey showed that all the trainees felt confident in applying the operations and were generally agreed that the training procedure were very helpful in improving operation skills for thoracic penetrating injury.Conclusions:Animal model-based simulation training established in the current study could improve the trainees’ performance for emergent and urgent thoracic surgeries, especially of the surgical teams from basic-level hospitals.

简介：ＴＷＯ－ＰＨＡＳＥＦＬＯＷＦＯＲＡＨＯＲＩＺＯＮＴＡＬＷＥＬＬＰＥＮＥＴＲＡＴＩＮＧＡＮＡＴＵＲＡＬＬＹＦＲＡＣＴＵＲＥＤＲＥＳＥＲＶＯＩＲＷＩＴＨＥＤＧＥＷＡＴＥＲＩＮＪＥＣＴＩＯＮＧｕｏＤａｌｉ（郭大立）ＬｉｕＣｉｑｕｎ（刘慈群）（Ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ...

简介：这篇文章的目的是作为安慰剂针估计临床的证据为或对非渗透的假冒的针的令人目眩的效果。这系统的评论包括了作为安慰剂针拿非渗透的假冒的针灸的针灸的使随机化的控制审判(RCT)。系统的搜索在13个电子数据库被进行直到2012年7月：Medline，PubMed，Cochrane图书馆，CINAHL，EMBASE，一个中国医药数据库。没有语言限制，所有平行或为非渗透的针的令人目眩的效果的针灸的转线路RCT被选择。最后，完全，7RCT满足了包括标准。在结论，我们的系统的评论和元分析证明非渗透的针是为在针灸RCT的安慰剂控制的一台有效仪器。