简介：Thereisagrowinginterestininvestigatingtheaccuracyofdigitalelevationmodel(DEM).HoweverpeopleusuallyhaveanunbalancedviewonDEMerrors.TheyemphasizeDEMsamplingerrors,butignoretheimpactofDEMresolutionandterrainroughnessontheaccuracyofterrainrepresentation.ThisresearchputsforwardtheconceptofDEMterrainrepresentationerror(Et)andtheninvestigatesthegeneration,factors,measurementandsimulationofDEMterrainrepresentationerrors.Amulti-resolutionandmulti-reliefcomparativeapproachisusedasthemajormethodologyinthisresearch.Theexperimentrevealsaquantitativerelationshipbetweentheerrorandthevariationofresolutionandterrainroughnessatagloballevel.Rootmeansquareerror(RMSEt)isregressedagainstsurfaceprofilecurvature(V)andDEMresolution(R)at10resolutionlevels.ItisfoundthattheRMSEtmaybeexpressedasRMSEt=(0.0061·V+0.0052).R-0.022·V+0.2415.ThisresultmaybeveryusefulinforecastingDEMaccuracy,aswellasindeterminingtheDEMresolutionrelatedtotheaccuracyrequirementofparticularapplication.

简介：Aprobabilitydensityfunction(PDF)isderivedofbetadistributionwithbothλ3(skewness)andλ4(kurtosis)asparametersforweaklynonlinearwavesurfaceelevationbyuseofamethodrecentlyproposedbySrokosz.ThisPDFnotonlyhasasimplerformthanthewell-knownGram-CharlierSeriesPDFderivedbyLonguet-Higgins,butalsoovercomesanobviousshortcomingofthelatterthatwhentheseriesisunsuitablytruncated,theresultingPDFislocallynegative.TotestthederivedbetaPDF,laboratorialexperimentsofwindwavesareconducted.TheexperimentaldataindicatethatthetheoreticalrequirementsoftheparametersinthebetaPDFarefulfilled.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatthepresentPDFisinbetteragreementwiththemeasureddatathanthebetaPDFonlyincludingparameterλ3,andalsothantheGram-CharlierSeriesPDFtruncateduptothetermofH6.

简介：Thispaperinvestigatesthedifferencesthatresultfromapplyingdifferentapproachestouncertaintymodelingandreportsanexperimentalexaminingerrorestimationandpropagationinelevationandslope,withthelatterderivedfromtheformer.Itisconfirmedthatsignificantdifferencesexistbetweenuncertaintydescriptors,andpropagationofuncertaintytoendproductsisimmenselyaffectedbythespecificationofsourceuncertainty.

简介：纸学习扎根的垂直变丑和附近的大楼装载引起的大地水准面波动，基于装载的潮理论。对举起的影响也被考虑。结果证明扎根的垂直变丑和大地水准面波动两个都到达毫米大小。因此，显著地装载的大楼影响调查的精确工程，是明显的，并且它必须严重在申请被考虑。

简介：气候和植被的改变的高度的坡度由集体举起效果(MEE)是进一步复杂的，特别在高、广泛的山区域。然而，为山的这效果和它的含意高度的带一直不好直到最近学习了。这篇论文提供在过去的5年里执行的研究的概述。MEE是几乎，山山岳和罐头的加热效果在在里面之间并且在一个山团外面的给定的举起上被定义为温度差别。它能数字地与intra山脉底举起(MBE)的三个因素被建模，纬度和测湿的陆性率；MBE通常充当主要因素因为MEE并且，在很大程度上的大小能代表MEE。MEE比在山群众的外面在内部导致更高的treelines。在4800-4900m和snowlines成长在大约6000m发展在做山区的森林南部的西藏的高原和中央安第斯山脉，和森林到的大区域在在世界的很多高山的3500m上面实时。当考虑MEE时，全球treelines的高度的分发能与高精确被建模，结果证明MEE贡献大多数到treeline分发模式。没有MEE，森林能仅仅发展对在生态的模式将多是的海水平和世界上面的大约3500m最高更简单。MEE的quantification应该进一步与更高的分辨率数据被改进，它的全球含意将进一步被表明。

简介：OnOctober27,theThreeGorgesengineeringgreetedanothermilestoneinitsconstruction.LiYongan,presidentofChinaThreeGorgesProjectCorporationdeclaredthatthegoalof136mreservoirimpoundmenthadbeenachieved,andtheThreeGorgesreservoirhadformallyenteredthestageofnormaloperationanddispatching.

简介：BackgroundNon-ST-segmentelevationacutecoronarysyndrome(NSTE-ACS)isanacuteheartdiseasecausedbyincompleteocclusionofrelatedcoronaryarterieswithunstableatheroscleroticplaques.LeadaVRSTsegmentelevationandcTnIpositivearecloselycorrelatedtotheprognosisofNSTE-ACSpatients.However,therearefewstudiesapplyingthetwopredictorstoearlyriskstratificationinNSTE-ACSpatients.MethodTwohundredandfivecasesofNSTE-ACSpatientsfollowedupfor6monthsafterdischargewerereviewed.Allpatientsweredividedintofourgroups:GroupA-cTnInegativecombinedwithaVR-non-ST-segmentelevationgroup(100cases);GroupB-cTnInegativecombinedwithaVR-ST-segmentelevationgroup(31cases);GroupC-cTnIpositivecombinedwithaVR-non-ST-segmentelevationgroup(43cases);GroupD-cTnIpositivecombinedwithaVR-ST-segmentelevationgroup(31cases).Therewasnosignificantdifferenceingender,age,oldmyocardialinfarction,previousPCIhistory,hypertension,anddiabetesbetweenaVR-STelevationgroupandnoaVR-STelevationgroup.Themorbidityofleftmainorthree-vesselcoronaryarterydiseaseaswellasadversecardiovasculareventsinthefourgroupswereobservedandanalyzed.Results(i)Themorbidityofleftmainorthree-vesselcoronaryarterydiseasewashighestinGroupD(87.1%),andwasmarkedlyhigherinGroupB(41.9%)thanthatinGroupA(7%)orGroupC(9.3%);(ii)TheincidenceofadversecardiovasculareventswashighestinGroupD(77.4%),andwasmuchhigherinB(35.5%)ascomparedwiththattinGroupA(1%)orgroupC(7%).ConclusionElectrocardiographicleadaVRST-segmentelevationcombinedwithcTnIpositivehasanimportantclinicalvalueinpredictingtheprognosisofthepatientswithNSTE-ACS.

简介：Thispaperdiscussestheeffectofbermwidthandelevationofcompositeslopeonirregularwaverun-up.Basedonthedataobtainedfrommodeltests,theformulaanddistributionofirregularwaverun-uponcompositeslopearederived.Thechangingofwindspeed,widthandelevationofthebermareconsideredcomprehensively.Thewaverun-upwithvariousexceedanceprobabilitycanbees-timatedutilizingthedistributioncurvesofirregularwaverun-up.

简介：ObjectivesToexaminepatientdelay(PD)inseekingtreatmentamongpatientswithST-elevationmyocardialinfarction(STEMI)andtoidentifyfactorsinfluencingPD.MethodspatientswithSTEMIweredividedintotwogroupsbasedonPD:ShortPDgroup(PD≤60minutesafteronsetofsymptoms)andlongPDgroup(>60minutesaftersymptomonset).Aquestionnairedevelopedtoassessdemographiccharacteristics,clinicalfactorsandpsychologicalfactors.Patientswereinterviewedwithin72hoursofadmissionto2hospitals.Results329consecutiveconfirmedSTEMIpatients(Meanage61years;72.5%men)withamedianPDof90minandapre-hospitaldelaytime170minwerestudied,PDwaslessthan1hoursin47.4%ofpatients,whilemorethan1hoursin52.6%,Inunivariateanalyses,patientswithshortPDwerewitnessonset,progresscourseofsymptom,severepain,deathanxiety,knowingAMIasadeadlydiseaseanditspresentation,takingthesymptomseriously.PatientswithlongerPDwereage≥65year,nocturnalonset,experiencedtheirsymptomsathome,gradualonset,’waitedtoseewhethersymptomsdisappeared’,’worriedabouttroublingothers’,’tookpainmedication’andpreinfarctionangina.Astepwisemultipleregressionanalysisfurthersuggestedthatthefollowinginde-pendentcontributorstoalatedecisiontoseekmedicalhelp(relativerisk,95%confidenceinterval):takingpainmedication(15.97;1.70～149.8),wantingtowaitandsee(6.46;1.92～21.74),notwantingtobotheranybody(6.42;2.87～14.34),preinfarctangina(2.73;1.20～6.19),age≥65years(2.51;1.15～5.48),gradualonset(2.40;1.05～5.44),severepain(0.38,0.17～0.85),witnessonset(0.27,0.10～0.70),takingsymptomsseriously(0.019;0.08～0.46).ConclusionsAge≥65years,gradualonset,witnessonset,severepain,preinfarctangina,emotionalresponsesandcopingstrategiesaretheindependentfactorsassociatedwithpatientdelayordecisiontimeinpatientswithAMI.Emotionalresponsesandcopin

简介：Furtherunderstandingofthepathphophisyology,advanceofthediagnosisinstrumentandrenovationoftheriskdelaminationstandardcanofferbettertherapyevidenceforthenon-ST-segmentelevationacutecoronarysyndrome(NSTE-ACS).Drugs,suchastrigeminyantiplateletdrug,prasugrel,fondaparinuxandbivalirudin,havebroughtgreatclinicaleffecttothehighriskpatients.SincetheresultoftheICTUStestannouncedandthedrugelutingballoondeveloped,wehavereachedthenewestrecognitionofhowtoselectachanceforinterventionandhowtopreventandcuretherestenosisofin-stent.

简介：Basedonthemaximumentropyprincipleanewprobabilitydensityfunction(PDF)f(x)forthesurfaceelevationofnonlinearseawaves,X,isderivedthroughperformingacoordinatetransformofXandsolvingavariationproblemsubjecttothreeconstraintconditionsoff(x).ComparedwiththemaximumentropyPDFspresentedpreviously,thenewPDFhasthefollowingmerits:(1)ithasfourparameterstobedeterminedandhencecangivemorerefinedfittoobserveddataandhaswidersuitabilityfornonlinearwavesindifferentconditions;(2)theseparametersareexpressedintermsofdistributionmomentsofXinarelativelysimpleformandhenceareeasytobedeterminedfromobserveddata;(3)thePDFisfreeoftherestrictionofweaknonlinearityandpossibletobeusedforseawavesincomplicatedconditions,suchasthoseinshallowwaterswithcomplicatedtopography;and(4)thePDFissimpleinformandhenceconvenientfortheoreticalandpracticaluses.Laboratorywind-waveexperimentshavebeenconductedtotestthecompetenceofthenewPDFforthesurfaceelevationofnonlinearwaves.TheexperimentalresultsmanifestthatthenewPDFgivessomewhatbetterfittothelaboratorywind-wavedatathanthewell-knownGram-CharlierPDFandbetaPDF.

简介：BackgroundThecombinationofglycoproteinⅡb/Ⅲainhibitorsandheparinhasnotbeencomparedwithbivalirudininstudiesspecificallyinvolvingpatientswithnon-ST-segmentelevationmyocardialinfarctionundergoingpercutaneouscoronaryintervention(PCI).Wecomparedthetwotreatmentsinthispatientpopulation.MethodsImmediatelybeforePCI,werandomlyassigned,inadouble-blindmanner,1721patientswithacutenon-ST-segmentelevationmyocardialinfarctiontoreceiveabciximabplusunfractionatedheparin(861patients)orbivalirudin(860patients).Thestudytestedthehypothesisthatabciximabandheparinwouldbesuperiortobivalirudinwithrespecttotheprimarycompositeendpointofdeath,largerecurrentmyocardialinfarction,urgenttarget-vesselrevascularization,ormajorbleedingwithin30days.Secondaryendpointsincludedthecompositeofdeath,anyrecurrentmyocardialinfarction,orurgenttarget-vesselrevascularization(efficacyendpoint)andmajorbleeding(safetyendpoint)within30days.ResultsTheprimaryendpointoccurredin10.9%ofthepatientsintheabciximabgroup(94patients)andin11.0%inthebivalirudingroup(95patients)(relativeriskwithabciximab,0.99;95%confidenceinterval[CI],0.74to1.32;P=0.94).Death,anyrecurrentmyocardialinfarction,orurgenttarget-vesselrevascularizationoccurredin12.8%ofthepatientsintheabciximabgroup(110patients)andin13.4%inthebivalirudingroup(115patients)(relativerisk,0.96;95%CI,0.74to1.25;P=0.76).Majorbleedingoccurredin4.6%ofthepatientsintheabciximabgroup(40patients)ascomparedwith2.6%inthebivalirudingroup(22patients)(relativerisk,1.84;95%CI,1.10to3.07;P=0.02).ConclusionsAbciximabandunfractionatedheparin,ascomparedwithbivalirudin,failedtoreducetherateoftheprimaryendpointandincreasedtheriskofbleedingamongpatientswithnon-ST-segmentelevationmyocardialinfarctionwhowereundergoingPCI.(FundedbyNycomedPharmaandothers;

简介：在在IOP上调查了triamcinoloneintravitrealtriamcinoloneacetonide的注射的效果的研究的triamcinoloneacetonide.METHODSSystematic文学评论的intravitreal注射以后的intraocular压力(IOP)上的AIMTo报告根据Cochrane合作方法论被进行，报导效果被分析了，Meta-analysis.RESULTSWe发现了IOP跟随inverted-U随着时间的过去以14.81±的平均价值开始的形状模式；1.22而且，学习的土地，变老，绿内障和性作文物质为的以前的历史跨学习在报导IOPchanges.CONCLUSIONOur调查结果是不同的可能在象象反脉管的endothelial生长因素代理人那样的更最近的治疗把它与那些作比较一样决定intravitrealtriamcinoloneacetonide治疗的压力举起风险有用。

简介：Thispaperpresentsacomponentobjectmodel(COM)basedframeworkformanaging,analyzingandvisualizingmassivemulti-scaledigitalelevationmodels(DEMs).Theframeworkconsistsofadatamanagementcomponent(DMC),whichisbasedonRDBMS/ORDBMS,adataanalysiscomponent(DAC)andadatarendercomponent(DRC).DMCcanmanagemassivemulti-scaledataexpressedatvariousreferenceframeswithinapyramiddatabaseandcansupportfastaccesstodataatvariableresolution.DACintegratesmanyusefulappliedanalyticfunctionswhoseresuitscanbeoverlaidwiththe3DscenerenderedbyDRC.DRCprovidesviewdependentdatapagingwiththesupportoftheunderlyingDMCandorganizesthepotentialvisibledataatdifferentlevelsintorendering.

简介：Thehorizontalaccuracyoftopographicdatarepresentedbydigitalelevationmodel(DEM)resolutionbringsaboutuncertaintiesinlandscapeprocessmodelingwithrasterGIS.Thispaperpresentsastudyontheeffectoftopographicvariabilityoncell-basedempiricalestimationofsoillossandsedimenttransport.AnoriginalDEMof10mresolutionforacasewatershedwasre-sampledtothreerealizationsofhighergridsizesforacomparativeexamination.EquationsbasedontheUSLEareappliedtothewatershedtocalculatesoillossfromeachcellandtotalsedimenttransporttostreams.ThestudyfoundthatthecalculatedtotalsoillossfromthewatersheddecreaseswiththeincreasingDEMresolutionwithalinearcorrelationasspatialvariabilityisreducedbycellaggregation.TheUSLEtopographicfactors(LS)extractedfromappliedDEMsrepresentspatialvariability,anddeterminetheestimationsasshowninthemodelingresults.ThecommonlyusedUSGS30mDEMappearstobeabletoreflectessentialspatialvariabilityandsuitablefortheempiricalestimation.TheappropriatenessofaDEMresolutionisdependentuponspecificlandscapecharacteristics,appliedmodelanditsparameterization.ThisworkattemptstoprovideageneralframeworkfortheresearchintheDEM-basedempiricalmodeling.

简介：Asoneofthefundamentalsocialrights,therighttoeducationnotonlyconcernsthefactthattheeducatedcanequallyenjoyeducationalopportunities,butalsolaysthefoundationforexercisingtheirrightsinotheraspects,suchasemployment,politics,cultureandsociety,thereforecreatingtheconditionsforrealizingtheall-rounddevelopment

简介：AIM:Toutilizetissuemicromeasurementtostudytheeffectoftransienthighintraocularpressure(IOP)inducedbydifferentdurationsofsuctionduringlaserinsitukeratomileusis(LASIK)onrabbitretinathickness.·METHODS:SixtyhealthyNewZealandwhiterabbitswererandomlydividedintoacontrolgroup,and3negative-pressuresuctiongroups(20sgroup,45sgroup,and3mingroup)andeachgroupwascomprisedof15rabbits(30eyes);thelatter3groupswerethetransienthighIOPmodels.Theretinaltissuearoundthepapilledemawasseparated.Hematoxylinandeosin(HE)stainingwascarriedouttogenerateslicesforlightmicroscopy.Thechangesintheretinathicknessvaluesofeachlayerweremeasuredforallanimalsineachgroupatdifferentpostoperativerecoveryperiodsandcomparedwiththevaluesrecordedfortheanimalsinthecontrolgroup.Thethicknessoftheretinaltissueshowedanormaldistribution.TheANOVAwasperformedbyusingSPSS13.0statisticsoftware.·RESULTS:Inthecomparisonbetweenthe20sand45snegative-pressuresuctiongroupsandthecontrolgroup,nosignificantdifferenceswereobserved,exceptat14d.Significantdifferencewasobservedbetweenthe3minnegative-pressuresuctiongroupandthecontrolgroup,andtheretinathicknessvalueofeachlayerreachedapeakat14dafterrepair.·CONCLUSION:Conv

简介：Toanalyzetheclinicalcharacteristicsof216patientswithnon-STsegmentelevationmyocardialinfarction(NSTEMI).MethodsAretrospectiveanalysiswasused.TwohundredandsixteenNSTEMIpatientsweredividedintotwogroups:①accordingtotheage:age<65yearsgroupandage≥65yearsgroup;②accordingtothrombolysisinmyocardialischemiatrial(TIMI)IIBriskstratificationscoringsystem:score<4groupand≥4group;③accordingtoserumcreatinine(sCr)level:sCrlevel≤178μmol·L-1groupand>178μmol·L-1group.Sevenhundredandeightysixacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI)patientsduringthesameperiodweredividedintoSTsegmentelevationmyocardialinfarction(STEMI)groupandNSTEMIgroup.Clinicalcharacteristicsofthepatientsinthetwogroupswerecompared.Results①ThenumberofNSTEMIpatientsinage≥65yearsgroupissignificantlygreaterthanthatinage<65yearsgroup.Studyrevealedthatthepatientsinage≥65yearsgroupwerewithoutchestpain,hadhypertension,dyslipidemia,atrialfibrillation,cardiacandrenaldysfunction(sCr>178μmol·L-1)andtriplevesseldisease.Fewerpatientsinthisgroupreceivedcoronaryarteryangiography(CAG),percutaneouscoronaryintervention(PCI)andcoronaryarterybypassgraft(CABG).Morenumberofdeathsinthisgroupcomparedwiththeage<65yearsgroup.②ThenumberofNSTEMIpatientsinTIMIscore>4groupissignificantlygreaterthanthatinTIMIscore<4group.Fourmajorcomplicationssuchasacuteleftventricularfailure,cardiogenicshock,seriousarrhythmiaanddeaths,increasedsignificantlyinTIMIscore>4groupcomparingwithTIMIscore≤4group.③Obviously,morenumberofelderlypatients,non-insulindependantdiabetesmellitus(NIDDM),patientswithcardiactroponinT(CTnT)>3.0ng·L-1anddeathsoccurredinsCr>178μmol·L-1group.④STEMIandNSTEMIpatientswerecomparedinsametimeframeasfollows:fewerNSTEMIpatientsandmoreelderlypatientshadnochestpain,NIDDM,hypert

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