简介：客观：在食管的恶意的阻塞上学习内视镜的治疗的效果。方法：先进食道的癌症病人的64个盒子有食管的阻塞，7个盒子不能被操作，57个盒子复发了在操作以后的损害和放射治疗。阻塞都与食道的扩张器被扩大，然后用elemene乳剂注射和stent的本地化疗，或本地管理被对待被放在食道的腔。结果：阻塞与膨胀被减轻仅仅大约一个星期，而是阻塞，用用另外的治疗在膨胀以后减轻了超过三个月。在膨胀以后，然而，癌的PR在本地化疗组是大约80%CR是大约8%，PR在elemene的组是大约92%乳剂注射。结论：内视镜的治疗是为先进食道的癌症的一个有效辩解的方法。

简介：当员工失去工作热情与动力，高层主管们发觉经营理念不合，如果不及时阻止，企业可能就会陷入绩效滑落、组织猜忌、内耗的状况，身为经营者该如何扭转不利情势，重新创造一个公司赢、客户赢、主管赢、员工赢的多赢局面?

简介：取耳穴肺、风溪、神门、皮质下、肾上腺和大肠，以耳针配合常规方法治疗皮肤瘙痒症患者25例，以常规方法治疗25例为对照。结果两组疗效差别有统计意义，前者好于后者。

简介：Objective:Tostudythetechniquesofplacementofmemoryalloyplatinggoldbiliarystentandplasticstentforpalliationofmalignantandbenignbiliaryobstruction,andtoassessitsclinicaleffectiveness.Methods:Thepatientsinplasticstentgroupincludedpaplillaofduodenuminflamationalstrictures(n=24),commonbileductinflammationalinferiorsegmentstrictures(n=4),choledocholithiasis(n=5),bileleak(n=11),bileductsurgeryinjurey(n=7)andpancreaticcarcinoma(n=1).Thepatientsinplatinggoldstentgroupincludedcommonbileductcarcinoma(n=5)andpancreaticcarcinoma(n=6).Underfluoroscopicguidancethestentwasinsertedintobiliaryobstructionsitesfromoralcavityinallcases.Complications,liverfunctionandbloodserumamylasewereinvestigatedduringthestudyperiod.Results:Successfulstentplacementwasachievedinallcases.Afteroperationof7days,ingoldbiliarystentgroups,theratesofdecreaseofbloodserumtotalbilirubin,glutamic-pyruvictransaminase,r-glutamyltranspeptidaseandalkalinephosphatasewere67.16%,58.37%,40.63%and41.54%respectively.Inplasticstentgroup,theratesofdecreaseofSTB,ALT,r-GTandAKPwere53.24%,55.03%,37.15%,34.12%respectively.Earlycomplicationincludedpost-ERCPpancreatitisandcholangititis.Occlusionofstentwasthemajorlatecomplication.Conclusion:Memoryalloyplatinggoldbiliarystentandplasticstentweresafeandefficaciousmethodsformalignantandbenignbiliaryobstruction,andcouldimprovepatient'slivingquality.Plasticstentwasanefficientcomplementfortherapyofbileleakandbileductinjury.

简介：

简介：Cancerscreeningisasourceofmuchdebate.Attheinterfacebetweenpublichealth,specialistcare,economicsandpolicy,itcreatestensionsbetweenprofessionalgroups,politicians,themediaandthepublic.Ascreeningtestmaybecheap,butapplyingittoapopulation(withrigorousqualitycontrolandeffectiveprocessingofpatientswithabnormalresults)createsahugeworkloadandthereforecost.Screeningcanalsohavepsychologicaleffectsonindividualswithfalse-positiveresultswhorequireinvestigationbutareeventuallyfoundnottohavecancer.

简介：THEFIRSTCASEofAIDSintheUSAwasrecognizedtwodecadesago,withtheearlycasesrepresentinghomosexualswithpneumocysticcariniipneumoniaorKaposi’ssarcoma.Sincethenthediseasehasspreadworldwidewithoutsparinganycontinent.HIVhascauseddeathsandseveresocio-economicimpactindevelopedandunderdevelopingcountries.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheculturemethodofskin-derivedprecursors(SKPs)andtoexploreanewcellsourceforcelltransplantationofcentralnervoussystem.Methods:Cellsfromskinsofjuvenileandadultmicewereisolatedandculturedinserum-freemedium.Amechanicalmethodwaschosentopassagethesecellsandtheywereidemifiedbytheimmunocytochemistryassay.Results:SKPscouldbeisolatedfromadultandneonatalskins.Theycouldbemaintainedinvitroforlongperiodswithstableproliferation,andexpandedasundifferentiatedcellsincultureformorethan12passages.About50％ofSKPsexpressednestinandmajorityofthesecellsexpressedfibronectinwhentheywereplatedonpolyornithineandlaminincoatedplates.About5％cellsshowedneuronaldifferentiationandexpressedneurofilament-M(NF-M)andNSEwhenSKPswereplatedinserun-containingmedium,andthesecellscouldalsodifferentiateintoadipocytesandfibroblast-likecells.Conclusions:Thedatasupportthehypothesisthatadultskincontainsstemcellscapableofdifferentiatingintoneurons,adipocytes,andfibroblast-likecells.TheymayrepresentanalternativeautologousstemcellsourceforCNScelltransplantation.

简介：Thereareseveralstudiesontheuseofskingrowthintissueculture,toknowhowtocoverlargesurfaceareasofburnpatientsandhowtoreplaceskinlossfromothertypeoftrauma.Itwouldbemostidealtohaveapermanentskinsubstitutecon-tainingdermalandepidermalcomposition.Thispaperdescribesthathumanepidermalcell(HEC)growthinvitrocanbecombinedwiththedegradeablebiomaterialsCollagen-ChitosanArtificialDermal(C-

简介：Objective:TostudytheeffectofantisenseVEGFRNAonratC6gliomasinvivoandfindoutthefeasibilityofantiangiogenesistherapywithantisenseVEGFRNAformalignantgliomas.Methods:ParentalratC6gliomacellsandC6cellstransfectedwithantisenseVEGFcDNAwereimplantedintracerebrallyandsubcutaneouslyintoSDratsascontrolandtransfectedgroup.RatsbearingcerebralandsubcutaneousC6gliomasweretreatedwithantisenseVEGFcDNAastreatedgroupandsenseVEGFcDNAandemptyvectorascontroloftreatedgroup.Thegeneralmanifestation,survivaltime,MRIandhistopathologicalchangesofallratswereobserved.Thevolumeofsubcutaneouslyimplantedtumorswasdeterminedregularly.InsituhybridizationandimmunohistochemicalstainingwereusedfordetectionofVEGFgeneexpressionofgliomaswhilePCNAimmunostainingandTUNELmethodforexaminationofproliferationactivityandapoptosisofgliomas,respectively.Results:Thesurvivaloftheratsintransfectedandtreatedgroupwasprolonged.Thereweretworatssurvivingover90dinthetreatedgroupandtheirtumorsdisappeared.TheVEGFgeneexpression,thenumberofmicrovesselsandtheproliferationactivityweredecreasedandalargeamountofapoptoticcellscouldbefoundincerebralandsubcutaneousgliomasintreatedandtransfectedgroups.Conclusion:VEGFisoneofthecandidategenesforgenetherapyofmalignantgliomas.AntisenseVEGFRNAcombinedwithothertherapiesshouldbestudiedfurtherforenhancingthetherapeuticeffectofmalignantgliomas.

简介：Ithabeenknownforsometimethatsometumourshavetheabilitytoproducaehormones.Thishastraditionallybeentermed‘ectopic'hormoneproduction,butwiththeincreasingsensitivityofmodenmoleculartechniques,ithasbecomeclearthatthisisamisnomer;manytissuescanproducehormoner,andnormallydosoatlowlevels,thehormonesactinglocallyascytokinesinaparacrinemanner.Intumours,bymechanismsthatremainunclear,productionofthesehormonesand/orincompletelyprocessedprecursorsisinereased,andthetem‘eutopic’productionismoreappropriate.

简介：Inthepastdecade,anincreasedamountofclinically-orientedresearchinvolvingimmunotoxinshasbeenpublished.Immunotoxinsareagroupofartificially-madecytotoxicmoleculestargetingcancercells.Thesemoleculescomposedofatargetingmoiety,suchasaligandoranantibody,linkedtotoxinmoiety,whichisatoxinwitheithertruncatedordeletedcell-bindingdomainthatpreventsitfrombindingtonormalcells.Immunotoxinscanbedividedintotwocategories:chemicallyconjugatedimmunotoxinsandrecombinantones.Theimmunotoxinsofthefirstcategoryhaveshownlimitedefficacyinclinicaltrialsinpatientswithhematologicmalignanciesandsolidtumors.Withinthelastfewyears,single-chainimmunotoxinsprovideenhancedtherapeuticefficacyoverconjugatedformsandresultinimprovedantitumoractivity.Inthisreview,webrieflyillustratethedesignoftheimmunotoxinsandtheirapplicationsinclinicaltrials.Cellular&MolecularImmunology.2005;2(2):106-112.

简介：

简介：AIM:Todescribeanewclassificationmethodofrighthepatectomyaccordingtothedifferentspecialpositionsoftumors.METHODS:Accordingtopositions,91patientswithmalignanthepatictumorintherightliverlobeweredividedintosixgroups:tumorsintherightposteriorlobeand(or)therightcaudatelobecompressingtherightportalhilum(n=14,15.4%),tumorsintherightliverlobecompressingtheinferiorvenacavaand(or)hepaticveins(n=11,12.9%),tumorsinfiltratingdiaphragmaticmuscle(n=7,7.7%),tumorsinthehepatorenalrecess(infiltratingtherightfattyrenalcapsule,transversecolonandrightadrenalgland,n=8,8.8%),tumorsdeeplylocatednearthevertebralbody(n=3,3.3%),tumorsatothersitesintherightliverlobe(thecontrolgroup,n=48,52.75%).Thevaluesofintraoperativebloodloss(IBL),tumor'smaximcross-sectionarea(TMCSA),andtimeofhepatichilumclamping(THHC)andincidenceofpostoperativecomplicationswerecomparedbetweenfivegroupsoftumorandcontrolgroup,respectively.RESULTS:TheTHHCingroups1-4wassignificantlylongerthanthatinthecontrolgroup,theIBLingroups1-4wassignificantlyhigherthanthatinthecontrolgroup,theTMCSAingroups2-4wassignificantlylargerthanthatinthecontrolgroup,andtheratioofIBL/TMCSAingroup1wassignificantlyhigherthanthatinthecontrolgroup.Therewasnosignificantdifferenceintheindexesbetweengroup5andthecontrolgroup.CONCLUSION:ThesiteoftumoristhekeyfactorthatdeterminesIBL.

简介：Toobservetheprocessofinvasion,retinaofratwasusedasamodeltosubstitutetheinnerlimitingmembraneofretinaforthebasementmembrane.RetinainvadedbyesophagealcarcinomacellsandB16melanomacellsupontheinnerlimitingmembranewasstudiedbyscanningandtransmissionelectronmicroscopy.Theresultsshowedthattheinnerlimitingmembranewasdestroyedbybothkindsoftumorcells.Theprocessofdestructionwasfollowedbyaseriesoftransformationsintheinnerlimitingmembrane,i.e.folding,swelling,thickening,andgranularchange.Theinnerlimitingmembranewasdissolvedfocallyasaresultoftransformation,andthentumorcellsinvadedtheretinathroughthesedissolvedregions.Itseemsthat,asabarrier,theinnerlimitingmembraneplaysasimilarroleasthebasementmembrane.

简介：Objective:Toanalyzetheinfluencingfactorsforradiation-inducedheartdisease(RIHD)inapanelofcaseswithmalignantthymictumorstreatedbyradiotherapy.Methods:52consecutivepatientsweretreatedbyradiotherapyformalignantthymictumor(14atMasaokastageII,23atstageIIIand15atstageIV).Treatmentincludedradical(in20),postoperative(in14),preoperative(in2)andpalliative(in16)radiotherapy.Theconventionaltwo-dimension(2D)radiationtherapywasperformedinforty-sevenpatientsandthree-dimension(3D)conformalradiationtherapyhasbeenusedin5patientssinceOctober2000.Thetotaltumordoserangedfrom10Gyto84.5Gy(medianof55Gy).Chemotherapywasgivenintwenty-fivepatientsbeforeorafterradiotherapy.Theresultsoffollowing-upcouldbeobtainedfromthedatabaseandupdatedwhereappropriated.Thedosevolumehistogram(DVH)ofheartinradiotherapyforallpatientswasanalyzedfortheeffectivevolumedoseofheart.Result:Themedianfollowing-upwas14months(rangedfrom0.6to111.3months)inthestudy.RIHDwasobservedinsevenpatients.CardiactoxicityofthesesevenpatientswereevaluatedasSOMAgrade1-3.Themediantwo-thirdeffectivevolumedoseofheartwas47.2Gy(rangedfrom8.3Gyto70.1Gy)forconventional2Dradiotherapy,whichcorrelatedwiththymictumordose(P<0.0001).Themediantwo-thirdeffectivevolumedoseofheartwas35.3Gy(rangedfrom13Gyto38.7Gy)for3Dconformalradiotherapy.Theeffectivevolumedosesofheartweredecreasedbyusing3Dconformalradiotherapy(P=0.048).Asignificantassociationbetweencardiactoxicityandeffectivevolumedoseofheartwasfoundinthisstudy(P<0.0001).Cardiactoxicityaccountedfor10.4%and4.1%ofpatientsreceivingandnotreceivingadjuvantchemotherapy,respectively,andoccurredearlierinradiochemotherapygroup(P=0.0528).Multivariateanalysissuggestedthatcardiactoxicitywassignificantlyinfluencedbytheeffectivevolumedoseofheartandchemotherapy.C

简介：DuckhepatitisBvims(DHBV)DNAwasdetectedindifferenttumorousnodulesofduckswithhepaticmulticentriccancerorintrahepaticmetastasisbySouthernblottechnique.Among7duckswithhepatocellularcarcinomaofmultipletumornodules,thehybridizationpatternofIntegratedDHBVDNAIndifferenttumorousnoduleswasidenticalin3casesanddifferentin2cases.OnecaseshowedasimilarhybridizationpatternintwotumorousnodulesandotheronewasnegativetorDHBVDNA.IntegratedDHBVDNAwasalsoidentifiedinametastaticlungcancerofduckswithhepatocellularcarcinoma.Thehybridizationpatternofmetastasisoflungswasasthesomeasthatinprimaryhepatocellularcarcinoma.ThesamediscretehybridizationbandsInthedifferenttumorousnodulesindicatethatthesenodulesmightarisefromonetransformedcell.ThedifferenthybridizationpatternsInvarioustumorousnodulesshowthatthesetumorousnodulesmightarisefromvarioustransformedcells.Theresultssuggestthatthehyb

简介：Skiniscomposedofbothadermallayer-consistingprimarilyoffibroblasts,andmatrixmacromolecules(ECM)-andanepidermallayer-composingofepidermalcellscontainingkeratinfilamentsundergoingprogressivedifferentiationfromabasalproliferatinglayertoasurfaceconsistingofterminallydifferentiated,epidermalcellsthatprotecttheskinfromtheenvironment.

简介：Tumorgrowthandmetastasisareangiogenesis-dependent.Anti-angiogenictherapymaybeausefulapproachtocancertherapy.Thisreviewdiscussedtumorangiogenesisandimmunotherapyoftargetingtumorangiogenesisfromtwomainaspects:(1)activevaccinationtoinduceeffectiveanti-angiogenesisimmunity;(2)passiveimmunotherapywithanti-pro-angiogenicmoleculesrelevantantibody.Evidencefromtherecentyearssuggestedthatanti-angiogenictherapyshouldbeoneofthemostpromisingapproachestocancertherapy.

简介：Wehavereviewedthegenetherapyingastrointestinaldiseases^[1].GastriccanceriscommoninChina^(2-20),anditsearlydiagnosisandtreatmentarestilldifficultuptonow^(13-36).Theex-pressionofanexogenousgeneintroducedbygenetherapyintopa-tientswithgliomascanbemonitorednon-invasivelybypositron-emissiontornography^[4].