简介:AbstractBackground:Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) has been shown to be associated with the occurrence of various cancers and involved in many tumorigenic processes. This study aimed to investigate the specific molecular mechanism through which UBE2C affects breast cancer (BC) proliferation.Methods:BC-related datasets were screened according to filter criteria in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Venn diagram analysis. By using DEGs, we conducted the following analyses including Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interaction (PPI), and survival analysis, and then validated the function of the hub gene UBE2C using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay, and Western blot assay.Results:In total, 151 DEGs were identified from the GEO and TCGA databases. The results of GO analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were significantly enriched with mitotic nuclear division, lipid droplet, and organic acid-binding. KEGG analysis showed that the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation were significantly enriched in the signal transduction pathway category. The top three hub genes that resulted from the PPI network were FOXM1, UBE2C, and CDKN3. The results of survival analysis showed a close relationship between UBE2C and BC. The results of CCK-8 and transwell assays suggested that the proliferation and invasion of UBE2C knockdown cells were significantly inhibited (P < 0.050). The results of Western blot assay showed that the level of phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome 10 (p-PTEN) was obviously increased (P < 0.050), whereas the levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) were dramatically decreased (P < 0.050) in the UBE2C knockdown cell.Conclusion:UBE2C can promote BC proliferation by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
简介:摘要目的探讨联合检测尿液中人类泛素偶联酶E2C(UBE2C)、核基质蛋白22(NMP22)在膀胱癌诊断中的临床价值。方法选取2013年11月至2014年5月在中山大学第一附属医院收治的膀胱癌患者78例(训练组),同期选取5例肾结石、4例良性膀胱肿物、6例良性前列腺增生、6例血尿症、4例尿路感染患者和16例健康志愿者组成对照A组(41例)。选取2013年11月至2014年7月在中山大学肿瘤研究中心收治的膀胱癌患者111例(独立验证组),同期选取7例肾结石、6例良性膀胱肿物、9例良性前列腺增生、6例血尿症、8例尿路感染患者和24例健康志愿者组成对照B组(60例)。检测并比较UBE2C、NMP22及两者联合(模型)的诊断准确度,并通过独立验证组对UBE2C、NMP22及模型的诊断准确度进行验证。结果训练组的UBE2C和NMP22浓度均高于对照A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。两组UBE2C和NMP22浓度均不受性别、年龄及吸烟情况的影响,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但肌层浸润肿瘤和高级别肿瘤的浓度均分别较非肌层浸润肿瘤及低级别肿瘤增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。独立验证组的UBE2C和NMP22浓度均分别高于对照B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。训练组中,UBE2C的曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.779,灵敏度为71%,特异度为85%;NMP22的AUC值为0.793,灵敏度为78%,特异度为80%;模型的AUC值为0.875,灵敏度为87%,特异度为88%;联合检测的模型准确性均优于单一检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。独立验证组中,UBE2C的AUC值为0.757,灵敏度为71%,特异度为80%;NMP22的AUC值为0.781,灵敏度为77%,特异度为79%;模型的AUC值为0.872,灵敏度为89%,特异度为85%。联合检测的模型诊断性能均优于单一检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论UBE2C可作为膀胱癌诊断的肿瘤标志物,联合UBE2C、NMP22检测可提高膀胱癌诊断的准确度。
简介:C2C的模式在中国完成了培养用户网络购物习惯的使命,而最终要盈利却不得不绕道B2C。4月17日,易趣网副总裁常琳的晚餐时间是和易趣新平台上的个人大卖家们一起度过的。席间,那些自eBay易趣时代就栖身此处的大卖家们不断地向常琳提出各种吸引卖家进驻的建议。
简介:对于网络营销,大凡会上网的人都会说:“不就是推销吗?”诚如斯言,营销就是推销,也就是在网络上卖东西。对于如何卖东西,每一个电子商务人又都有自己不同的看法。即使如吾辈从来没有亲自经历过布置店铺.描述宝贝.卖出宝贝等过程的动嘴型人,也会对营销指手划脚,然而大抵无非是这样:说一些再也不能官方的话;讲一些再也不能浅薄的道理;不吝出笔,每一出则洋洋洒洒,不下万言。长此以往,还未亲临商战已著作等身,盆满钵满了。然而,如果没有亲历过那种开店等客人的期待,那种发货等款项的焦急。以及那种做成第一单生意的舒坦,那么,这些所谓的营销仅仅只是充斥版面的无病呻吟。网络营销是一门另类阐述社会关系的学科。如果只是坐在研究室就得出了营销方法。那也只是一些花拳绣腿,不管文字多么考究。语言多么华丽。以下这些文字,来源于身处最前线的淘友们在经验居、个人论坛里面的经验之谈。没有可以抑扬顿挫的音韵,也不适合做深情款款的朗读。这些文字只传递了一个信息:我曾经这么做。现在正在这么做,这么做给我带来了白花花的银子。
简介:Afamilyofpiecewiserationalquinticinterpolationispresented.Eachinterpolationofthefamily,whichisidentifieduniquelybythevalueofaparameterαi,isofC2continuitywithoutsolvingasystemofconsistencyequationsforthederivativevaluesattheknots,andcanbeexpressedbythebasisfunctions.InterpolantisofO(hr)accuracywhenf(x)?Cr[a,b],andtheerrorshaveonlyasmallfloatingforabigchangeoftheparameterαi,itmeanstheinterpolationisstablefortheparameter.Theinterpolationcanpreservetheshapepropertiesofthegivendata,suchasmonotonicityandconvexity,andaproperchoiceofparameterαiisgiven.
简介:我一直认为,我的生活很悲哀,暗淡无光。我游走在仇恨边缘,幸福早已离我而去。我开始相信:即使我可以看见幸福,也抵达不了幸福的国度。从父母决定分道扬镳的那
简介:目的:观察不同中医治法对大鼠肝癌UBE2D2表达的调控差异,以及UBE2D2在人肝癌细胞增殖中的作用。方法:采用DEN诱发大鼠肝癌,分别经中药健脾益气、清热解毒、活血化瘀等治疗后,Mfy—metrixrat230AGeneChiparrays检测肝癌组织UBE2D2表达的差异;设计2个人UBE2D2基因siRNA靶点,将重组质粒经脂质体转入SMMC-7721人肝癌细胞株,MTT法检测细胞生长增殖情况、Realtime—PCR检测该基因的表达差异。结果:芯片结果显示,UBE2D2基因在大鼠肝癌形成后表达显著增加,不同中医治法对其具有不同程度的下调作用,其中健脾理气法下凋作用较明显;采用MTT法筛选到1个UBE2D2基因RNA干扰有效靶序列,转染6d后细胞的生长增殖得到了明显的抑制(与阴性对照组相比,P〈0.01);实时荧光定量PCR检测表明,转染6d后该基因的表达明显降低。结论:UBE2D2基因的高表达与肝癌细胞恶性增殖有关,而中药健脾理气治法对其具有下调作用。