简介:Theeffectofbismuth(Bi)forbothVO2+/VO2+andV3+/V2+redoxcouplesinvanadiumflowbatteries(VFBs)hasbeeninvestigatedbydirectlyintroducingBionthesurfaceofcarbonfelt(CF).TheresultsshowthatBihasnocatalyticeffectforVO2+/VO2+redoxcouple.Duringthefirstchargeprocess,BiisoxidizedtoBi3+(neverreturnbacktoBimetalinthesubsequentcycles)duetothelowstandardredoxpotentialof0.308V(vs.SHE)forBi3+/BiredoxcouplecomparedwithVO2+/VO2+redoxcoupleandBi3+exhibitno(orneglectable)electro-catalyticactivity.Additionally,therelationshipbetweenBiloadingandelectrochemicalactivityforV3+/V2+redoxcouplewasstudiedindetail.2wt%Bi-modifiedcarbonfelt(2%-BiCF)exhibitsthehighestelectrochemicalactivity.Usingitasnegativeelectrode,ahighenergyefficiency(EE)of79.0%canbeachievedatahighcurrentdensityof160mA/cm2,whichis5.5%higherthanthepristineone.Moreover,theelectrolyteutilizationratioisalsoincreasedbymorethan30%.Eventhecelloperatedat140mA/cm2forover300cycles,theEEcanreach80.9%withoutobviousfluctuationandattenuation,suggestingexcellentcatalyticactivityandelectrochemicalstabilityinVFBs.
简介:目的观察脊柱定点旋转复位手法治疗L_(3-4)椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法L_(3-4)椎间盘突出症56例为A组,L4-5及L5-S1椎间盘突出症60例为B组,均采用脊柱定点旋转复位手法治疗,治疗前及治疗结束后用VAS评分,评价治疗效果,并进行统计分析。结果A、B组手法治疗后VAS评分与治疗前VAS评分比较均减小,差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.01);A组与B组相比,手法治疗后的VAS差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论L_(3-4)椎间盘突出症可以运用脊柱定点旋转复位法手治疗,其临床疗效与L4-5和L5-S1椎间盘突出症相比差异无统计学意义。