简介：Throughoutthe20thcentury,RomanLawwasmainlyanenigmaforhistoriansandclassicalphilologistsalike.ItspositionintheFacultiesofLawasLegalHistoryandasystematic,andsometimesevensynchronic,perspectiveofmanyresearchersonlegalsourcestogetherwithself-referentialtendenciesmadeitappearaclosedsystem,eventhoughthenestorofAltertumswissenschaften,TheodorMommsenhadonceencompassedthetriashistory,lawandphilology,albeitwithhisowntaxonomyandconnectedwithhisliberalideasthatcanbefrequentlyfoundinhisRomischeGeschichteandRomischesStaatsrecht.

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简介：ThelawsoftheGreekcity-statesandtheHellenisticKingdomsdealtwithallaspectsoflifeinthecommunity.1Thelawsregulatedthemainpoliticalinstitutionsofthecommunityandgaverulestoitsofficialsabouthowtoconductpublicbusiness.MeetingsoftheCouncilandAssemblywererunaccordingtopublicstatutes,anddecreessubmittedforapprovalhadtoconformtolegalnorms.Allpublicofficialsweresubjecttoalegalreviewoftheirconductandcouldbeprosecutedincourtorpunishedbyspecialmagistrates.

简介：China’spatentsystemwasestablishedin1984andcameintoeffectin1985.Threecomprehensiveamendmentshavebeenmadesofarandthefourthamendmentthatismorecomprehensiveisinprogress.Thisamendmentamountsto33articles,addingachapterof“ImplementationandApplicationofPatents”.Thekeypointsofamendmentaretostrengthentheprotectionofpatents,promotetheimplementationandapplicationofpatents,andincreasetheliabilityofpatentinfringement.Theimportantpointsofamendmentaretoimprovethelevelofpatentprotection,raisetheindemnificationstandard,transfertheburdenofproof,andencouragetheinventionandtilttheinterestsofthepatenteeorinventor.TheseamendmentswillfurtherpromotetheimprovementandperfectionofChina’spatentsystemandfurtherpromotethecivilizationandprogressofChina’ssociety.

简介：Withoutassumptionsmadeonmotionstatesofmissileandtarget,anextendeddifferentialgeometricguidancelawisderived.Throughintroducingalineofsightrotationcoordinatesystem,thederivationissimplifiedandhasmoreexplicitphysicalsignificances.Theextendedlawistheoreticallyapplicabletoanyengagementscenarios.Then,onbasisoftheextendedlaw,amodifiedoneisdesignedwithouttherequirementoftargetaccelerationandanapproachisproposedtodeterminingtheapplieddirectionofcommandedmissileacceleration.Qualitativeanalysisiscarriedouttostudythecaptureperformanceandacriterionforcaptureisgiven.Simulationresultsindicatethetwolawsareeffectiveandmakeupthedeficiencythatpureproportionalnavigationsuitableforendoatmosphericinterceptionscannotdealwithhigh-speedmaneuveringtargets.Furthermore,thecorrectnessofthecriterionisvalidated.

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简介：IntheeraofbigdataandInternet+,asthedifficultyofpersonalinformationacquisitiondecreasesandthedegreeofpublicitybecomeshigherandhigher,whichdirectlyleadstotheabuseofpersonalinformationright,themalignantcasescausedbypersonalinformationleakagecausethedeathofthepersonbeingswindled.Underthisbackground,theregulationfortheprotectionofpersonalinformationrightinGeneralProvisionsoftheCivilLawseemstobejustintime.Thispaperanalysesthestatusofthepersonalright,systemposition,andspecificscopeofthepersonalinformationrightinGeneralProvisionsoftheCivilLaw,andexploreswaystoimprovetheprotectionofpersonalinformationrightaccordingtotheneedsofpersonalinformationuse.

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简介：Amarketeconomyrequirestheindividualrightsofcitizensbeprotected,andthattheexercisingofthoserightsberegulated,whoserealizationdependsonthelegalizationofhumanrightsprotectionOntheonehand,individualrightsmustbeprotectedbylawOntheotherhand,alaw-basedsocietyneedstobebuiltsotheboundariesofindividualrightsareclear,theexercisingofthoserightsareregulated,conflictsbetweenrightscanberesolvedthroughthecourts,andthepersonalinfringementofothers’rightsandtheoverallinterestsofthesocietyisprohibitedbylawDuringthe40yearsofChina’sreformandopening-upinChina,thepromotionofthelegalprotectionofhumanrightsmainlyliesinthreeaspects:first,theimportantroleoftheruleoflawplaysinprotectinghumanrightshasbeenclarified;second,thefourstepsoftheruleoflaw(scientificlegislation,strictlawenforcement,judicialjusticeandobservanceofthelawbyallChinesecitizens)havebeenstrengthenedtosafeguardhumanrightsfullyandeffectively;third,theChinesehumanrightssystemundertheruleoflawhasgraduallybeenalignedwithinternationalnorms.

简介：Theimpactanglecontroloverguidance(IACG)lawagainststationarytargetsisproposedbyusingfeedbacklinearizationcontrol(FLC)andfinitetimecontrol(FTC).First,thispapertransformsthekinematicsequationofguidancesystemsintothefeedbackablelinearizationmodel,inwhichtheguidancelawisobtainedwithoutconsideringtheimpactangleviaFLC.Forthepurposeofthelineofsight(LOS)angleanditsrateconvergingtothedesiredvalues,thesecond-orderLOSangleisconsideredasadouble-integralsystem.Then,thispaperutilizesFTCtodesignacontrollerwhichcanguaranteethestatesofthedouble-integralsystemconvergingtothedesiredvalues.NumericalsimulationillustratestheperformanceoftheIACG,incontrasttotheexistingguidancelaw.

简介：In1929,AmericanastronomerHubblefirstdiscoveredthattherecessionalvelocityofagalaxyincreaseswithitsdistancefromtheearth,andthereforeputforwardHubble’slaw.ItisconsideredthefirstobservationalbasisfortheexpansionoftheuniverseandtodayservesasoneofthepiecesofevidencemostoftencitedinsupportoftheBigBangmodel.SincethentheastrophysicscommunityhasbelievedthattheuniverseisinaconstantrateofexpansionuntilSaulPermutter,BrianPaulSchmitandAdamGuyRieesdiscoveredtheacceleratingexpansionoftheuniversethroughobservationofseveraldozendistantsupernovasin1998,whothenwontheNobelPrizeinPhysics2011.Buthumanstillcannotcompletelyexplainthephenomenonthattheuniverseisexpandingatanever-acceleratingrate.Thustheauthorofthispaperstudiedtheoriginandevolutionofgalaxiesagain,andrevealedthestructureofgalaxyandprovedHubble’slaw,thenrevealedthetruthabouttheexpansionoftheuniverseaswellasdarkmatteranddarkenergy.

简介：Inthispaper,anewadaptiveoptimalguidancelawwithimpactangleandseeker’sfield-of-view(FOV)angleconstraintsisproposed.Tothisend,thegeneralizedoptimalguidancelawisderivedfirst.Achangeableimpactangleweighting(IAW)coefficientisintroducedandusedtomodifytheguidancelawtomakeitadaptiveforallguidanceconstraints.Afterintegratingtheclosed-formsolutionoftheguidancecommandwithlinearizedengagementkinematics,theanalyticpredictivemodelsofimpactangleandFOVanglearebuilt,andtheavailablerangeofIAWcorrespondingtoconstraintsiscertain.Next,acalculationschemeispresentedtoacquirethereal-timevalueofIAWduringtheentireguidanceprocess.Whenapplyingtheproposedguidancelaw,theIAWwillkeepsmalltoavoidatrajectoryclimbinguptolimitFOVangleataninitialtimebutwillincreasewiththeclosingtargettoimproveimpactpositionandangleaccuracy,therebyensuringthattheguidancelawcanjuggleordersofguidanceaccuracyandconstraintscontrol.

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