简介：摘要BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESpasticity is a common sequala of the upper motor neuron lesions. For instance, it often occurs in the first 4 weeks after stroke and is seen in more than one-third of stroke survivors after 12 months. In recent years, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been recognized as a safe and effective method for reducing muscle spasticity. Possible/relevant mechanisms include nitric oxide production, motor neuron excitability reduction, induction of neuromuscular transmission dysfunction, and direct effects on rheological properties. There are two types of ESWT, focused and radial, with the radial type more commonly applied for treating muscle spasticity. Concerning the optimal location for applying ESWT, the belly muscles and myotendinous junction seem to produce comparable results. The effects of ESWT on spasticity are known to last at least four to six weeks, while some studies report durations of up to 12 weeks. In this review, the authors will focus on the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of ESWT in spasticity, as well as certain technical parameters of ESWT, e．g., the intensity, frequency, location, and number of sessions. The pertinent literature has been reviewed, with an emphasis on post-stroke upper limbs, post-stroke lower limbs, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. In short, while ESWT has positive effects on parameters such as the modified Ashworth scale, mixed results have been reported regarding functional recovery. Of note, as botulinum toxin injection is one of the most popular and effective pharmacological methods for treating spasticity, studies comparing the effects of ESWT and botulinum toxin injections, and studies reporting the results of their combination, are also reviewed in this paper.

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简介：摘要：社会进步也继续促进商业企业的发展方式。与此同时，他还警告大公司，为了在社会上立足，它们必须跟上时代的步伐，以免被淘汰。5S现场管理也有同样的原因:只有保持探索和进步的态度，我们才能在竞争激烈的市场上逐步提升和不断改进商业企业的现场管理。本文主要分析5S现场管理意义与如何推行商企5S现场管理。

简介：摘要：随着互联网的发展，电商行业近年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。在此大背景下，S公司也达到了前所未有的发展，本文将对S公司的营销策略进行全面分析并对其问题提出建议和意见。

简介：摘要:目前，我国大力倡导“大众创业、万众创新”，鼓励创新型产业发展，随着我国人民对具有文化内涵的创新型产品和服务需求量的不断增长，从而推动了大批文化创意企业的创立和发展。然而，大部分文化创意企业目前处于发展的萌芽阶段，管理层防范风的险意识比较薄弱。因此，对于处于高风险区域的文化创意企业来说，运用合理的风险管理方法来规避风险，对于企业实现战略经营目标意义非凡。

简介：摘要ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on ankle flexor spasticity in stroke survivors and to reveal changes in the fibroelastic components of muscle.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingInpatient neuro-rehabilitation clinic of a university hospital.ParticipantsStroke patients with ankle flexor spasticity.InterventionsPatients were randomized to three groups; radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy, sham, or control. Active and sham therapy were administered two sessions/week for two weeks. All patients received conventional rehabilitation.Main measuresThe primary outcome was Modified Ashworth Scale. Secondary outcomes were the Tardieu Scale and elastic properties of plantar flexor muscles assessed by elastography (strain index). All assessments were performed before, immediately after the treatment, and four weeks later at follow-up.ResultsFifty-one participants were enrolled (active therapy n＝17, sham n＝17, control n＝17). Modified Ashworth scores showed a significant decrease in the active therapy group (from 2.47±0.72 to 1.41±0.62) compared to sham (from 2.19±1.05 to 2.06±1.12) and control (from 2.06±0.85 to 2.00±0.73) groups immediately after the treatment (P<0.001). Tardieu results were also in concordance (P<0.001), however this effect was not preserved at follow-up. Elastic properties of the ankle flexors were improved in all groups at both assessments after the therapy showing significant decreases in strain index (P<0.001). However, there was no difference among the groups in terms of improvement in elastography.ConclusionRadial extracorporeal shock wave therapy has short-term anti-spastic effects on ankle flexor muscles when used as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation.

简介：AbstractTrauma-induced pulmonary thromboembolism is the second leading cause of death in severe trauma patients. Primary fibrinolytic hyperactivity combined with hemorrhage and consequential hypercoagulability in severe trauma patients create a huge challenge for clinicians. It is crucial to ensure a safe anticoagulant therapy for trauma patients, but a series of clinical issues need to be answered first, for example, what are the risk factors for traumatic venous thromboembolism? How to assess and determine the status of coagulation dysfunction of patients? When is the optimal timing to initiate pharmacologic prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism? What types of prophylactic agents should be used? How to manage the anticoagulation-related hemorrhage and to determine the optimal timing of restarting chemoprophylaxis? The present review attempts to answer the above questions.

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简介：【摘要】本文主要涉及工作在S波段的频带，频带宽度为400MHz、平均占空比与脉冲宽度分别在10%、200μs以内，基于有源相控阵雷达TR组件，这一组件应用模块化的设计方式，并将功率放大、接受以及电源模块正和到铝合金板当中，借助合理的布局与优化电路结构，强化强迫液冷的散热设计方式，保障组件的性能指标满足设计要求，并且还带有更小体积、更轻重量以及更紧凑结构等基础特征。对此，本文简要分析s波段有源相控阵雷达TR组件研究，希望能够为相关工作者提供帮助。

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简介：AbstractBackground:Cerebrovascular disease has become the leading cause of death in China. The purpose of this article is to analyze China's contribution to the interventional treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.Methods:Bibliometric analysis was used for evaluating the quantity, quality, research hotspots, and cooperation network of publications regarding interventional treatment of cerebrovascular diseases from China. These articles were searched from the database of Web of Science Core Collection. The authors, publication years, citation times, regions, and source journals of retrieved articles were recorded. Network analysis and visualization were performed on Citespace5.6.Results:From 1991 to 2019, a total of 5052 articles regarding cerebrovascular intervention were contributed by Chinese researchers. The number of publications from China grew fastest annually in the latest 5 years among countries. These publications were cited 61,216 times, with 12.12 average citations per item. The h-index was 82. Affiliated hospitals of Capital Medical University contributed most articles. Cerebral ischemia and intracranial aneurysm were the most popular keywords over the three decades. The timeline view of keywords indicated that cerebral ischemia always was a hot spot. Stent techniques were the main treatment tools and still had a strong developing trend. Neural regeneration and neuroprotection were the hot topics of basic researches related to cerebrovascular intervention.Conclusions:The number of researches grows rapidly in China over the decades, but the quality still needs further improvement. The increasing contributions of Chinese researchers to the global knowledge system of cerebrovascular intervention are promising.

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简介：[摘要]呼吸机为人体支持通气与进行呼吸治疗的设备，在进行病人生命体征维系的治疗过程中尤为重要。在日常使用过程中，呼吸机产生的各种故障会直接影响设备使用，通过对故障类型的整理分析，可以更好地了解呼吸机各项故障，有效帮助故障排除。本文介绍了呼吸机常见故障，分享了一例多起故障合并的维修案例，通过故障可能性分析，从气泵、气路检查到管路、流量传感器及电路板维修，一步步找到问题所在，解决该台呼吸机系统故障和潮气量忽大忽小等问题，为该台设备正常使用提供有效的保障。

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