简介:GrindinginkwasanimportantstepofpaintingandwritingforChineseliteratiinancienttimes.PainterMr.LiPingyehasbeengrindinghisinkfornearly80years.Itisdifficulttotellwhetherhehasbeengrindinginkortheinkhasbeengrindinghim.ThisfamouscontemporaryChinesetraditionalpainterhasexperiencedinnumerablefrustrationsandsufferingsoflife.
简介:Basedonexperimentmodalanalysis(EMA)andoperationmodalanalysis(OMA),thedynamiccharacteristicsofcylindricalgrindingmachineweremeasuredandprovidedabasisforfurtherfailureanalysis.Theinfluencesofgrindingparametersondynamiccharacteristicswerestudiedbyanalyzingthediagnosticsignalsextractedfromracingandgrindingexperiments.Thesignificantfrequencyof38Hzrelatedtogrindingwheelspindlespeedof2307r/minshowedthatthewheelspindlesystemwasinastateofimbalan...
简介:Thesurfacecoatingofgrindingballswasinvestigatedexperimentally.TheresultsshowthatacoatingmayformonthesurfaceofgrindingballswhenCrorAlpowdersaresubjectedtoballgrinding.Theplasticdeformationoftheballsurfaceplaysanimportantroleduringthecoatingformation,andthestrongbindingforcebetweenthepowdersandtheballsisanecessarypre-condition.Thethicknessofcoatingincreaseswiththeplasticityofthepowdersandtheballs.Annealingtheballswithcoatingwillresultinanobviousdiffusionoftheelementsinthebondingzoneofinter-face.
简介:纸为帮助产品设计和机械系统的开发论述扩充现实的应用程序。扩充现实技术以如此的一个方法用一个交互真实的词集成一个交互产生计算机的词,他们作为一环境出现。AR技术能与不实际上是景色的部分,但是与在场的用户相关的信息提高真实世界的一种用户感觉活动。在AR系统介绍了3D建模的为特别改变数据的看法的一个模式正在允许用户以一个更全面的方法理解未来的机械系统,因此使设计进程比那更有效由常规今日的CAD系统支持了。介绍原型系统包含与AR系统综合的一个专家系统并且允许关于一个活动机器人的设计过程和认识到的构造上的问题的实际答案的连续的步送到知识设计者。有关AR的一条途径使系统用户能分析并且验证解决方案(作为3D代表了模型)相对真实景色/目标。因为在我们附近的真实环境经常提供是困难的在一台计算机复制的信息的广阔数量,这条途径是有益的。在一些情况中,一个AR系统的应用程序能是验证发达产品的一个最佳的方法。
简介:在硅晶片的表面下的损坏的深度和自然将限制IC部件的表演。晶片由磨车轮的#325,#600,和#2000扎根了的硅的损坏微观结构被分析。结果证明许多微裂缝,破裂,和脱臼插座出现在表面并且由磨擦的#325的晶片地面表面下车轮。没有明显的微观结构变化存在。有大约100nm,微裂缝,高密度脱臼,和多晶的硅的厚度的非结晶的层被观察在由磨擦的#600的晶片地面表面下车轮。为由#2000grinding车轮,大约30nm厚度的非结晶的层,多晶的硅层,一些脱臼,和一块橡皮的晶片地面变丑层存在。与在砂砾尺寸的减少,一般来说,材料移动模式逐渐地从微破裂的模式改变到可锻的模式。
简介:为了改进表面的用机器制造的精确磨擦,用机器制造,有高效的amicropositioning细工品桌子被用作辅助在喂机制实现纳米水平放和动态赔偿。为了更好理解磨擦机器的特征,与微放调制了细工品桌子,磨擦系统的动态模型与形式的合成和Lagrange被建立“s方程方法。磨擦系统被划分成五个分系统。为每个分系统,概括运动学并且势能被获得。因此,磨擦系统的动态模型在形式的域被给。磨擦过程的起浪基于车轮和细工品颤动被完成。有微分追踪者的一个非线性的比例的不可分的衍生物(PID)控制器被开发认识到动态控制。模拟结果证明细工品的用机器制造的精确性能被利用微放细工品桌子实现动态赔偿有效地改进。试验性的测试被执行验证建议方法,并且细工品的起浪能从0.46下午被归结为0.10亩m。
简介:作为水泥,磨擦在粒子特征和水泥的机械性质上帮助的修改triethanolamine的效果被学习,并且它的反应机制被红外,希腊语的第六个字母潜力,SEM,XRD和TG-DTA分析。结果证明为有0.015%修改triethanolamine(M茶)的水泥的332个m粒子的内容被12.4%增加,并且有0.03%M茶的水泥的压缩力量被5.5和8.2MPa分别地在3和28天增加。并且在水泥上磨擦和M茶的改进效果比triethanolamine好。机制分析显示出那M茶不仅氨基并且氢氧根茶组织,而且有酉旨,羰基,容易与水泥矿物质的金属离子结合的carboxyl组,导致那M茶能支持表面吸附并且在表面和粒子的裂缝节防护不饱和的费用,因此,粒子重聚被阻止,磨擦效率被改进。水泥上的M茶的改进主要躺因为它能与石膏和水支持或导致水泥矿物质的水和反应,它加速水和产品的形成,然后改进水泥水和产品的结构和形态学,因此,产品结构的一致性和紧密被增加。
简介:在一家attritor工厂和最小的可完成的粒子尺寸的nanoparticles的磨擦行为被暂停稳定性强烈影响。在现在的工作,暂停稳定性(即nanoparticles的-potential)被作为在湿milling过程磨时间的功能测量pH学习。在在一家attritor工厂的某个时间以后,monotonically没有进一步的尺寸减小和平均产品粒子尺寸增加,这被发现。原因之一是亚微米粒子的生产导致更多的particleparticle相互作用,因而,暂停的pH与磨时间减少。通常pH价值与暂停稳定性有关,它能被NaOH的增加提高解决方案。51.2mV的最大的否定潜力为硅石在12的pH被获得。更高有一样的极性的潜力,将更高是在粒子之间的静电的排斥。因此,最大的静电的排斥力量被pH价值的调整在湿milling维持。实验以是在整个实验的维持的常数的不同pH条件被进行,nanosized粒子因而被获得。
简介:Operationaimofballmillgrindingprocessistocontrolgrindingparticlesizeandcirculationloadtoballmillintotheirobjectivelimitsrespectively,whileguaranteeingproducingsafelyandstably.Thegrindingprocessisessentiallyamulti-inputmulti-outputsystem(MIMO)withlargeinertia,strongcouplinganduncertaintycharacteristics.Furthermore,beingunabletomonitortheparticlesizeonlineinmostofconcentratorplants,itisdifficulttorealizetheoptimalcontrolbyadoptingtraditionalcontrolmethodsbasedonmathematicalmodels.Inthispaper,anintelligentoptimalcontrolmethodwithtwo-layerhierarchicalconstructionispresented.Basedonfuzzyandrule-basedreasoning(RBR)algorithms,theintelligentoptimalsettinglayergeneratestheloopssetpointsofthebasiccontrollayer,andthelattercantracktheirsetpointswithdecentralizedPIDalgorithms.Withthedistributedcontrolsystem(DCS)platform,theproposedcontrolmethodhasbeenbuiltandimplementedinaconcentrationplantinGansuprovince,China.Theindustrialapplicationindicatesthevalidationandeffectivenessoftheproposedmethod.
简介:Thetransformationfromgraphitetoturbostraticgraphitebymeansofthetreatmentwithhigh-energyballmillingwasinvestigatedbyX-raypowderdiffractionmethod.Itisbelievedthatthesizeeffectofnanocrystalleadstothistransformation.Apossibletransformationmechanismisproposedformthechangeoftheeletronicstructureofthehexagonalplaneofthecarbonatoms.
简介:Single-gritgrindingofa2.5Dwovencompositewasinvestigatedbythefinite-elementmethod(FEM)usingaunit-cellmodel.Accordingtoourhypotheses,theaxisofthewarpyarnwasasinusoidalcurveandthecrosssectionoftheweftyarnwasshapedlikeabiconvexlens.AVUMATsubroutinewasusedtoconstructtheconstitutivemodelofthe2.5Dwovencomposite.ThegrindingprocessofthecompositewasanalyzedusinganFEMsimulationwiththeABAQUS/Explicitsoftware.Avalidationexperimentwasalsocarriedout.Thesimulationresultsshowedthatagrindingcrackwaswellsimulated.Furthermore,thejunctionsbetweenthewarpyarnandweftyarnwerefoundtobeseriouslydamagedandcrackswereobservedtoextendoutwardalongthewarpfiberduringgrinding,ingoodagreementwiththeexperimentalresults.Inaddition,thestrainofweftyarnswasobviouslygreaterthanthatofwarpyarnswhenthegrindingdirectionwasperpendiculartotheweftyarnsandparalleltotheaxisofthewarpyarns.Theseresultsdemonstratethatthemesostructurestronglyinfluencesthegrindingdamageinflictedonwovencomposites.
简介:Surfacenanocrystallization(SNC)hasprovedtobeaneffectiveapproachtoimprovetheoverallpropertiesofbulkmetallicmaterials.Recently,anewsurfacenanocrystallizationtechnique,i.e.,surfacemechanicalgrindingtreatment(SMGT),wasdeveloped.Inthiswork,agradientnano-microstructurewasachievedinthesurfacelayeroftheAISI52100steelbyusingSMGT.Weobtainedaminimumgrainsizeofabout7nminthetopsurfacelayer.Thetotalthicknessofthedeformedlayerisover200micrometer.Meanwhilethesurfaceroughnessisratherlow.Ferritegrainsweredeformedtodifferentextentsvaryingwithdepthfromthetopsurface.Gradientgrainsizeswereformedfromtopsurfacetodeepmatrixwhichofferedagreatopportunitytostudytherefinementprocessoftheferritegrains.Itisfoundthatdislocationactivitiesplayadominantroleintheprocess.Attheinitiatestage,dislocationsaccumulatedandinteractedtoformdensedislocationwallsandcells.Increasingstrainandstrainrateinducedmoredislocationwallsincells,formingfinercells.Thisprocedurecontinueduntilnanograinsformedatthetopmostsurface.Theexistenceofcementiteparticlesinferritematrixgreatlyfacilitatestheferriterefinementprocess.Boundariesbetweenferritesandcementitesofferedmanydislocationsourceswhichacceleratethepropagationofdislocations.Dislocationwallswereblockedbycementiteswhichcertainlyleadtofinerdislocationcells.Theexistenceofcementitesmakesiteasiertogeneratefreshdislocationwallsinsub-microngrains.Astraingradientwasformedfromacementiteparticletosurroundingferritegrains.Thisstraingradientgivesrisetomoregeometricnecessarydislocations.Asferritegrainsizedecreasedlessthanthatofcementiteparticles,fragmentationoccurredincementites.Hardsecondphasewasusuallyconsideredasbrittle.Inthiswork,evidencesofdeformation(tracesofdislocationactivities)incementitesweredistinct.Sincethestressconcentrationinthephaseboundary(espec