简介：AbstractDecidualization is the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into secretory decidual stromal cells. Human decidualization involves some amount of signaling molecules and pathways as well as genetic reprogramming, which is driven by the postovulatory rise in progesterone levels and local cyclic adenosine monophosphate production. Decidualization extends from the primary decidual zone to the secondary decidual zone, and then exits through apoptosis. Evidences support that decidual fibroblasts function as the pool of decidual stromal cells during pregnancy. Decidualization undergoes an acute inflammatory phase, an anti-inflammatory secretory phase to the final recession phase. The decidualization of the inner layer of endometrium, termed decidua, is the most critical determinant of pregnancy success, which can promote placenta formation, modulate immune tolerance, foster resistance to oxidative stress, sense embryo quality, and control labor. Failure to adequate decidualization in terms of hormones, biochemistry, and immunology leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including diseases such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, premature labor, repeated implantation failures, and some age-related decline in reproductive capacity. The development of animal models and in vitro culture systems combined with emerging technologies provides a powerful system to explore the mechanism of decidualization. However, decidualization is a dynamic, multi-step process, and translating of current research progress into disease predictions and interventions for pregnancy complications remains to be achieved. The study of periodic regeneration and spontaneous decidualization of the endometrium will be beneficial to the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy diseases.

简介：AbstractThe rate of twin pregnancies has increased over the last decades, largely because of the ongoing development of assisted reproductive technology and increased maternal age at childbearing. Twins have a higher risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy and the perinatal period. The prevalence of umbilical cord abnormalities is higher for twin pregnancies compared with singleton pregnancies. Some of these abnormalities are nonspecific to twinning and can also be found in singleton gestations (such as velamentous cord insertion, vasa previa, and single umbilical artery). Other abnormalities are associated with monochorionic twins, such as umbilical cord entanglement, and umbilical proximate cord insertion. Most of these abnormalities can be detected by ultrasound evaluation. The early and accurate ultrasound diagnosis of chorionicity, amnionicity, and placental and umbilical cord characteristics is crucial if we are to predict the risk of complications and to determine the best management for twin pregnancies. Histopathological examination of the placenta and umbilical cord after delivery can help to confirm prenatal diagnosis and to provide a better understanding of the physiopathology of their abnormalities. The aim of this review was to emphasize the role that the umbilical cord plays in twin complications and to describe the management of these high-risk pregnancies.

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简介：AbstractAspirin, one of the most widely applied medicines, not only possesses the effects on reducing fever, anti-vascular hyperplasia, and anti-inflammation, but also has the capacity of preventing platelet aggregation. So far, it is acceptable to adopt aspirin, especially low-dose aspirin (LDA), to prevent pregnancy-related complications, such as pregnancy complicated by antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, or preeclampsia; unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion; fetal growth restriction; and preterm birth. In this article, we reviewed the possible mechanism of action and applications of aspirin in these pregnancy-related complications.

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简介：Atrialfibrillation(AF)isthemostcommoncardiacarrhythmiaaffectingmillionsofpeopleworldwidewithincreasingincidenceandprevalence.RadiofrequencycatheterablationhasevolvedasthetreatmentofchoiceforbothparoxysmalandpersistentAF.Severalstudieshavebeenreportedoncatheterablationasthefirst-linetreatmentforparoxysmalAFanddifferentstrategiesforpersistentAF.Newtechnologiessuchascontact-forcesensingcathetersandcryoballoonhavebeenrecentlyusedandtheprocedurecarriestheriskofcomplicationslikehematoma,arteriovenousfistula,cardiactamponade,pulmonaryveinstenosis,atrio-esophagealfistulaanddeath.

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